SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA

SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA

  | Pertemuan 1 | SISTEM INFORMASI DAN MODEL PENGEMBANGANNYA _{Dr. Tb. Maulana Kusuma http://mkusuma.staf.gunadarma.ac.id} mkusuma@staf.gunadarma.ac.id | KONSEP INFORMASI: DATA vs INFORMASI

   Data: raw facts

• – Alphanumeric, image, audio, and video

   Information

• – Organized collection of facts

• – Have value beyond the facts themselves

DATA vs INFORMASI (lanjutan)  Defining and organizing _{relationships among data  Identical data can be} creates information. _{formations  different} represented in different meaning / information.

TRANSFORMASI DATA MENJADI

  INFORMASI

KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI

  KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI (lanjutan)

SISTEM INFORMASI

   Set of interrelated components: collect, manipulate, disseminate data and information  Provide feedback to meet an objective  Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems

UNSUR-UNSUR SISTEM

  INFORMASI SISTEM INFORMASI BERBASIS KOMPUTER  Manual vs Computerized information systems  Computer-based information system (CBIS)

• – Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures
• – Collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

KOMPONEN CBIS

ERA SISTEM INFORMASI

   Data Processing (DP) Era

_{– To improve operational efficiency by automating}

information-based processes

   Management Information Systems (MIS) Era _{– To increase management efectiveness by decision making} satisfying their information requirements for  Strategic Information Systems (SIS) Era _{– To improve competitiveness by changing the of competitive advantage} nature or conduct of business –IS/IT as a source

JENIS-JENIS SISTEM

  INFORMASI

   Transaction processing systems (TPS) _{– Capture and record information about organization’s transactions}  Management information systems (MIS) _{– Take information captured by TPS}

• – Produce reports for planning and control

   Decision support / knowledge-based systems (DSS/KBS) _{– Explore impact of available options or decisions (what- if scenarios)}

• – Automate routine decision making

  JENIS-JENIS SISTEM INFORMASI (lanjutan) _{ Enterprise applications}

• – Highly integrated systems that support company-wide operations

  _{and data}
• – Often combine aspects of TPS, MIS, DSS/KBS _{ Geographic Information Systems (GIS)}

   Communication support systems _{– Facilitate communication internally and with customers and  Office support systems} suppliers

• – Help employees create and share documents

RENCANA STRATEGIS SISTEM

  INFORMASI CONTOH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DIVISI SISTEM INFORMASI

  SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN  Management information system (MIS) _{– A collection of people, procedures, software,}

_{– Provides information to managers/decision makers}

databases, devices

   Primary focus is operational efficiency  MIS outputs _{– Scheduled reports – Exception reports} – Demand reports

   Decision support system (DSS)

  SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN

• – A collection of people, procedures, software, databases, devices
• – Supports problem-specifc decision making

   Focus is on decision-making efectiveness

  UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN

  UNSUR SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN (lanjutan)  Model base: provides decision makers access to a variety of models and assists them in decision making  Database  External database access  Access to the Internet and corporate intranet, networks, and other computer systems  Dialogue manager: allows decision makers to easily access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases

  KEMAMPUAN SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS

  PERBANDINGAN MIS DAN DSS (lanjutan)

  KEGAGALAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN INVESTASI TI  Investments made only in technology;  Not understanding or analyzing the nature of activities that the technology is to support – strategically or operationally – in the organization. ADAPTASI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI

   Technology difusion: measure of widespread use of technology  Technology infusion: extent to which technology permeates a department  Technology acceptance model

  (TAM): specifes factors that can lead

  to higher acceptance and usage of technology

  SISTEM INFORMASI KEKAYAAN NEGARA

   Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi dan pengelolaan kekayaan negara berbantuan komputer.

   Perancangan, pembuatan dan pengelolaan sistem dibawah kendali Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara (DJKN).

   DJKN dibentuk sesuai Perpres No. 66 / 2006.

  DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN NEGARA Direktorat Jenderal yang mempunyai tugas merumuskan serta melaksanakan kebijakan dan standarisasi teknis di bidang kekayaan negara, piutang negara dan lelang sesuai dengan kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Keuangan, dan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. _Sumber:

  DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN NEGARA (lanjutan) _VISI "Menjadi Pengelola kekayaan Negara, Piutang Negara dan Lelang _{yang Bertanggung Jawab untuk Sebesar-besar Kemakmuran Rakyat".} 

  MISI _{ Mewujudkan optimalisasi penerimaan, efsiensi pengeluaran dan efektiftas pengelolaan kekayaan negara;}  Mengamankan kekayaan negara melalui pembangunan database _{serta penyajian jumlah dan nilai eksisting kekayaan negara;  Mewujudkan nilai kekayaan negara yang wajar dan dapat} dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam berbagai keperluan penilaian; _{ Melaksanakan pengurusan piutang negara yang efsien, efektif, transparan dan akuntabel;}  Mewujudkan lelang sebagai instrumen jual beli yang mampu _{mengakomodasikan kepentingan masyarakat.  Sumber:}

  DIREKTORAT HUKUM DAN _{Di bidang hukum, bertugas melaksanakan pengharmonisasian TUGAS DAN FUNGSI}

  INFORMATIKA _{piutang negara, dan pelaksanaan lelang, termasuk di dalamnya dibidang pengelolaan kekayaan negara, penilaian, pengurusan} dan penyusunan peraturan perundangan dan petunjuk teknis _{terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan, publikasi dan pengelolaan} kegiatan koordinasi penyusunan rancangan peraturan, evaluasi _{dokumen hukum, penyiapan petunjuk pelaksanaan pemberian bahan pengembangan sistem informasi di bidang kekayaan Di bidang informatika, bertugas melaksanakan penyiapan} bantuan hukum, dan pelaksanaan bantuan hukum. _{bimbingan teknis sistem informasi,   penyusunan manual sistem layanan informasi dan pengelolaan pusat informasi, pelaksanaan} negara, penilaian, piutang negara dan lelang; pengolahan data, _{fungsional Pranata Komputer.} dan dokumentasi program aplikasi, dan pembinaan jabatan Sumber:

STRUKTUR ORGANISASI

  INFORMATIKA Sumber:

  SMIPT-KN  Sistem Manajemen Informasi Pelayanan Terpadu – Kekayaan Negara.

   Sistem yang digunakan untuk inventarisasi kekayaan negara.

   Pengelolanya adalah Direktorat Hukum dan Informasi, Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara. _Sumber:

PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN

   DJKN memiliki 19.000 Satuan Kerja (Satker) untuk menangani Sistem Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara (SABMN).

   Dari 19.000 Satker, 7000 Satker telah menggunakan komputer.

   SMIPT-KN didukung oleh 87 Unit Kerja diseluruh Indonesia, dimana setiap Unit Kerja memiliki 50-400 orang karyawan. _{Sumber: DJKN melalui}

  PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)

   SMIPT-KN menggunakan Oracle sebagai basis data-nya dan dilengkapi ftur geographic information system (GIS), serat mampu melakukan scanning dokumen penunjang.

   Sumber daya manusia di kantor pusat terdiri dari 11 orang yang dibantu oleh pihak lain melalui outsourcing.

  PENGELOLAAN SMIPT-KN (lanjutan)  Menyiapkan cetak biru (blue print) dan aplikasi SMIPT-KN yang dimulai pada tahun 2008 selama 3 tahun.

   Dalam jangka waktu 5 tahun ke depan (tahun 2013), seluruh kekayaan negara sudah didokumentasikan didalam SMIPT- KN.

   Saat ini sistem belum tersedia dan proses perancangan masih belum bisa diakses oleh publik. _{Sumber: DJKN melalui}

  PENGHAPUSAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA SELAIN TANAH DAN/ATAU BANGUNAN Sumber:

  PEMINDAHTANGANAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA Sumber:

  GAMBARAN UMUM PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM  System development project

_{– Planned undertaking with fxed beginning and end}

_{– Can be a large job with thousands of hours of} – Produces desired result or product efort or a small one-month project

   Successful development project _{– Provides a detailed plan to follow}

• – Organized, methodical sequence of tasks and _activities
• – Produces reliable, robust, and efficient system

  SIKLUS PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM  Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

• – Provides overall framework for managing _{systems development process}

   Two main approaches to SDLC

• – Predictive approach – assumes project can _{be planned out in advance}

• – Adaptive approach – more fexible, assumes

  _{project cannot be planned out in advance}

   All projects use some variation of SDLC

  PREDICTIVE vs ADAPTIVE

  PENDEKATAN SDLC TRADISIONAL  Project planning – initiate, ensure feasibility, plan schedule, obtain approval for project  Analysis – understand business needs and processing requirements  Design – defne solution system based on requirements and analysis decisions  Implementation – construct, test, train users, and install new system  Support – keep system running and improve MODEL SIKLUS SDLC TRADISIONAL

PENDEKATAN SDLC ADAPTIF

   Based on spiral model _{– Project cycles through development activities over – Prototype created by end of each cycle} and over until project is complete _{ Iteration – Work activities are repeated} – Focuses on mitigating risk

_{– Approach assumes no one gets it right the frst time}

– Each iteration refnes previous result

• – There are a series of mini projects for each iteration

MODEL SIKLUS SPIRAL

  MODEL SIKLUS

  ITERATIF

  KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERENCANAAN  Defne business problem and scope.

   Produce detailed project schedule.  Confrm project feasibility

• – Economic, organizational, technical, resource, and schedule.

   Staf the project (resource management).

   Launch project  official announcement.

  KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP ANALISIS  Gather information to learn problem domain  Defne system requirements  Build prototypes for discovery of requirements  Prioritize requirements  Generate and evaluate alternatives  Review recommendations with management

  KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP PERANCANGAN  Design and integrate the network  Design the application architecture  Design the user interfaces  Design the system interfaces  Design and integrate the database  Prototype for design details  Design and integrate system controls

KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP

  IMPLEMENTASI  Construct software components  Verify and test  Convert data  Train users and document the system  Install the system KEGIATAN PADA TAHAP SUPPORT

   Maintain system

• – Small patches, repairs, and updates

   Enhance system

• – Small upgrades or enhancements to expand system capabilities
• – Larger enhancements may require separate development project

   Support users

• – Help desk and/or support team

  TREND PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM _{Mengutamakan pendekatan adaptif, seperti:}  The Unifed Process (UP) – iterative and _{incremental software development process} framework. _{ Extreme Programming (XP) – a} development process that is more responsive _{to customer needs than traditional methods,} while creating software of better quality. _{ Agile Modeling – hybrid of UP and XP.}

   Scrum – an iterative incremental process of _{software development.}

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

   Ralph Stair and George Reynolds,

Fundamentals of Information Systems,

   John Satzinger, Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 4th Edition, Thomson Learning, 2006.

   Situs Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara <http://www.djkn.depkeu.go.id>