Analisis Genre Abstrak Skripsi Bahasa Mandarin Mahasiswa Universitas Bina Nusantara
ANALISIS GENRE ABSTRAK SKRIPSI BAHASA MANDARIN
MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA
建国大学中文系的学生论文汉语摘要体裁分析
(jiànguó dàxué zhōngwén xì de xuéshēng lùnwén hànyǔ zhāiyào
tǐcái fēnxī)
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
BURUTI R. HAREFA
110710033
PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA CINA
FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
1
ABSTRACT
This research was about the abstract genre of Mandarin at Binus
University which was aimed to describe of Creating a Research Space (CARS) of
Swales and to describe the realization of experential function of Halliday in
abstract genre of a university student in Mandarin department, Binus University.
The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method the data of
thesis research is 10 thesis abstracts in Mandarin,which focused on grammar.
The result of the research showed that eight abstract genres in the
Mandarin thesis are divided into structured and non structured pattern. They
consist of five patterns of structured abstract genre, and three non-structured
abstract genre. Ten patterns of structured abstract genres were donated by
Relational process (43.5%) and followed by Material process (39,1%). The
conclusion of the research were 50% abstract of thesis genre in the university
student of the Binus University were not based on Swales’ CARS model, and the
dominant of Relational process abstract of thesis genre indicated that the writer
of the thesis used verbs to relate one entity to other entities, such as time, location,
type, role, function and point of view.
Keywords: Abstract Genre, CARS Swales, Halliday’s Experential Function,
Relational Process, Material Process
2
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah tentang analisis genre abstrak bahasa Mandarin
Universitas Bina Nusantara yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan langkah dan
tahap model Creating a Research Space (CARS) dari Swales dan
mendeskripsikan realisasi fungsi eksperensial dari Halliday. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan memfokuskan pada data berupa
10 genre abstrak skripsi bahasa Mandarin Unversitas Bina Nusantara mengenai
bahasa.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 pola genre abstrak skripsi
bahasa Mandarin yang terdiri dari 5 pola genre abstrak terstruktur dan 3 pola
genre abstrak tidak terstruktur. Pada 10 genre abstrak skripsi bahasa Mandarin
ditemukan bahwa jenis proses yang mendominasi ialah proses Relasional (43.5%)
dan proses Material (39.1%). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa 1) 50% genre
abstrak skripsi bahasa Mandarin mahasiswa Universitas Bina Nusantara belum
memenuhi pola genre yang sesuai dengan model CARS Swales, dan2)
penggunaan proses Relasional yang mendominasi genre abstrak skripsi
menunjukkan bahwa penulis skripsi menggunakan verba yang dapat
menghubungkan antar kata.
Kata Kunci: Genre Abstrak, CARS Swales, Fungsi Eksperensial Halliday, Proses
Relasional, Proses Material
3
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK...................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................. v
DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR SINGKATAN................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN.............................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Pembatasan Masalah................................................................................. 7
1.3 Rumusan masalah...................................................................................... 8
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian....................................................................................... 9
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian..................................................................................... 9
1.5.1 Manfaat Teoritis............................................................................. 9
1.5.2 Manfaat Praktis.............................................................................10
BAB II KONSEP, TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI... 11
2.1 Konsep....................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Genre............................................................................................. 11
2.1.2 Abstrak........................................................................................... 13
2.1.3 Skripsi........................................................................................... 15
2.1.4 Bahasa Mandarin........................................................................... 16
2.2 Tinjauan Pustaka....................................................................................... 19
2.2.1 Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan....................................................... 20
2.3 Landasan Teori......................................................................................... 23
2.3.1 Teori Swales.................................................................................. 23
2.3.1.1 Model CARS.................................................................. 24
2.3.2 Teori Halliday............................................................................... 26
2.3.2.1 Transitivitas.................................................................... 29
2.3.2.1.1 Proses Material.............................................., 29
2.3.2.1.2 Proses Mental................................................. 30
2.3.2.1.3 Proses Verbal................................................. 30
2.3.2.1.4 Proses Behaviorial...........................................31
2.3.2.1.5 Proses Relasional............................................ 32
2.3.2.1.6 Proses Eksistensial (Wujud)........................... 32
BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM OBJEK PENELITIAN............................ 34
3.1 Universitas Bina Nusantara...................................................................... 34
3.1.1 Program Studi Sastra China Universitas Bina Nusantara.............. 36
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN............................................................... 39
4.1 Data dan Sumber Data............................................................................... 40
4.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data........................................................................ 41
4.3 Teknik Analisis Data................................................................................ 42
4
BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN......................................................... 44
5.2 Hasil.......................................................................................................... 44
5.1.1 Langkah dan Tahap GA Skripsi.................................................... 44
5.1.2 Realisasi Fungsi Eksperensial pada GA Skripsi........................... 46
5.2 Pembahasan............................................................................................... 47
5.2.1 Pembahasan terhadap Langkah dan Tahap GA Skripsi................ 47
5.2.1.1 Pola GA Skripsi............................................................... 61
5.2.2 Pembahasan terhadap Realisasi Fungsi Eksperensial pada GA
Skripsi........................................................................................... 70
5.2.2.1 Jenis Proses pada GA Skripsi......................................... 70
5.2.2.2 Persentasi Jumlah Proses GA Skripsi............................ 84
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN....................................................... 86
GLOSARIUM............................................................................................... 88
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................... 89
LAMPIRAN................................................................................................... 92
5
DAFTAR TABEL
Nomor
Judul
Halaman
2.1
Model Creating a Research Space
(CARS) Swales (1990)
24
5.1
Jumlah seluruh proses dalam setiap
langkah
46
5.2
Persentase Proses dalam setiap
langkah
46
5.3
Jenis proses data-1 L-1 T-1
70
5.4
Jenis proses data-1 L-2 T-1D
71
5.5
Jenis proses data-1 L-3 T-1B
71
5.6
Jenis proses data-3 L-1 T-1
71
5.7
Jenis proses data-3 L-2 T-1D
72
5.8
Jenis proses data-3 L-3 T-1B
72
5.9
Jenis proses data-3 L-3 T-2
73
5.10
Jenis proses data-7 L-1 T-1
73
5.11
Jenis proses data-7 L-3 T-1A
74
5.12
Jenis proses data-7 L-3 T-2
74
5.13
Jenis proses data-9 L-1 T-2
74
5.14
Jenis proses data-9 L-3 T-1A
75
5.15
Jenis proses data-10 L-1 T-1
75
5.16
Jenis proses data-10 L-2 T-1D
76
5.17
Jenis proses data-10 L-3 T-1B
76
5.18
Jenis proses data-2 L-1 T-2
76
6
5.19
Jenis proses data-2 L-1 T-1
77
5.20
Jenis proses data-6 L-2 T-1D
77
5.21
Jenis proses data-6 L-3 T-1B
77
5.22
Jenis proses data-6 L-3 T-2
78
5.23
Jenis proses data-4 L-1 T-2
78
5.24
Jenis proses data-4 L-1 T-1
79
5.25
Jenis proses data-4 L-2 T-1D
79
5.26
Jenis proses data-4 L-3 T-1B
79
5.27
Jenis proses data-4 L-3 T-2
80
5.28
Jenis proses data-8 L-1 T-2
80
5.29
Jenis proses data-8 L-1 T-1
81
5.30
Jenis proses data-8 L-2 T-1D
81
5.31
Jenis proses data-8 L-3 T-1B
82
5.32
Jenis proses data-5 L-1 T-1
82
5.33
Jenis proses data-5 L-2 T-1D
83
5.34
Jenis proses data-5 L-3 T-2
83
5.35
Jenis proses data-5 L-2² T-1D
83
5.36
Jenis proses data-5 L-3² T-1B
84
5.37
Persentase jumlah proses
84
7
8
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Nomor
Judul
Halaman
2.1
Halliday (Butt et al., 1999:11)
28
4.1
Komponen analisis data model interaktif
41
5.1
Pola hasil penelitian terhadap langkah
dan tahap
45
5.2
Pola Struktur Abstrak
61
5.3
Pola Struktur Abstrak
62
5.4
Pola Struktur Abstrak
63
5.5
Pola Struktur Abstrak
64
5.6
Pola Struktur Abstrak
65
5.7
Pola Struktur Abstrak
66
5.8
Pola Struktur Abstrak
66
5.9
Pola Struktur Abstrak
67
5.10
Pola Struktur Abstrak
68
5.11
Pola Struktur Abstrak
69
9
MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA
建国大学中文系的学生论文汉语摘要体裁分析
(jiànguó dàxué zhōngwén xì de xuéshēng lùnwén hànyǔ zhāiyào
tǐcái fēnxī)
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
BURUTI R. HAREFA
110710033
PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA CINA
FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
1
ABSTRACT
This research was about the abstract genre of Mandarin at Binus
University which was aimed to describe of Creating a Research Space (CARS) of
Swales and to describe the realization of experential function of Halliday in
abstract genre of a university student in Mandarin department, Binus University.
The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method the data of
thesis research is 10 thesis abstracts in Mandarin,which focused on grammar.
The result of the research showed that eight abstract genres in the
Mandarin thesis are divided into structured and non structured pattern. They
consist of five patterns of structured abstract genre, and three non-structured
abstract genre. Ten patterns of structured abstract genres were donated by
Relational process (43.5%) and followed by Material process (39,1%). The
conclusion of the research were 50% abstract of thesis genre in the university
student of the Binus University were not based on Swales’ CARS model, and the
dominant of Relational process abstract of thesis genre indicated that the writer
of the thesis used verbs to relate one entity to other entities, such as time, location,
type, role, function and point of view.
Keywords: Abstract Genre, CARS Swales, Halliday’s Experential Function,
Relational Process, Material Process
2
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah tentang analisis genre abstrak bahasa Mandarin
Universitas Bina Nusantara yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan langkah dan
tahap model Creating a Research Space (CARS) dari Swales dan
mendeskripsikan realisasi fungsi eksperensial dari Halliday. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan memfokuskan pada data berupa
10 genre abstrak skripsi bahasa Mandarin Unversitas Bina Nusantara mengenai
bahasa.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 pola genre abstrak skripsi
bahasa Mandarin yang terdiri dari 5 pola genre abstrak terstruktur dan 3 pola
genre abstrak tidak terstruktur. Pada 10 genre abstrak skripsi bahasa Mandarin
ditemukan bahwa jenis proses yang mendominasi ialah proses Relasional (43.5%)
dan proses Material (39.1%). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa 1) 50% genre
abstrak skripsi bahasa Mandarin mahasiswa Universitas Bina Nusantara belum
memenuhi pola genre yang sesuai dengan model CARS Swales, dan2)
penggunaan proses Relasional yang mendominasi genre abstrak skripsi
menunjukkan bahwa penulis skripsi menggunakan verba yang dapat
menghubungkan antar kata.
Kata Kunci: Genre Abstrak, CARS Swales, Fungsi Eksperensial Halliday, Proses
Relasional, Proses Material
3
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK...................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................. v
DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR SINGKATAN................................................................................x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN.............................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Pembatasan Masalah................................................................................. 7
1.3 Rumusan masalah...................................................................................... 8
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian....................................................................................... 9
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian..................................................................................... 9
1.5.1 Manfaat Teoritis............................................................................. 9
1.5.2 Manfaat Praktis.............................................................................10
BAB II KONSEP, TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI... 11
2.1 Konsep....................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Genre............................................................................................. 11
2.1.2 Abstrak........................................................................................... 13
2.1.3 Skripsi........................................................................................... 15
2.1.4 Bahasa Mandarin........................................................................... 16
2.2 Tinjauan Pustaka....................................................................................... 19
2.2.1 Hasil Penelitian yang Relevan....................................................... 20
2.3 Landasan Teori......................................................................................... 23
2.3.1 Teori Swales.................................................................................. 23
2.3.1.1 Model CARS.................................................................. 24
2.3.2 Teori Halliday............................................................................... 26
2.3.2.1 Transitivitas.................................................................... 29
2.3.2.1.1 Proses Material.............................................., 29
2.3.2.1.2 Proses Mental................................................. 30
2.3.2.1.3 Proses Verbal................................................. 30
2.3.2.1.4 Proses Behaviorial...........................................31
2.3.2.1.5 Proses Relasional............................................ 32
2.3.2.1.6 Proses Eksistensial (Wujud)........................... 32
BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM OBJEK PENELITIAN............................ 34
3.1 Universitas Bina Nusantara...................................................................... 34
3.1.1 Program Studi Sastra China Universitas Bina Nusantara.............. 36
BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN............................................................... 39
4.1 Data dan Sumber Data............................................................................... 40
4.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data........................................................................ 41
4.3 Teknik Analisis Data................................................................................ 42
4
BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN......................................................... 44
5.2 Hasil.......................................................................................................... 44
5.1.1 Langkah dan Tahap GA Skripsi.................................................... 44
5.1.2 Realisasi Fungsi Eksperensial pada GA Skripsi........................... 46
5.2 Pembahasan............................................................................................... 47
5.2.1 Pembahasan terhadap Langkah dan Tahap GA Skripsi................ 47
5.2.1.1 Pola GA Skripsi............................................................... 61
5.2.2 Pembahasan terhadap Realisasi Fungsi Eksperensial pada GA
Skripsi........................................................................................... 70
5.2.2.1 Jenis Proses pada GA Skripsi......................................... 70
5.2.2.2 Persentasi Jumlah Proses GA Skripsi............................ 84
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN....................................................... 86
GLOSARIUM............................................................................................... 88
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................... 89
LAMPIRAN................................................................................................... 92
5
DAFTAR TABEL
Nomor
Judul
Halaman
2.1
Model Creating a Research Space
(CARS) Swales (1990)
24
5.1
Jumlah seluruh proses dalam setiap
langkah
46
5.2
Persentase Proses dalam setiap
langkah
46
5.3
Jenis proses data-1 L-1 T-1
70
5.4
Jenis proses data-1 L-2 T-1D
71
5.5
Jenis proses data-1 L-3 T-1B
71
5.6
Jenis proses data-3 L-1 T-1
71
5.7
Jenis proses data-3 L-2 T-1D
72
5.8
Jenis proses data-3 L-3 T-1B
72
5.9
Jenis proses data-3 L-3 T-2
73
5.10
Jenis proses data-7 L-1 T-1
73
5.11
Jenis proses data-7 L-3 T-1A
74
5.12
Jenis proses data-7 L-3 T-2
74
5.13
Jenis proses data-9 L-1 T-2
74
5.14
Jenis proses data-9 L-3 T-1A
75
5.15
Jenis proses data-10 L-1 T-1
75
5.16
Jenis proses data-10 L-2 T-1D
76
5.17
Jenis proses data-10 L-3 T-1B
76
5.18
Jenis proses data-2 L-1 T-2
76
6
5.19
Jenis proses data-2 L-1 T-1
77
5.20
Jenis proses data-6 L-2 T-1D
77
5.21
Jenis proses data-6 L-3 T-1B
77
5.22
Jenis proses data-6 L-3 T-2
78
5.23
Jenis proses data-4 L-1 T-2
78
5.24
Jenis proses data-4 L-1 T-1
79
5.25
Jenis proses data-4 L-2 T-1D
79
5.26
Jenis proses data-4 L-3 T-1B
79
5.27
Jenis proses data-4 L-3 T-2
80
5.28
Jenis proses data-8 L-1 T-2
80
5.29
Jenis proses data-8 L-1 T-1
81
5.30
Jenis proses data-8 L-2 T-1D
81
5.31
Jenis proses data-8 L-3 T-1B
82
5.32
Jenis proses data-5 L-1 T-1
82
5.33
Jenis proses data-5 L-2 T-1D
83
5.34
Jenis proses data-5 L-3 T-2
83
5.35
Jenis proses data-5 L-2² T-1D
83
5.36
Jenis proses data-5 L-3² T-1B
84
5.37
Persentase jumlah proses
84
7
8
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Nomor
Judul
Halaman
2.1
Halliday (Butt et al., 1999:11)
28
4.1
Komponen analisis data model interaktif
41
5.1
Pola hasil penelitian terhadap langkah
dan tahap
45
5.2
Pola Struktur Abstrak
61
5.3
Pola Struktur Abstrak
62
5.4
Pola Struktur Abstrak
63
5.5
Pola Struktur Abstrak
64
5.6
Pola Struktur Abstrak
65
5.7
Pola Struktur Abstrak
66
5.8
Pola Struktur Abstrak
66
5.9
Pola Struktur Abstrak
67
5.10
Pola Struktur Abstrak
68
5.11
Pola Struktur Abstrak
69
9