Language Disorder In Schizophrenia Patient: A Case Study Of Five Schizophrenia Paranoid Patients In Simeulue District Hospital
LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS:
A CASE STUDY OF FIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA PARANOID
PATIENTS IN SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL
A THESIS
BY
BEBY FEBRI KURNIA
REG.NO: 110705054
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
NIP. 195411171980031002
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 197502092008121002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday July 11, 2015.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 1976031001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
……………………………
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
……………………………
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
……………………………
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.
……………………………
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.
…………………………....
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, BEBY FEBRI KURNIA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE
AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: -------------------------------
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: BEBY FEBRI KURNIA
TITLE OF THESIS : LANGUAGE DISORDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
PATIENT:
A
SCHIZOPHRENIA
CASE
STUDY
PARANOID
OF
FIVE
PATIENTS
IN
SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER
THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
: -------------------------------
Date
: ------------------------------v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
AlhamdulillahiRabbil’Alamin, Thank to Allah SWT. God Almighty, the
blessing and guidance so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. The writer
realized that this thesis owes its existence to the help, support and inspiration of
several people. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and
gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Eddy Setia,. M.Ed, TESP and my co-supevisor
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D for their guidance during this research.
The writer also indebted to Dr. Emir Abdullah, spKj and Mrs. Otriana,
who have been helped during the collecting of the data of this research in
Simeulue Dictrict Hospital. And I would also like to thank the schizophrenia
patients in Simeulue District Hospital, for their participation in this research.
And a very special thanks also goes out to my friends Camelia, Elvi,
Florence, Altena, Evi and Yudha, my roommates Rahmi, Diza, and Uul. I would
never forget your contribution to this thesis, helping me with translations and
grammar.
Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my family; my beloved father Elvis
Djohan and my beloved mother Fatmawati, my sister Elsa Noviana and my
brother Endrico Fermi, for their unflagging love and unconditional support
throughout my life.
Medan, April 20th 2015
Writer,
vi
ABSTRACT
Language disorder in schizophrenia patients is an acquired language
disorder due to thought disorder. This analysis analyzed language disorder in
schizophrenia paranoid patients in Simeulue District Hospital. The objective of
this analysis were: (1) to find out the types of schizophrenic speech found in
schizophrenia paranoid patients, (2) to find out the most dominant type of
schizophrenia speech found in schizophrenia paranoid patients, and (3) to find out
which patient has most severe language disorder. The data analysis of this thesis
found: (1) the types of language disorder found in schizophrenia paranoid patients
are Poverty of Speech, Poverty of Content of Speech, Pressure of Speech,
Distractible Speech, Tangentiality, Derailment, Illogicality, Circumstantiality,
Loss of Goal and Self-Reference. (2) the most dominant type of language
disorder in schizophrenia paranoid patients was poverty of speech (58 utterances),
and (3) patient II was the patient with the most severe language disorder, this
patient has at least 8 types of language disorder; poverty of speech, distractible
speech, tangentiality, derailment, illogicality, circumstantiality, loss of goal and
self-reference.
Keywords: Psycholinguistics, language disorder, thought disorder, schizophrenia.
vii
ABSTRAK
Gangguan bahasa pada pasien skizofrenia adalah gangguan bahasa yang di
peroleh oleh seseorang disebabkan oleh ganggun pikiran. Penelitian ini
menganalisis gangguan bahasa pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid di Rumah Sakit
Umum Kabupaten Simeulue. Tujuan dari analisi ini adalah: (1) menemukan jenisjenis gangguan bahasa apa saja yang terdapat pada pasien schizophrenia paranoid,
(2) menemukan jenis gangguan bahasa yang paling dominan, dan (3) menemukan
pasien manakah yang memiliki gangguan bahasa paling parah. Dari hasil analisi
data yang di lakukan oleh penulis ditemukan: (1) Jenis-jenis gangguan bahasa
yang di temukan pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid adalah Poverty of Speech,
Poverty of Content of Speech, Pressure of Speech, Distractible Speech,
Tangentiality, Derailment, Illogicality, Circumstantiality, Loss of Goal and SelfReference. (2) jenis gangguan bahasa yang paling dominan pada pasien
schizophrenia paranoid adalah poverty of speech (58 ujaran), dan (3) pasien II
adalah pasien yang memiliki gangguan bahasa terbanyak, setidaknya terdapat 8
jenis gangguan bahasa, yaitu: poverty of speech, distractible speech, tangentiality,
derailment, illogicality, circumstantiality, loss of goal and self-reference.
Kata Kunci:
schizophrenia.
Psycholinguistics,
language
disorder,
thought
disorder,
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ................................................................
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ............................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...........................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLE .....................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1
1.1 Background of study ..........................................................
1
1.2 Problem of the Study .........................................................
4
1.3 Significance of the Study ..................................................
5
1.4 Objective of the Study .......................................................
5
1.5 Scope of the Study .............................................................
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ..........................
7
2.1 Theoretical Background ....................................................
7
2.1.1 Language and Brain .......................................................
7
2.1.2 Psycholinguistics .............................................................
9
2.2 Description and Classification of Language Disorders .....
11
2.2.1 Developmental and Acquired Language Disorder .........
11
2.2.2 Medical and Environmental Language Disorder ............
12
2.2.2.1 Language Disorder .......................................................
13
2.2.2.2 Speech Disorder ...........................................................
14
2.2.2.3 Thought Disorder ........................................................
15
2.3. Schizophrenia Speech .......................................................
20
2.4 Related Researches ............................................................
31
ix
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................
36
3.1 Method of the Study ..........................................................
36
3.2 Data and Data Source ........................................................
37
3.3 Data Collecting Method ....................................................
37
3.4 Data Analysis Method .......................................................
39
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ............................................
41
4.1 Data Description ................................................................
41
4.1.1 Analysis ..........................................................................
41
4.2 Finding ..............................................................................
59
CHAPTER V CUNCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
61
5.1 Conclusion .........................................................................
61
5.2 Suggestion .........................................................................
61
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................
62
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Schizophrenic speech found in five selected schizophrenia paranoid
patients
....................................................................................................
60
xi
A CASE STUDY OF FIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA PARANOID
PATIENTS IN SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL
A THESIS
BY
BEBY FEBRI KURNIA
REG.NO: 110705054
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra
Examination
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
NIP. 195411171980031002
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 197502092008121002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday July 11, 2015.
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 1976031001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
……………………………
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D
……………………………
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
……………………………
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A.
……………………………
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP.
…………………………....
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, BEBY FEBRI KURNIA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART
FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED
ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED
WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE
AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed
:
Date
: -------------------------------
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: BEBY FEBRI KURNIA
TITLE OF THESIS : LANGUAGE DISORDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
PATIENT:
A
SCHIZOPHRENIA
CASE
STUDY
PARANOID
OF
FIVE
PATIENTS
IN
SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER
THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
: -------------------------------
Date
: ------------------------------v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
AlhamdulillahiRabbil’Alamin, Thank to Allah SWT. God Almighty, the
blessing and guidance so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. The writer
realized that this thesis owes its existence to the help, support and inspiration of
several people. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and
gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Eddy Setia,. M.Ed, TESP and my co-supevisor
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D for their guidance during this research.
The writer also indebted to Dr. Emir Abdullah, spKj and Mrs. Otriana,
who have been helped during the collecting of the data of this research in
Simeulue Dictrict Hospital. And I would also like to thank the schizophrenia
patients in Simeulue District Hospital, for their participation in this research.
And a very special thanks also goes out to my friends Camelia, Elvi,
Florence, Altena, Evi and Yudha, my roommates Rahmi, Diza, and Uul. I would
never forget your contribution to this thesis, helping me with translations and
grammar.
Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my family; my beloved father Elvis
Djohan and my beloved mother Fatmawati, my sister Elsa Noviana and my
brother Endrico Fermi, for their unflagging love and unconditional support
throughout my life.
Medan, April 20th 2015
Writer,
vi
ABSTRACT
Language disorder in schizophrenia patients is an acquired language
disorder due to thought disorder. This analysis analyzed language disorder in
schizophrenia paranoid patients in Simeulue District Hospital. The objective of
this analysis were: (1) to find out the types of schizophrenic speech found in
schizophrenia paranoid patients, (2) to find out the most dominant type of
schizophrenia speech found in schizophrenia paranoid patients, and (3) to find out
which patient has most severe language disorder. The data analysis of this thesis
found: (1) the types of language disorder found in schizophrenia paranoid patients
are Poverty of Speech, Poverty of Content of Speech, Pressure of Speech,
Distractible Speech, Tangentiality, Derailment, Illogicality, Circumstantiality,
Loss of Goal and Self-Reference. (2) the most dominant type of language
disorder in schizophrenia paranoid patients was poverty of speech (58 utterances),
and (3) patient II was the patient with the most severe language disorder, this
patient has at least 8 types of language disorder; poverty of speech, distractible
speech, tangentiality, derailment, illogicality, circumstantiality, loss of goal and
self-reference.
Keywords: Psycholinguistics, language disorder, thought disorder, schizophrenia.
vii
ABSTRAK
Gangguan bahasa pada pasien skizofrenia adalah gangguan bahasa yang di
peroleh oleh seseorang disebabkan oleh ganggun pikiran. Penelitian ini
menganalisis gangguan bahasa pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid di Rumah Sakit
Umum Kabupaten Simeulue. Tujuan dari analisi ini adalah: (1) menemukan jenisjenis gangguan bahasa apa saja yang terdapat pada pasien schizophrenia paranoid,
(2) menemukan jenis gangguan bahasa yang paling dominan, dan (3) menemukan
pasien manakah yang memiliki gangguan bahasa paling parah. Dari hasil analisi
data yang di lakukan oleh penulis ditemukan: (1) Jenis-jenis gangguan bahasa
yang di temukan pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid adalah Poverty of Speech,
Poverty of Content of Speech, Pressure of Speech, Distractible Speech,
Tangentiality, Derailment, Illogicality, Circumstantiality, Loss of Goal and SelfReference. (2) jenis gangguan bahasa yang paling dominan pada pasien
schizophrenia paranoid adalah poverty of speech (58 ujaran), dan (3) pasien II
adalah pasien yang memiliki gangguan bahasa terbanyak, setidaknya terdapat 8
jenis gangguan bahasa, yaitu: poverty of speech, distractible speech, tangentiality,
derailment, illogicality, circumstantiality, loss of goal and self-reference.
Kata Kunci:
schizophrenia.
Psycholinguistics,
language
disorder,
thought
disorder,
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ................................................................
iv
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ............................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...........................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLE .....................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1
1.1 Background of study ..........................................................
1
1.2 Problem of the Study .........................................................
4
1.3 Significance of the Study ..................................................
5
1.4 Objective of the Study .......................................................
5
1.5 Scope of the Study .............................................................
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ..........................
7
2.1 Theoretical Background ....................................................
7
2.1.1 Language and Brain .......................................................
7
2.1.2 Psycholinguistics .............................................................
9
2.2 Description and Classification of Language Disorders .....
11
2.2.1 Developmental and Acquired Language Disorder .........
11
2.2.2 Medical and Environmental Language Disorder ............
12
2.2.2.1 Language Disorder .......................................................
13
2.2.2.2 Speech Disorder ...........................................................
14
2.2.2.3 Thought Disorder ........................................................
15
2.3. Schizophrenia Speech .......................................................
20
2.4 Related Researches ............................................................
31
ix
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................
36
3.1 Method of the Study ..........................................................
36
3.2 Data and Data Source ........................................................
37
3.3 Data Collecting Method ....................................................
37
3.4 Data Analysis Method .......................................................
39
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ............................................
41
4.1 Data Description ................................................................
41
4.1.1 Analysis ..........................................................................
41
4.2 Finding ..............................................................................
59
CHAPTER V CUNCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
61
5.1 Conclusion .........................................................................
61
5.2 Suggestion .........................................................................
61
REFERENCES ...........................................................................................
62
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Schizophrenic speech found in five selected schizophrenia paranoid
patients
....................................................................................................
60
xi