THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY (An Experimental Study at the English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the Academic Year of 2014/2015).

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING
TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM
STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY
(An Experimental Study at the English Education Department of Slamet
Riyadi University in the Academic Year of 2014/2015)

A THESIS

By:
IRENE BRAINNITA OKTARIN
S891308049
Written as a Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements for Graduate Education
Degree of English Language Teaching
ENGLISH EDUCATION OF GRADUATE PROGRAM
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA

2015

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ABSTRACT
Irene Brainnita Oktarin. S891308049. 2015. The Effectiveness of Blended
Learning Method to teach Writing viewed from Students’ Creativity (An
Experimental Study at the Third Semester Students of Slamet Riyadi University
in the academic year 2014/2015. A Thesis. First Consultant: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd;
Secod Consultant: Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd. English Education

Department, Graduate Progam, Sebelas Maret University.
This research aims to review whether: (1) Blended Learning Method is more
effective than Lecturing Method to teach writing; (2) The students with high
creativity have better writing skill than those having low creativity; and (3) There
is an interaction between teaching methods and students‟ creativity in teaching
writing.
This experimental study was conducted at the third semester students of
English Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic year 2014/2015.
There were 60 students, consisting of 3 classes. The samples were two classes
namely experimental class which was taught using Blended Learning Method and
control class which was taught using Lecturing Method. To find out the sample, a
cluster random sampling technique was implemented. Each class was divided into
two groups of which each consisted of students having high creativity and those
having low creativity. To gain the data, two instruments were used namely writing
test to find out the score of students‟ writing and creativity test to find out the
score of students‟ creativity. The data were, then, analysed by using Multifactor
Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey test. Before conducting the
ANOVA test, pre-requisite test namely normality and homogeneity test were
conducted.
There are some reseach findings that can be taken: (1) Blended Learning

Method is more effective than Lecturing Method to teach writing; (2) The
students with high creativity have better writing skill than those having low
creativity; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students‟
creativity in teaching writing.
Based on the results of this research, it implies that Blended Learning
Method is an effective method in teaching writing to the third semester students of
English Department Slamet Riyadi University. However, to support the using of
Blended Learning Method in teaching learning activities, a teacher must
understand about the development of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), such as internet. They must capable in using and operating
internet or social media.
Keywords: Blended Learning Method, Lecturing Method, writing skill, creativity,
experimental study

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MOTTO

Yesterday I dared to struggle. Today I dare to win

(Bernadette Devlin)

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DEDICATION

With deep profound love, this research is fully dedicated to:
My beloved parents Marius Budi Suswanto and Maria Magdalena Kusgiati

My lovely sister Genoveva Maditias Dwi Pertiwi
My lovely brother Rafael Novin Triditio
My would be husband Antonius Yanuar Aris Wirawan
My almamater Sebelas Maret University

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researcher would like to acknowledge her countless gratitude to the
Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, Jesus Christ, who has granted her health
and determination to write this thesis. In addition, there are many people who
have generously contributed in improving this thesis, that she would like to
express her deep gratitude to the following people:
1.

The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for the permission to write the thesis.

2.

The Head of English Education Department of Graduate Program for
providing the facilities to complete the thesis writing.

3.

Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd, the first consultant for his guidance, advice, and
patience during the writing process of this thesis.

4.

Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd, the second consultant for his guidance,
advice, and patience during the writing process of this thesis.

5.

The Head of English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University for
the permission to conduct the research.

6.

The Lecturer of English Education Department of Slamet Riyadi University,
especially Ernadewi Kartikasari, M.Pd for her help, guidance, and
cooperation during the research.

7.

The third semester students of Slamet Riyadi University in the academic
year 2014/2015 for their cooperation during the research.

8.

All friends and everyone who have helped the researcher in accomplishing
this thesis.
Hopefully, this thesis would provide a positive contribution to the

educational development and the readers.
Surakarta, February 2015

Irene Brainnita Oktarin

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE .............................................................................................................
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
LEGITIMATION...........................................................................................
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................

MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research ...............................................
B. Problem Identification .......................................................
C. Problem Limitation ............................................................
D. Problem Statement .............................................................
E. Research Objectives ...........................................................
F. Significance of the Research ..............................................

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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Review ............................................................
1. Writing............................................................................
a. Definitions of Writing ................................................
b. Micro and Macro Skills of Writing ...........................
c. Indicator of Writing ...................................................
d. Teaching Writing .......................................................
e. Writing Assessment ...................................................
2. Teaching Method ...........................................................
a. Blended Learning Method ..........................................
1) Definition of Blended Learning ............................
2) Procedures of Blended Learning ...........................
3) Advantages of Blended Learning ..........................
4) Disadvantages of Blended Learning .....................
b. Lecturing Method ......................................................
1) Definition of Lecturing Method ............................
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2) Procedure
of Lecturing

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3) Advantages of Lecturing Method .......................... 37
4) Disadvantages of Lecturing Method ..................... 38
c. The differences between Blended and Lecturing ...... 39
3. Creativity ........................................................................ 40
a. Definition of Creativity .............................................. 40
b. Aspects of Creativity ................................................. 42
c. The Importance of Creativity in Writing .................... 45
d. Process of Creativity .................................................. 46
e. Measuring Creativity .................................................. 47
B. Review of Related Studies ................................................. 50
C. Rationale ............................................................................ 55
1. The Difference between Blended Learning and
Lecturing ......................................................................... 55
2. The Difference between High and Low Creativity ....... 56
3. Interaction between Teaching Method and Creativity .. 58
D. Hypothesis ......................................................................... 59
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Context of the Study ..........................................................
1. Place of the Research .....................................................
2. Time of the Research .....................................................
B. Research Method ...............................................................
C. Population, Sample, and Sampling ....................................
1. Population ......................................................................
2. Sample ...........................................................................
3. Sampling ........................................................................
D. Data Collection and Research Instrument .........................
1. Writing Test ...................................................................
2. Creativity test .................................................................
E. Data Analysis ......................................................................
1. Pre-requisite Tests ..........................................................
2. Hypothesis Testing .........................................................
F. Statistical Hypotheses ........................................................

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CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDING
A. Data Description ................................................................
B. Pre-requisite Tests ..............................................................
1. Normality .......................................................................
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C. Hypothesis Testing ............................................................ 87
1. ANOVA ......................................................................... 87
2. Tukey Test ..................................................................... 89
D. The Discussion of the Result ............................................. 91
1. The Difference between Blended Learning Method and
Lecturing Method ......................................................... 91
2.
The Difference between Students Having High
Creativity and Students Having Low Creativity........... 94
3. Interaction between Teaching Methods and Students‟
Creativity on the Students‟ Writing Skills .................... 96
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 100
B. Implication ......................................................................... 101
C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 102
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 104
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 111

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Scoring Rubrics of Writing ..............................................................
Table 2.2 The Differences Between Blended Learning and Lecturing
Method ............................................................................................................
Table 3.1 Time Schedule for the Research ......................................................
Table 3.2 Factorial Design 2x2 ........................................................................
Table 3.3 Readibility of Writing Test ..............................................................
Table 3.4 Readability of Creativity Test ..........................................................
Table 4.1 The Frequency Distribution of Data A1 ...........................................
Table 4.2 The Fequency Distribution of Data A2 ............................................
Table 4.3 The Fequency Distribution of Data B1 .............................................
Table 4.4 The Fequency Distribution of Data B2 .............................................
Table 4.5 The Fequency Distribution of Data A1B1 ........................................
Table 4.6 The Fequency Distribution of Data A1B2 ........................................
Table 4.7 The Frequency Distribution of Data A2B1 .......................................
Table 4.8 The Frequency Distribution of Data A2B2 .......................................
Table 4.9 The Summary of Normality Test ...................................................
Table 4.10 The Summary of Homogeneity Test ..............................................
Table 4.11 The Mean Score .............................................................................
Table 4.12 The Summary of Multifactors Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
2x2 ....................................................................................................................
Table 4.13 The Summary of Tukey Test .........................................................

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1 ................................................
Figure 4.2 Histogram and Polygon of Data A2 ................................................
Figure 4.3 Histogram and Polygon of Data B1 ................................................
Figure 4.4 Histogram and Polygon of Data B2 ................................................
Figure 4.5 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1 ............................................
Figure 4.6 Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B2 ............................................
Figure 4.7 Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1 ............................................
Figure 4.8 Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B2 ............................................

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Sylabus .........................................................................................
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan of Experimental Class .............................................
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan of Control Class .......................................................
Appendix 4 Instrument of Creativity Test .......................................................
Appendix 4.1 Blueprint of Creativity Test .......................................................
Appendix 4.2 Instrument of Creativity Test ....................................................
Appendix 4.3 Scoring of Creativity Test .........................................................
Appendix 4.4 Questionnaire of Creativity Instruction .....................................
Appendix 5 Readability Result of Creativity Instrument .................................
Appendix 6 Instrument of Writing Test ...........................................................
Appendix 6.1 Blueprint of Writing Test ..........................................................
Appendix 6.2 Instrument of Writing Test ........................................................
Appendix 6.3 Scoring of Writing Test .............................................................
Appendix 6.4 Questionnaire of Writing Instruction ........................................
Appendix 7 Readability Result of Writing Instrument ....................................
Appendix 8 Students‟ Creativity Scores ........................................................
Appendix 9 Writing Scores ..............................................................................
Appendix 9.1 Post Test Students‟ Writing Scores Experimental (A1) ............
Appendix 9.2 Post Test Students‟ Writing Scores Control (A2) ......................
Appendix 10 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores ....................................
Appendix 10.1 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores Experimental ..........
Appendix 10.2 Students‟ Creativity and Writing Scores Control ....................
Appendix 11 Descriptive Statistics ..................................................................
Appendix 12 Normality Test ..........................................................................
Appendix 13 Homogeneity Test ......................................................................
Appendix 14 ANOVA 2x2 Multifactor Analysis Variance .............................
Appendix 15 The Result of Tukey Test ...........................................................
Appendix 16 Table of Critical Values for t Distribution .................................
Appendix 17 Table of the Standard Normal Distribution ................................
Appendix 18 Table of Critical Values for the Liliefors (Normality Test) .......
Appendix 19 Table of the Chi Square Distribution (Homogeneity) ................
Appendix 20 Table of Critical Values for F Distribution ................................
Appendix 21 Table of Critical Values for Tukey test ....................................
Appendix 22 Example of Students‟ Writing ....................................................
Appendix 23 Pictures of Students‟ Activity ....................................................
Appendix 24 Letter of Research Permission ....................................................
Appendix 25 Letter of Having Conducted Research .......................................

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