VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON VOCABULARY MASTERY (A CASE STUDY ON MALE AND FEMALE LEARNERS OF HIGHER INTERMEDIATE LEVEL AT LBPP LIA SOLO IN PERIOD OF FEBRUARY-MAY 2017) - UNS Institutional Repository

  (A Case Study on Male and Female Learners of Higher Intermediate Level at LBPP LIA Solo in Period of February-May 2017)

  A Thesis by: ARINA AFIYATI SHADIKAH S891508005

  Submitted to fulfill one of the Requirements to Obtain the Graduate Degree in English Education

  

MASTER PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2017

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ABSTRACT

  Arina Afiyati Shadikah. S891508005. 2017. Vocabulary Learning Strategies

  

and their Effect on Vocabulary Mastery (A Case Study on Male and Female

  Learners of Higher Intermediate Level at LBPP LIA Solo in Period of February- May 2017). A Thesis. First Consultant: Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. Second Consultant: Dr. Slamet Supriyadi, M.Pd.. English Education Department. Graduate School. Sebelas Maret University.

  The main objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) Vocabulary learning strategies used and practices done by male and female learners; (2) The similarities and differences between male and female learners in applying vocabulary learning strategies; and (3) the effect of vocabulary learning strategies on learners’ vocabulary mastery.

  A qualitative research was applied in this study. The participants of this research were the Higher Intermediate Level learners at LBPP LIA Solo in Period of February-May 2017. There were twenty learners in this study that consisted of ten male learners and ten female learners. To collect the data, there were four instruments used namely vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires (VLSQs), interview, documentation, and test. The data were analyzed qualitatively using flow method of qualitative design. It consist of three steps, those were data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification.

  The result of this study reveals that: (1) there are six strategies applied by both male and female learners; (2) the similarity is that both male and female learners do all of the practices provided on each strategies and the differences come from the frequency, the most frequently, and the least frequently vocabulary learning strategies applied by the learners; and (3) the more vocabulary learning strategies used, the better vocabulary mastery the learners get. It shows that female learners’ vocabulary mastery are better than male learners because they apply vocabulary strategies more often than male. Therefore, it is recommended for learners to use the most suitable vocabulary learning strategies, so that they can good achievement in vocabulary mastery.

  Keywords: Vocabulary Learning Strategies, Female and Male Learners, Higher Intermediate Level, Vocabulary Mastery.

  

MOTTO

“Learn everything you can, anytime you can, from

anyone you can; there will always come a time when

you will be grateful you did ”

  

Sarah Caldwell

  

DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

   Her father and her mother, thank you for giving their love, care, and endless praying.

   Her sisters and her brother, thanks for giving spirit and support.

  

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

  All praises just be for Allah SWT for His blessing to the writer so that this thesis can be completed. The writer also received support, guidance, advice and assistance from many people. Thus, he would like to express his gratefulness to those who give great contribution to the writer to finish this thesis:

  1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.

  

2. The Head of English Education Department, Graduate Program of Sebelas

Maret University, Dr. Ngadiso, M. Pd.

  

3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum. the first consultant for his time, patience,

help, correction, guidance, and suggestion.

  4. Dr. Slamet Supriyadi, M.Pd., the second consultant for his time, patience, help, correction, guidance, and suggestion.

  5. All lecturers in English Education, Graduate Program for the precious knowledge.

  6. Wasi Dewanto, Head and supervisor of LBPP LIA Solo, for his permission to conduct the research.

  7. The learners of higher intermediate level at LBPP LIA Solo, for their time and participation on this research.

  8. All of friends in English Education Graduate Program class of 2015 for all support and help to finish this thesis.

  The writer accepts gratefully every comment and suggestion because nothing is perfect except Allah SWT and neither is this thesis. However, he hopes that this thesis will be useful to the improvement of the English teaching and learning.

  Surakarta, August 2017 Arina Afiyati Shadikah

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  TITLE ................................................................................................................ i APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS .......................................................... ii LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .............................iii PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... v MOTTO............................................................................................................ vi DEDICATION................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xv LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xvi

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1 B. Problem Statement ............................................................... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ........................................................ 5 D. Significance of the Study ...................................................... 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................. 8 A. Underlying Theory of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ......... 8

  1. Vocabulary ...................................................................... 8

  a. The Definition of Vocabulary........................................8

  b. The Importance of Vocabulary......................................9

  c. Vocabulary Size............................................................10

  d. The Elements of Vocabulary........................................11

  2. Vocabulary Learning Strategies ..................................... 14

  a. The Definition of Vocabulary Learning Strategies.......15

  b. The Importance of Vocabulary Learning Strategies.....16

  c. The Categories of Vocabulary Learning Strategies......18

  3. Factors Affecting Vocabulary Learning and Acquisition.26

  4. Gender Differences in Language Learning ..................... 27

  B. Previous Studies ................................................................. 30

  1. Halilah et all ’s Work (2014) ........................................... 30

  2. Bristi ’s Work (2015) ...................................................... 31

  3. Yazdi and Kafipour ’s Work (2014) ................................ 32

  4. Noormohamadi and Amirian ’s Work (2015) .................. 33

  5. Gang ’s Work (2014)...................................................34

  6. Saengpakdeejit ’s Work (2014) ....................................... 35 7.

  Sener’s Work (2015) .................................................... 36

  8. Nayan and Krishnasamy ’s Work (2015).......................36 9.

  Ostovar et all’s Work (2015) .......................................... 37

  10. Wei’s Work (2007).........................................................38

  11. Kayaoglu’s Work (2012)................................................39 12.

  Nelson et all’s Work (2014)...........................................40

  C. Position of Recent Study .................................................... 41

  CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 43 A. Research Design .............................................................. 43 B. Setting of the Study .......................................................... 44 C. Data and Data Source ....................................................... 46 D. Subject and Object of the Study.........................................47 E. Technique of Collecting Data ........................................... 48 F. Trustworthiness..................................................................55 G. Technique of Analyzing data ............................................ 55 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 59 A. Research Findings ............................................................ 59

  1. Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Female and Male Learners ........................................................................... 59

  2. The Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Learners in Using Vocabulary Learning Strategies .................................................................................... 98

  3. The Effect of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used on

Learners’ Vocabulary Mastery ....................................... 117

  B. Discussion..................................................................119

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ........ 76 A. Conclusion ..................................................................... 129 B. Implication ..................................................................... 131 C. Suggestion ..................................................................... 131

  REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 133 APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 142

  LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Aspects involved in knowing a word by Nation (2000) ................ 13Table 2.2 The indictors of vocabulary ......................................................... 14

  Table 2.3

Schmitt’s (1997) Discovery Strategies ......................................... 18

Table 2.4 Schmitt’s (1997) Consolidation Strategies ................................... 20Table 3.1 Time setting of the study .............................................................. 46Table 3.2 Vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires proposed by Gu and

  Johnson (1996) .............................................................................................. 51

Table 3.3 Readability of vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires ........ 53Table 3.4 Scoring rubric adopted from Anova ............................................. 54Table 4.1 Vocabulary learning strategies used and practices done by female and male learners..............................................................................................97Table 4.2 The different intensity in applying vocabulary learning .............. 113Table 4.3 Pre-test and post-test result of male and female learners ............. 117

  

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Components of data analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman

  (1994)................ ............................................................................................. 56

Figure 4.2 News article read by R4 ............................................................. 95Figure 4.2 Vocabulary list by R2 ................................................................... 52Figure 4.3 Dictionary applications used by learners .................................. 102Figure 4.4 Dictionary books used by learners ........................................... 103Figure 4.5 Note made by learner in practicing meaning oriented-note taking strategies.............................................................................................. .104Figure 4.6 Note made by learner in practicing usage oriented-note taking strategies....................................................................................................... .105Figure 4.7 The fluctuations in the mean score of pre-test and post-test done by female and male learners ......................................................................... 119

  

LIST OF APPENDICES

  Appendix 1 Voca bulary Learning Strategies’ Questionnaires Readability.......84 Appendix 2 Vocabulary Learning Test Readability......................................117 Appendix 3 Female and Male Learners Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaires ’ Results................................................................................. ....150 Appendix 4

  Vocabulary Learning Strategies’ Questionnaires (VLSQ).........151 Appendix 5 Interview Guide for Higher Intermediate Level Learners..........152 Appendix 6 Interview Transcriptions............................................................153

  Vocabulary Learning Test

  Appendix 7 ........................................................... 154 Appendix 8 Vocabulary Knowledge Rating Scale........................................156 Appendix 9 Scoring Rubric for Vocabulary Mastery....................................158 Appendix 10 Pre-Test Score of Female Learners Appendix 11 Pre-Test Score of Male Learners Appendix 12 Post-Test Score of Female Learners Appendix 13 Post-Test Score of Male Learners

  

TABLE OF CONTENT

  TITLE........................................................................................................... i APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ...................................................... ii LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ......................... iii PRONOUNCEMENT ................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. v MOTTO........................................................................................................ vi DEDICATION.............................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ xiii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................... xiv LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xv

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ................................................................... 1

B. Problem Statement ............................................................................ 5

C. Objectives of the Study ..................................................................... 5

D. Significance of the Study ................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................. 8 A. Underlying Theory of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ...................... 8

  1. Vocabulary .................................................................................. 8 a.

  The Definition of Vocabulary ................................................ 8

  b. The Importance of Vocabulary ............................................... 9 c.

  Vocabulary Size ..................................................................... 10 d. The Elements of Vocabulary .................................................. 11

  2. Vocabulary Learning Strategies ................................................... 12

  a. The Definition of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ................. 12

  b. The Importanceof Vocabulary Learning Strategies ................. 15

  c. The Categories of Vocabulary Learning Strategies ................. 17

  3. Factors Affecting Vocabulary Learning and Acquisition .............. 24

  4. Gender Differences in Language Learning ................................... 26 B.

  Previous Studies ................................................................................ 28

  1. Halilah et al ’s Work (2014) ......................................................... 28

  2. Bristi ’s Work (2015) .................................................................... 29

  3. Yazdi and Kafipour ’s Work (2014) .............................................. 30

  4. Noormohamadi and Amirian ’s Work (2015) ................................ 31

  5. Gang ’s Work (2014) .................................................................... 32

  6. Saengpakdeejit ’s Work (2014) ..................................................... 32 7.

  Sener’s Work (2015) .................................................................. 33

  8. Nayan and Krishnasamy ’s Work (2015) ...................................... 34

  9. Ostovar et al’s Work (2015) .................................................................. 35 10.

  Wei’s Work (2007) ...................................................................... 36

  11. Kayaoglu’s Work (2012) ............................................................. 37 12.

  Nelson et al’s Work (2014) .......................................................... 37

  C. Position of Recent Study ................................................................... 38

  CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................... 40 A. Research Design ................................................................................ 40 B. Setting of the Study ........................................................................... 41 C. Data and Data Source ........................................................................ 42 D. Subject and Object of the Study ......................................................... 44 E. Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................ 44 F. Trustworthiness ................................................................................. 51 G. Technique of Analyzing data ............................................................. 51 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .................... 54 A. Research Findings ............................................................................. 54

  1. Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Female and Male Learners . 54

  2. The Similarities and Differences between Female and Male Learners in Using Vocabulary Learning Strategies ............................................... 90 3. The Effect of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used on Learners’ Vocabulary Mastery .......................................................................... 107

  B. Discussion ......................................................................................... 110

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ..... 119 A. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 119 B. Implication ........................................................................................ 121 C. Suggestion ......................................................................................... 121 REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 123 APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 132

  

LIST OF TABLES

  Table 2.1.Aspects involved in knowing a word by Nation (2000) .................. 12 Table 2.2.The indictors of vocabulary ........................................................... 13 Table 2.3.

  Schmitt’s (1997) Discovery Strategies ........................................... 17 Table 2.4.

Schmitt’s (1997) Consolidation Strategies ..................................... 19

  Table 3.1.Time setting of the study ............................................................... 42 Table 3.2.Vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires proposed by Gu and Johnson (1996) ............................................................................................. 48 Table 3.3.Readability of vocabulary learning strategies questionnaires.......... 48 Table 3.4.Scoring rubric adopted from Anova ............................................... 50 Table 4.1.Vocabulary learning strategies used and practices done by female and male learners ................................................................................................. 89 Table 4.2.The different intensity in applying vocabulary learning ................. 104 Table 4.3.Pre-test and post-test result of male and female learners ................ 108