AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF PHYSICAL TERMS INTO INDONESIAN IN THE SCIENCE BOOK âSCIENCE ACTIVITIES HEAT AND ENERGY VOLUME 4â.
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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF
PHYSICAL TERMS INTO INDONESIAN IN THE SCIENCE
BOOK ‘SCIENCE ACTIVITIES HEAT AND ENERGY
VOLUME 4’
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree
at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
University of Sebelas Maret
By
HERMANTO
C0306032
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2013
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MOTTO
‘isy kariman au mut syahidan
Be a good Moslem or die as Syuhada
Hidup mulia atau mati syahid
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DEDICATION
I whole-heartedly dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved family: Incredible Father and Mother, Brothers and Sisters
My Grand mother
My Prospective wife in waiting
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillaahirabbil ’aalamiin wa laa haula wa laa quwwata illaa
billaah. All praises just for Allah SWT, the Almighty who gave me power and
ability to finish this memorable duty in my life, and who also educates me through
His beautiful guidance especially during conducting my study in Sebelas Maret
University to get the best life and love, insyaallah. Shalawat and salam for the
noble prophet Muhammad SAW, the best model of people along period that we
hope his syafa’at in the hereafter.
Eventually, I can complete this thesis after several years struggle in
patience and hard effort. I realize that without help and support from the other
people this thesis will not be finished successfully. Hereby, I would like to give
my deep gratitude to those having given me valuable contribution:
1. My beloved Father and Mother, the incredible parents educating me to be
your shalih child. I thank you all for advices, motivation, support, pray,
and everything you have given to me all the time, particularly dealing with
this thesis. I love you both and I promise to make you happy in this world
and the hereafter life, isyaAllah.
2. The Dean of faculty of Letters and Fine Arts of Sebelas Maret University,
Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M. Ed, Ph. D., for approving this thesis to be
examined.
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3. The Head of English Department of Sebelas Maret University, Drs. Agus
Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph. D. for giving me admission to this thesis to be
examined.
4. My thesis consultant, Ida Kusuma Dewi, S. S., M. A., for her patience in
guiding me to finish this thesis through her concern, support and critical
advices. Jazakumullah khairan katsiran.
5. My raters: Miss. Shinta Dammayanti, Mr. Dion, and Miss. Rizka Yanuarti
for their participation in conducting my thesis.
6. My brothers (Heriyanto, Heru Budi L., and Muh. ‘Ammar Abdurrahim)
and sisters (Sri Hartini and Iffah Zainun Nafisah). Thanks for your pray
and support till I can finish this thesis. I love you all.
7. Ustadz Yusuf Manshur, my religious teacher, thanks for the great advices.
8. Hanif Genang Setyaji and Arya Wardana for their sincerity to help me by
their suggestion, support, and facilities, etc.. Jazakumullah khairan
9. Anita Rusjayanti, Niken Retno, and Cinditya, I thank you all for lending
me your thesis as my reference and for sharing and giving me suggestion
dealing with my thesis that really help me in conducting it.
10. And for those who have given beneficial contribution in my thesis that I
may not be able to mention one by one. Once again, I say thank you for
all.
Surakarta, February 2013
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Hermanto
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL BY THE THESIS SUPERVISOR ............................................. ii
APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................................ iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background........................................................................... 1
B. Research Limitation ............................................................................. 4
C. Research Problems ............................................................................... 5
D. Research Objectives ............................................................................. 5
E. Research Benefits ................................................................................. 5
F. Research Organization ......................................................................... 6
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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation ...................................................................... 9
B. Translation Procedures ......................................................................... 11
C. Difficulties in Translation .................................................................... 11
D. Translation Techniques ........................................................................ 13
E. Translation Quality............................................................................... 25
F. Translation Quality Assessment ........................................................... 28
G. Scientific Language and Technical Language ..................................... 33
H. Scientific and Technical Translation .................................................... 34
I. Definition of Science and Physics ....................................................... 36
J. Scientific Terms Related to Physics ..................................................... 38
K. Category of Terms................................................................................ 39
L. Characteristic of Terms ........................................................................ 40
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Type and Design ................................................................... 42
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................................... 44
C. Sampling Technique............................................................................. 46
D. Method of Data Collection ................................................................... 47
E. Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................. 50
F. Research Procedures ............................................................................ 50
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CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. The Analysis of Translation Techniques.............................................. 52
B. The Analysis of Translation Quality .................................................... 82
C. Discussion ............................................................................................ 94
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 103
B. Recommendation.................................................................................. 105
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 108
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 113
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 The Scale of Translation Accuracy
Table 3.2 The Scale of Translation Acceptability
Table 4.1 The data translated using Borrowing technique
Table 4.2 The data translated using Calque technique
Table 4.3 The data translated using Calque & Borrowing technique
Table 4.4 The data translated using Modulation technique
Table 4.5 The data translated using Description technique
Table 4.6 The data translated using Established equivalent technique
Table 4.7 The data translated using Particularization technique
Table 4.8 The data translated using Linguistic amplification technique
Table 4.9 The data translated using Literal translation technique
Table 4.10 The data translated using Transposition technique
Table 4.11 The data translated using Established equivalent & Borrowing (Pure
borrowing) technique
Table 4.12 The data translated using Established equivalent & Borrowing
(Naturalized borrowing) technique
Table 4.13 The data translated using Literal translation & Borrowing (Naturalized
borrowing) technique
Table 4.14 The Classification of Translation Accuracy
Table 4.15 The Classification of Translation Acceptability
Table 4.16 The Influence of Translation Technique to Translation Quality
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ABSTRACT
Hermanto. C0306032. An Analysis of Translation Techniques of Physical
Terms into Indonesian in the Science Book ‘Science Activities Heat and
Energy Volume 4’. Thesis: English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts. Sebelas Maret University. 2013
This research focuses on the analysis of physical terms translation in the
science book entitled ‘Science Activities Heat and Energy Volume 4’. The
purposes of this research are (1) to find out the types of translation techniques
applied by the translator in translating the physical terms, (2) to describe how the
translation techniques influence the translation quality in terms of accuracy and
acceptability.
This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. A purposive
sampling technique was employed in this research to analyze the data based on
the researcher’s criteria. The data are all physical terms found in the science book
‘Science Activities Heat and Energy Volume 4’. The total data of the physical
terms found are 151 data. The other data were taken from a close and open-ended
questionnaires assessed by three raters.
The analysis on the translation techniques shows that there are thirteen
types of techniques applied by translator in translating the physical terms in the
science book ‘Science Activities Heat and Energy Volume 4’. They are borrowing
48 data (31.79 %), calque 1 datum (0.66 %), calque & borrowing 3 data (1.99 %),
modulation 1 datum (0.66 %), description 2 data (1.32 %), established equivalent
59 data (39.07 %), particularization 1 datum (0.66 %), linguistic amplification 1
datum (0.66 %), literal translation 9 data (5.96 %), transposition 3 data (1.99 %),
established equivalent & borrowing (pure borrowing) 1 datum (0.66 %),
established equivalent & borrowing (naturalized borrowing) 2 data (1.32 %),
literal translation & borrowing (naturalized borrowing) 20 data (13.25 %).
The analysis on the translation accuracy shows that 131 data (86.75 %)
from the total data are accurate, 20 data (13.25 %) are less accurate and no datum
is inaccurate. The analysis on the translation acceptability shows that 141 data
(93.38 %) are acceptable, 10 data (6.62 %) are less acceptable and no datum is
unacceptable.
The techniques resulting translation with high level of accuracy are
established equivalent & borrowing and the technique resulting translation with
low level of accuracy is transposition. The techniques resulting translation with
high level acceptability are established equivalent and borrowing, and the
technique resulting translation with low level acceptability is literal translation &
borrowing (naturalized borrowing).
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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF
PHYSICAL TERMS INTO INDONESIAN IN THE SCIENCE
BOOK ‘SCIENCE ACTIVITIES HEAT AND ENERGY
VOLUME 4’
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Sarjana Degree
at English Department of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
University of Sebelas Maret
By
HERMANTO
C0306032
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
UNIVERSITY OF SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2013
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MOTTO
‘isy kariman au mut syahidan
Be a good Moslem or die as Syuhada
Hidup mulia atau mati syahid
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v
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DEDICATION
I whole-heartedly dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved family: Incredible Father and Mother, Brothers and Sisters
My Grand mother
My Prospective wife in waiting
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillaahirabbil ’aalamiin wa laa haula wa laa quwwata illaa
billaah. All praises just for Allah SWT, the Almighty who gave me power and
ability to finish this memorable duty in my life, and who also educates me through
His beautiful guidance especially during conducting my study in Sebelas Maret
University to get the best life and love, insyaallah. Shalawat and salam for the
noble prophet Muhammad SAW, the best model of people along period that we
hope his syafa’at in the hereafter.
Eventually, I can complete this thesis after several years struggle in
patience and hard effort. I realize that without help and support from the other
people this thesis will not be finished successfully. Hereby, I would like to give
my deep gratitude to those having given me valuable contribution:
1. My beloved Father and Mother, the incredible parents educating me to be
your shalih child. I thank you all for advices, motivation, support, pray,
and everything you have given to me all the time, particularly dealing with
this thesis. I love you both and I promise to make you happy in this world
and the hereafter life, isyaAllah.
2. The Dean of faculty of Letters and Fine Arts of Sebelas Maret University,
Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M. Ed, Ph. D., for approving this thesis to be
examined.
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
3. The Head of English Department of Sebelas Maret University, Drs. Agus
Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph. D. for giving me admission to this thesis to be
examined.
4. My thesis consultant, Ida Kusuma Dewi, S. S., M. A., for her patience in
guiding me to finish this thesis through her concern, support and critical
advices. Jazakumullah khairan katsiran.
5. My raters: Miss. Shinta Dammayanti, Mr. Dion, and Miss. Rizka Yanuarti
for their participation in conducting my thesis.
6. My brothers (Heriyanto, Heru Budi L., and Muh. ‘Ammar Abdurrahim)
and sisters (Sri Hartini and Iffah Zainun Nafisah). Thanks for your pray
and support till I can finish this thesis. I love you all.
7. Ustadz Yusuf Manshur, my religious teacher, thanks for the great advices.
8. Hanif Genang Setyaji and Arya Wardana for their sincerity to help me by
their suggestion, support, and facilities, etc.. Jazakumullah khairan
9. Anita Rusjayanti, Niken Retno, and Cinditya, I thank you all for lending
me your thesis as my reference and for sharing and giving me suggestion
dealing with my thesis that really help me in conducting it.
10. And for those who have given beneficial contribution in my thesis that I
may not be able to mention one by one. Once again, I say thank you for
all.
Surakarta, February 2013
commit to user
viii
Hermanto
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL BY THE THESIS SUPERVISOR ............................................. ii
APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................................ iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background........................................................................... 1
B. Research Limitation ............................................................................. 4
C. Research Problems ............................................................................... 5
D. Research Objectives ............................................................................. 5
E. Research Benefits ................................................................................. 5
F. Research Organization ......................................................................... 6
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CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation ...................................................................... 9
B. Translation Procedures ......................................................................... 11
C. Difficulties in Translation .................................................................... 11
D. Translation Techniques ........................................................................ 13
E. Translation Quality............................................................................... 25
F. Translation Quality Assessment ........................................................... 28
G. Scientific Language and Technical Language ..................................... 33
H. Scientific and Technical Translation .................................................... 34
I. Definition of Science and Physics ....................................................... 36
J. Scientific Terms Related to Physics ..................................................... 38
K. Category of Terms................................................................................ 39
L. Characteristic of Terms ........................................................................ 40
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Type and Design ................................................................... 42
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................................... 44
C. Sampling Technique............................................................................. 46
D. Method of Data Collection ................................................................... 47
E. Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................. 50
F. Research Procedures ............................................................................ 50
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CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. The Analysis of Translation Techniques.............................................. 52
B. The Analysis of Translation Quality .................................................... 82
C. Discussion ............................................................................................ 94
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 103
B. Recommendation.................................................................................. 105
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 108
APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 113
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 The Scale of Translation Accuracy
Table 3.2 The Scale of Translation Acceptability
Table 4.1 The data translated using Borrowing technique
Table 4.2 The data translated using Calque technique
Table 4.3 The data translated using Calque & Borrowing technique
Table 4.4 The data translated using Modulation technique
Table 4.5 The data translated using Description technique
Table 4.6 The data translated using Established equivalent technique
Table 4.7 The data translated using Particularization technique
Table 4.8 The data translated using Linguistic amplification technique
Table 4.9 The data translated using Literal translation technique
Table 4.10 The data translated using Transposition technique
Table 4.11 The data translated using Established equivalent & Borrowing (Pure
borrowing) technique
Table 4.12 The data translated using Established equivalent & Borrowing
(Naturalized borrowing) technique
Table 4.13 The data translated using Literal translation & Borrowing (Naturalized
borrowing) technique
Table 4.14 The Classification of Translation Accuracy
Table 4.15 The Classification of Translation Acceptability
Table 4.16 The Influence of Translation Technique to Translation Quality
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ABSTRACT
Hermanto. C0306032. An Analysis of Translation Techniques of Physical
Terms into Indonesian in the Science Book ‘Science Activities Heat and
Energy Volume 4’. Thesis: English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine
Arts. Sebelas Maret University. 2013
This research focuses on the analysis of physical terms translation in the
science book entitled ‘Science Activities Heat and Energy Volume 4’. The
purposes of this research are (1) to find out the types of translation techniques
applied by the translator in translating the physical terms, (2) to describe how the
translation techniques influence the translation quality in terms of accuracy and
acceptability.
This research applied a descriptive qualitative method. A purposive
sampling technique was employed in this research to analyze the data based on
the researcher’s criteria. The data are all physical terms found in the science book
‘Science Activities Heat and Energy Volume 4’. The total data of the physical
terms found are 151 data. The other data were taken from a close and open-ended
questionnaires assessed by three raters.
The analysis on the translation techniques shows that there are thirteen
types of techniques applied by translator in translating the physical terms in the
science book ‘Science Activities Heat and Energy Volume 4’. They are borrowing
48 data (31.79 %), calque 1 datum (0.66 %), calque & borrowing 3 data (1.99 %),
modulation 1 datum (0.66 %), description 2 data (1.32 %), established equivalent
59 data (39.07 %), particularization 1 datum (0.66 %), linguistic amplification 1
datum (0.66 %), literal translation 9 data (5.96 %), transposition 3 data (1.99 %),
established equivalent & borrowing (pure borrowing) 1 datum (0.66 %),
established equivalent & borrowing (naturalized borrowing) 2 data (1.32 %),
literal translation & borrowing (naturalized borrowing) 20 data (13.25 %).
The analysis on the translation accuracy shows that 131 data (86.75 %)
from the total data are accurate, 20 data (13.25 %) are less accurate and no datum
is inaccurate. The analysis on the translation acceptability shows that 141 data
(93.38 %) are acceptable, 10 data (6.62 %) are less acceptable and no datum is
unacceptable.
The techniques resulting translation with high level of accuracy are
established equivalent & borrowing and the technique resulting translation with
low level of accuracy is transposition. The techniques resulting translation with
high level acceptability are established equivalent and borrowing, and the
technique resulting translation with low level acceptability is literal translation &
borrowing (naturalized borrowing).
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