THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VISUAL NOVEL TO TEACH WRITING VIEWED FROM STUDENTSâ CREATIVITY(An Experimental Study at the Seventh Grade Students of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2013/2014).
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VISUAL NOVEL TO TEACH WRITING
VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY
(An Experimental Study at the Seventh Grade Students of SMP Al-Islam I
Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)
A THESIS
Written by:
NOVITA AL IHYAK DIENI
NIM: S891302032
Written as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Graduate Education
Degree of English Language Teaching
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE PROGRAM
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
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ABSTRACT
Novita Al Ihyak Dieni, S891302032. 2014. The Effectiveness of Visual Novel to
Teach Writing Viewed from Students’ Creativity (An Experimental Study at the
Seventh Grade Students of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta in the Academic Year of
2013/2014). First Consultant: Prof. Dr. Samiati Tarjana. Second Consultant: Dr.
Ngadiso, M. Pd. Thesis. Surakarta. English Education Department. Graduate
School. Sebelas Maret University.
This research aims at finding out whether: (1) Visual Novel is more
effective than Picture Slides in teaching writing to the seventh grade students of
SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta; (2) the seventh grade students of SMP Al-Islam I
Surakarta having high creativity have better writing skill than those having low
creativity; and (3) there is interaction between teaching media and students’
creativity to teach writing.
The method applied in this research was experimental research. The
research was conducted at SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta in the academic year of
2013/2014. The population of the research is the seventh grade students from
regular classes of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta. Two samples were taken by using
cluster random sampling. The class VIIC was used as the experimental class and
class VIIG as the control class. Each of classes consists of 36 students. In
collecting the data, several steps were applied: (1) giving creativity test to know
student’s level of creativity; (2) conducting teaching media to the students; (3)
carrying out post-test; and (4) analysing the students’ writing skills. The data were
obtained from creativity test and writing test. Furthermore, to analyse the data, the
researcher applied descriptive and inferential statistics using ANOVA and Tukey
test.
The result of the research finding leads to the conclusions that: (1) the
students who are taught using Visual Novel have same writing skills with those
who are taught using Picture Slides. In other word, the use of Visual Novel is as
effective as Picture Slides; (2) the students who have high creativity have better
writing skill than those who have low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction
between teaching media and students’ creativity in teaching writing for the
seventh grade of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
Finally, the results of this research imply that in teaching writing, the
teacher should make the students accustom to writing. The right decisions of
teacher in teaching writing are important. The teacher must be wise to select
effective media and the material itself. Visual Novel and Picture Slides have been
proven to be an effective media in improving students’ writing skill. An effective
media can be used to help the students to focus on the lesson. It’s because
teaching media also influences the students’ creativity in teaching writing. Thus, it
is recommended that in order to get maximum result and effect on students’
writing skills, teacher are suggested to be more innovative in using various
teaching media. For other researchers, it is hoped that these research findings can
be used as a reference for future researches. Moreover other researchers may
conduct researchers viewed from other psychological aspects.
user creativity, experimental study
Keywords: writing, Visual Novel,commit
PicturetoSlides,
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
The end is a beginning. When there is something ended, there is something begun. This thesis is
not the end, but it is the beginning of a better future.
(Novita Al Ihyak Dieni – June 2014)
commit to user
vi
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digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
With deep profound love, this thesis is devoted to:
My parents: Bapak Hikmat Yasin and Ibu Nendartik. Without your love,
prayers, and support I would not be the person I am today.
My brothers: Win Kausyar Wanrantau, Fazar Syukri Nugroho, and Arif
Furqan Wantuah. Thanks for being great role models and inspirations.
My sister: Ipak Ayu Hidayatullah Nurcahya. Thanks for your prayers and
support.
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. Praise be to ALLAH SWT for His blessing
that the researcher can accomplish this thesis. In addition, this thesis can never be
accomplished without the help of others during the process of writing. Therefore,
she would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University.
2. The Head of the English Education Department of Graduate Program.
3. Prof. Dr. Samiati Tarjana, the first consultant, for all her guidance, advice, and
encouragement during completion of this thesis.
4. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd., the second consultant, for his guidance, advice, and
encouragement during the writing process of this thesis.
5. The Headmaster of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
6. All teachers, especially English teachers of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
7. Seventh grade students of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
8. Mr. SF. Lukfianka Sanjaya Purnama, the Visual Novel maker, for his helping
in accomplishing the thesis.
The researcher hopes and accepts gratefully every comment and suggestion.
Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the readers.
Surakarta, July 2014.
commit to user
viii
Novita Al Ihyak Dieni
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………..
APPROVAL PAGE……………………………………………………....
LEGITIMATION…………………………………………………………
PRONOUNCEMENT…………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………........
MOTTO…………………………………………………………………...
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………..
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………..
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………...
LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………….
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ix
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CHAPTER I
1
1
6
7
7
8
8
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION………………………………………
A. Background of the Study………………...………….
B. Problem Identification………………….....................
C. Problem Limitation……………………………….….
D. Formulation of the Problems……...…………………
E. Objective of the Study………………………..……...
F. Significances of the Study……………..……….……
LITERATURE REVIEW….…….…………………..
A. Theoretical Description………..……………………
1. The Nature of Writing……………….………….
a. Definition of Writing...…………..……….....
b. Definition of Writing Skill….......……...……
c. Writing Process………………………….….
d. Writing Purposes….……………...................
e. The Criteria of a Good Writing……..………
f. Difficulties in Writing……………………….
2. Teaching Writing.................................................
a. Definition of Teaching Writing.....................
b. Procedures of Teaching Writing....................
c. The Importance of Writing in Language
Learning........................................................
d. Process of Writing.........................................
e. Assessment of Writing……….…………….
3. Visual Novel........................................................
a. Definition of Visual Novel............................
b. Visual Novel Framework..............................
c. Teaching Writing Using Visual Novel..........
d. The
strengths
and Weaknesses of Visual
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Novel..............................................................
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4.
CHAPTER III
Picture Slides........................................................
a. Definition of Picture Slides............................
b. Picture Slides Framework..............................
c. Teaching Writing Using Picture Slides.........
d. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Picture
Slides.............................................................
5. Creativity............................................................
a. The Nature of Creativity..............................
b. The Implementation in the Classroom to
Develop Students’ Creativity.......................
B. Review of Related Studies.......................…………..
C. Rationale……………………………………………..
D. The Research Hypotheses…………...………………
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37
38
39
THE RESEARCH METHOD………...………………
A. The Setting of the Study ………....………………..
B. The Research Method…………...……….………...
C. The Subject of the Study………..…..............……..
D. Technique of Collecting the Data………….…..…..
1. Writing Test........................................................
2. Creativity Test.....................................................
E. Technique of Analyzing the Data…………….……
1. Pre-requisite test.....……………….....………...
a. Normality.....................................................
b. Homogeneity................................................
2. Hypotheses testing…………………………….
a) ANOVA test……………………………….
b) Tukey test…………………………….…….
F. Statistical Hypotheses……………………………..
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RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………
A. The Implementation of the Research…………………
B. Data Description…………………………………….
C. Data Analysis………………………………………..
1. Normality………………………………............
2. Homogeneity….……………………………......
D. Hypothesis Testing ………………………………….
1. ANOVA………………………………………….
2. Tukey Test………………………………………..
E. The Discussion of the Finding………………………...
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND
SUGGESTION…………………………………………….
A. Conclusion………………………………….................
B. Implication and Suggestion..………………………….
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….......
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APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….
CHAPTER IV
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 2.6
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.7
Table 3.8
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 4.6
Table 4.7
Table 4.8
Table 4.9
Table 4.10
Table 4.11
Table 4.12
Table 4.13
Table 4.14
Construct of Indicators……...…………………………………………..
Scoring Rubric of Writing Test...……………………………………….
The Scoring Distribution of Writing Test………………………………
Blue Print of Writing Test…………………..…………………………..
Table of Contrast………………………………………………………..
Table of Construct of Indicators in Creativity………………………….
Schedule of the Research……………………………………………….
Factorial Design……………………….………………………………..
Readability Questions…………………………………………………..
The Formula of Counting the Data of Readability ……………………..
The Example of Questionnaire ….……………………………………...
Blueprint of Creativity…………………………………………………..
Factorial Design 2 X 2…………………………………………………..
The result of ANOVA…………………………………………………..
The summaries of the teaching process…………………………………
Frequency Distribution of Data A1……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A2……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data B1……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data B2……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A1B1…………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A1B2…………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A2B1…………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A2B2…………………………………...
Summary of Normality Test…………………………………………….
Summary of Homogeneity test………………………………………….
Summary of total Mean of Scores………………………………………
Summary of Multifactor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 2X2………..
Summary of Tukey HSD Test…………………………………………..
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
The beginning of Visual Novel……………………………………...
The illustration of writing process in Visual Novel…………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data A1……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data A2……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data B1……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data B2……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1……………………………………………….
Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1……………………………………………….
Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1……………………………………………….
Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B2……………………………………………….
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1.1
Appendix 1.2
Appendix 1.3
Appendix 2.1
Appendix 2.2
Appendix 2.3
Appendix 3.1
Appendix 3.2
Appendix 4.1
Appendix 4.2
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Appendix 14
Appendix 15
Appendix 16
Appendix 17
Appendix 18
Appendix 19
Appendix 20
Syllabus……………………………………………………..
Lesson Plan of Visual Novel………………………………..
Lesson Plan of Picture Slides………………………………..
Instrument of writing test……………………………………
Readability of writing instrument…………………………...
Result of writing instrument readability…………………….
Instrument of creativity test………………………………….
Scoring rubric of creativity test……………………………..
Readability of Creativity Instrument………………………..
Result of creativity instrument readability………………….
Result of creativity test in experimental class……………....
Result of creativity test in control class……………………..
Post-Test writing scores taught by Visual Novel……………
Post-Test writing scores taught by Picture Slides…………...
Descriptive Statistics………………………………………...
Normality…………………………………………………….
Homogeneity………………………………………………...
ANOVA 2X2 Multifactor Analysis Variance……………….
The Result of Tukey Test……………………………………
Table of the Standard Normal Distribution…………………
Table of Critical Values for the Liliefors (Normality Test)…
Table of the Chi Square Distribution (Homogeneity)……….
Table of Critical Values for F Distribution (ANOVA test)
@0.05………………………………………………………...
Table of Critical Values for Tukey test @0.05………………
Students’ Worksheets………………………………………..
Letter of Research……………………………………………
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VISUAL NOVEL TO TEACH WRITING
VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY
(An Experimental Study at the Seventh Grade Students of SMP Al-Islam I
Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)
A THESIS
Written by:
NOVITA AL IHYAK DIENI
NIM: S891302032
Written as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Graduate Education
Degree of English Language Teaching
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE PROGRAM
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
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to user
2014
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ABSTRACT
Novita Al Ihyak Dieni, S891302032. 2014. The Effectiveness of Visual Novel to
Teach Writing Viewed from Students’ Creativity (An Experimental Study at the
Seventh Grade Students of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta in the Academic Year of
2013/2014). First Consultant: Prof. Dr. Samiati Tarjana. Second Consultant: Dr.
Ngadiso, M. Pd. Thesis. Surakarta. English Education Department. Graduate
School. Sebelas Maret University.
This research aims at finding out whether: (1) Visual Novel is more
effective than Picture Slides in teaching writing to the seventh grade students of
SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta; (2) the seventh grade students of SMP Al-Islam I
Surakarta having high creativity have better writing skill than those having low
creativity; and (3) there is interaction between teaching media and students’
creativity to teach writing.
The method applied in this research was experimental research. The
research was conducted at SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta in the academic year of
2013/2014. The population of the research is the seventh grade students from
regular classes of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta. Two samples were taken by using
cluster random sampling. The class VIIC was used as the experimental class and
class VIIG as the control class. Each of classes consists of 36 students. In
collecting the data, several steps were applied: (1) giving creativity test to know
student’s level of creativity; (2) conducting teaching media to the students; (3)
carrying out post-test; and (4) analysing the students’ writing skills. The data were
obtained from creativity test and writing test. Furthermore, to analyse the data, the
researcher applied descriptive and inferential statistics using ANOVA and Tukey
test.
The result of the research finding leads to the conclusions that: (1) the
students who are taught using Visual Novel have same writing skills with those
who are taught using Picture Slides. In other word, the use of Visual Novel is as
effective as Picture Slides; (2) the students who have high creativity have better
writing skill than those who have low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction
between teaching media and students’ creativity in teaching writing for the
seventh grade of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
Finally, the results of this research imply that in teaching writing, the
teacher should make the students accustom to writing. The right decisions of
teacher in teaching writing are important. The teacher must be wise to select
effective media and the material itself. Visual Novel and Picture Slides have been
proven to be an effective media in improving students’ writing skill. An effective
media can be used to help the students to focus on the lesson. It’s because
teaching media also influences the students’ creativity in teaching writing. Thus, it
is recommended that in order to get maximum result and effect on students’
writing skills, teacher are suggested to be more innovative in using various
teaching media. For other researchers, it is hoped that these research findings can
be used as a reference for future researches. Moreover other researchers may
conduct researchers viewed from other psychological aspects.
user creativity, experimental study
Keywords: writing, Visual Novel,commit
PicturetoSlides,
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
The end is a beginning. When there is something ended, there is something begun. This thesis is
not the end, but it is the beginning of a better future.
(Novita Al Ihyak Dieni – June 2014)
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
With deep profound love, this thesis is devoted to:
My parents: Bapak Hikmat Yasin and Ibu Nendartik. Without your love,
prayers, and support I would not be the person I am today.
My brothers: Win Kausyar Wanrantau, Fazar Syukri Nugroho, and Arif
Furqan Wantuah. Thanks for being great role models and inspirations.
My sister: Ipak Ayu Hidayatullah Nurcahya. Thanks for your prayers and
support.
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. Praise be to ALLAH SWT for His blessing
that the researcher can accomplish this thesis. In addition, this thesis can never be
accomplished without the help of others during the process of writing. Therefore,
she would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University.
2. The Head of the English Education Department of Graduate Program.
3. Prof. Dr. Samiati Tarjana, the first consultant, for all her guidance, advice, and
encouragement during completion of this thesis.
4. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd., the second consultant, for his guidance, advice, and
encouragement during the writing process of this thesis.
5. The Headmaster of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
6. All teachers, especially English teachers of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
7. Seventh grade students of SMP Al-Islam I Surakarta.
8. Mr. SF. Lukfianka Sanjaya Purnama, the Visual Novel maker, for his helping
in accomplishing the thesis.
The researcher hopes and accepts gratefully every comment and suggestion.
Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the readers.
Surakarta, July 2014.
commit to user
viii
Novita Al Ihyak Dieni
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………..
APPROVAL PAGE……………………………………………………....
LEGITIMATION…………………………………………………………
PRONOUNCEMENT…………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………........
MOTTO…………………………………………………………………...
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………..
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………..
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………...
LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………….
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
xi
xii
xiii
CHAPTER I
1
1
6
7
7
8
8
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION………………………………………
A. Background of the Study………………...………….
B. Problem Identification………………….....................
C. Problem Limitation……………………………….….
D. Formulation of the Problems……...…………………
E. Objective of the Study………………………..……...
F. Significances of the Study……………..……….……
LITERATURE REVIEW….…….…………………..
A. Theoretical Description………..……………………
1. The Nature of Writing……………….………….
a. Definition of Writing...…………..……….....
b. Definition of Writing Skill….......……...……
c. Writing Process………………………….….
d. Writing Purposes….……………...................
e. The Criteria of a Good Writing……..………
f. Difficulties in Writing……………………….
2. Teaching Writing.................................................
a. Definition of Teaching Writing.....................
b. Procedures of Teaching Writing....................
c. The Importance of Writing in Language
Learning........................................................
d. Process of Writing.........................................
e. Assessment of Writing……….…………….
3. Visual Novel........................................................
a. Definition of Visual Novel............................
b. Visual Novel Framework..............................
c. Teaching Writing Using Visual Novel..........
d. The
strengths
and Weaknesses of Visual
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Novel..............................................................
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4.
CHAPTER III
Picture Slides........................................................
a. Definition of Picture Slides............................
b. Picture Slides Framework..............................
c. Teaching Writing Using Picture Slides.........
d. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Picture
Slides.............................................................
5. Creativity............................................................
a. The Nature of Creativity..............................
b. The Implementation in the Classroom to
Develop Students’ Creativity.......................
B. Review of Related Studies.......................…………..
C. Rationale……………………………………………..
D. The Research Hypotheses…………...………………
37
37
38
39
THE RESEARCH METHOD………...………………
A. The Setting of the Study ………....………………..
B. The Research Method…………...……….………...
C. The Subject of the Study………..…..............……..
D. Technique of Collecting the Data………….…..…..
1. Writing Test........................................................
2. Creativity Test.....................................................
E. Technique of Analyzing the Data…………….……
1. Pre-requisite test.....……………….....………...
a. Normality.....................................................
b. Homogeneity................................................
2. Hypotheses testing…………………………….
a) ANOVA test……………………………….
b) Tukey test…………………………….…….
F. Statistical Hypotheses……………………………..
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62
63
63
63
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65
65
68
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RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………
A. The Implementation of the Research…………………
B. Data Description…………………………………….
C. Data Analysis………………………………………..
1. Normality………………………………............
2. Homogeneity….……………………………......
D. Hypothesis Testing ………………………………….
1. ANOVA………………………………………….
2. Tukey Test………………………………………..
E. The Discussion of the Finding………………………...
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND
SUGGESTION…………………………………………….
A. Conclusion………………………………….................
B. Implication and Suggestion..………………………….
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….......
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APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….
CHAPTER IV
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Table 2.6
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.7
Table 3.8
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 4.6
Table 4.7
Table 4.8
Table 4.9
Table 4.10
Table 4.11
Table 4.12
Table 4.13
Table 4.14
Construct of Indicators……...…………………………………………..
Scoring Rubric of Writing Test...……………………………………….
The Scoring Distribution of Writing Test………………………………
Blue Print of Writing Test…………………..…………………………..
Table of Contrast………………………………………………………..
Table of Construct of Indicators in Creativity………………………….
Schedule of the Research……………………………………………….
Factorial Design……………………….………………………………..
Readability Questions…………………………………………………..
The Formula of Counting the Data of Readability ……………………..
The Example of Questionnaire ….……………………………………...
Blueprint of Creativity…………………………………………………..
Factorial Design 2 X 2…………………………………………………..
The result of ANOVA…………………………………………………..
The summaries of the teaching process…………………………………
Frequency Distribution of Data A1……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A2……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data B1……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data B2……………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A1B1…………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A1B2…………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A2B1…………………………………...
Frequency Distribution of Data A2B2…………………………………...
Summary of Normality Test…………………………………………….
Summary of Homogeneity test………………………………………….
Summary of total Mean of Scores………………………………………
Summary of Multifactor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 2X2………..
Summary of Tukey HSD Test…………………………………………..
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
The beginning of Visual Novel……………………………………...
The illustration of writing process in Visual Novel…………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data A1……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data A2……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data B1……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data B2……………………………………………………
Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1……………………………………………….
Histogram and Polygon of Data A1B1……………………………………………….
Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B1……………………………………………….
Histogram and Polygon of Data A2B2……………………………………………….
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1.1
Appendix 1.2
Appendix 1.3
Appendix 2.1
Appendix 2.2
Appendix 2.3
Appendix 3.1
Appendix 3.2
Appendix 4.1
Appendix 4.2
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Appendix 14
Appendix 15
Appendix 16
Appendix 17
Appendix 18
Appendix 19
Appendix 20
Syllabus……………………………………………………..
Lesson Plan of Visual Novel………………………………..
Lesson Plan of Picture Slides………………………………..
Instrument of writing test……………………………………
Readability of writing instrument…………………………...
Result of writing instrument readability…………………….
Instrument of creativity test………………………………….
Scoring rubric of creativity test……………………………..
Readability of Creativity Instrument………………………..
Result of creativity instrument readability………………….
Result of creativity test in experimental class……………....
Result of creativity test in control class……………………..
Post-Test writing scores taught by Visual Novel……………
Post-Test writing scores taught by Picture Slides…………...
Descriptive Statistics………………………………………...
Normality…………………………………………………….
Homogeneity………………………………………………...
ANOVA 2X2 Multifactor Analysis Variance……………….
The Result of Tukey Test……………………………………
Table of the Standard Normal Distribution…………………
Table of Critical Values for the Liliefors (Normality Test)…
Table of the Chi Square Distribution (Homogeneity)……….
Table of Critical Values for F Distribution (ANOVA test)
@0.05………………………………………………………...
Table of Critical Values for Tukey test @0.05………………
Students’ Worksheets………………………………………..
Letter of Research……………………………………………
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