B2.7-Development Renewable Energy-Challenge and Opportunities
Unggul Priyanto
Deputy Chairman for Technology of Information, Energy, and
Materials
The Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology
1
Republic of Indonesia
• Introduction
• Geothermal
• Smart Micro Grid for renewable energy
2
3
54 TWh
21 TWh
IB : 10,2%
28 TWh
11 TWh
IT : 10,6%
252 TWh
115 TWh
JB : 8,97%
2010
2019
Interconnected Systems
• Two of main islands have own interconnected systems
• The rests are:
– Clusters of service areas with main grids, including remote off-grid distributed systems (Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, Papua)
– Small islands: clusters of grids mainly of diesel systems, off-grid distributed systems
Category :
NAD
90,85%
> 60 %
Kepri
44,45%
Sumut
79,05%
Kalteng
57,07%
Riau
58,66%
Gorontalo
46,79%
Kalbar
58,34%
Sulbar
60,85%
Jakarta
100%
Bengkulu
61,11%
Lampung
61,25%
Banten
67,29%
Jabar
69,04%
Jateng
70,42%
Kalsel
70,53%
DIY
75,70%
Sultra
47,11%
Bali
70,87%
Jatim
65,54%
Sumber: DJK (2011)
2005
2006
62%
63%
2007
2008
NTB
31,20%
2009
Maluku
72,62%
Sulsel
65,93%
Papua
31,61%
NTT
29,10%
REALISASI (Tahun)
Rasio
Elektrif ikasi
20 - 40 %
Malut
63,84%
Sulteng
56,04%
Babel
68,73%
Jambi
75,71%
Sulut
65,84%
Papua Barat
41,87%
Sumsel
56,39%
Sumbar
71,13%
41 - 60 %
Kaltim
65,25%
RENCANA (Tahun)
2010
2011
2012
2013
64,3% 65,1% 65,8% 67,2% 70,4% 73,6% 76,8%
2014
80,0%
RE
3%
ENERGY
MIX
GAS
21%
OIL
42%
PRESIDENT DECREE
5/2006
BIOENERGY
5%
RE
17%
GAS
30%
COAL
34%
3298
Mill. BOE
OIL
20%
COAL
33%
3200
Mill.BOE
3,1%
2419
Mill. BOE
RE
17%
34,6%
COAL
1649
Mill. BOE
1176
Mill. BOE
20,6%
GAS
RE
COAL
5,03%
23,91 %
GAS
24,29%
OIL
46,77%
2011
Note: 1 TOE = 7,33 BOE
30%
41,7%
OIL
20%
2015
2020
2025
ENERGY
DIVERSIFICATION
33%
Bio-fuel 5 %
Batubara 33 %
Geothermal 5 %
EBT
17 %
Gas 30 %
BBM
20 %
Biomassa, Nuklir,
Air, Surya, Angin 5 %
Coal Liquefaction 2 %
Target kontribusi tenaga surya tahun 2025 : 0,2-0,3% ≈ 0,8-1,0 GW
Rata – rata kebutuhan instalasi PLTS
: 65 MW/thn
9
PLTP LAHENDONG: 80 MW
DISTRIBUTION OF
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
IN INDONESIA
PLTP SIBAYAK: 10 MW
PLTP ULUBELU: 110MW
PLTP WAYANG WINDU: 227 MW
PLTP GUNUNG SALAK: 377 MW
PLTP KAMOJANG: 200 MW
PLTP MATALOKO: 2 MW
PLTP DARAJAT: 270 MW
PLTP DIENG: 60 MW
No.
Island
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sumatera
Jawa
Bali
Nusa Tenggara
Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Maluku
Papua
Total
No. Of
Locations
86
71
5
22
12
56
30
3
285
Potencial
Installed Capacity
Resources (MW)
(MW)
13.470
120
9.717
1.134
296
1.471
7
145
2.939
80
1.051
75
29.215
1.341
PLTP ULUMBU: 5 MW
Source: Geological Agency (2011)
Note:
Preliminary Survey
Ready for Delopment
Detailed Survey
Existing PLTP
2006
852 MW
2008
2012
2016
2020
2025
2000 MW
3442 MW
4600 MW
6000 MW
9500 MW
(Target)
1148 MW
Existing GWA
1442 MW
Existing GWA
1158 MW
Existing GWA
+ New GWA
1400 MW
New GWA
3500 MW
New GWA
1341 MW
CURRENT PROGRESS
6151 MW
Plus 2nd Crash Program Scenario
(4925 MW)
• ALL power plants use foreign technology.
• BPPT is appointed by the Government to develop national technology, in
cooperation with local industries.
1. Overlapping between geothermal working areas and
protection/conservation forest at least 30% of
geothermal resources are located in the conservation
forest.
2. Lack of exploration data bidding by the goverment only
provides geological, geophysical and geochemical data.
3. Price of geothermal energy is not competitif insufficient
fiscal policy, limited funding & incentive mechanism, high
investment cost, very high technical risk.
4. Geothermal market is very narrow PLN as a Single
Buyer.
5. Uncertainty in the legal aspect.
6. Lack of human resources.
7. Social problems.
1. TECHNICAL RISK:
• Resource risk possibility of not finding sufficient geothermal
resources for commercial use.
• Operational risk drilling success ratio, well productivity.
• Technological risk.
• Construction risk land acquisition for steam field and power
plant.
2. NON-TECHNICAL RISK:
• Market access and price risk market/price fluctuation.
• Legal and regulatory risk the certainty of government policy
and regulation.
• Exchange rate and inflation risk.
1. Improving and harmonizing regulations in
geothermal business, including a revision of the
Geothermal Law to allow the geothermal
development in conservation forest.
2. Pricing regulation with comprehensive
treatment.
3. Fiscal incentives for geothermal development.
LOCAL CONTENT REGULATION
FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
(Industrial Minister Regulation No. 54/2012)
CAPACITY
5 MW
> 5 MW - 10 MW
>10 MW - 60 MW
> 60 MW - 110 MW
> 110 MW
EQUIPMENT*
31,30%
21,00%
15,70%
16,30%
16,00%
LOCAL CONTENT
SERVICE**
COMBINATION
89,18%
42,00%
82,30%
40,45%
74,10%
33,24%
60,10%
29,21%
58,40%
28,95%
*) Equipment :
Equipment consists of steam turbine, boiler, generator, electrical, instrument and
control, balance of plant and/or civil and steel structure.
**) Service :
Consultancy service (feasibility study), integrated construction service (engineering,
procurement, and construction), inspection, test, certification and/or supporting
services.
1.
It is a national priority program stated in the Presidential Regulation
No. 05/2010 regarding the National Medium-Term Development Plan
2010 – 2014.
2.
Output :
a) Condensing Turbine Technology of 3 MW GeoPP.
Ready for operation in Kamojang Geothermal Field
b) Binary Cycle Technology of 100 kW GeoPP.
Under construction in Wayang Windu Field
TARGET
1. To substitute the use of fossil fuel based diesel power generations.
2. To accelerate the development small scale geothermal power
plants by domestic human resources and national industries.
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
Vacuum
Pump
Demister
PT.BBI
Generator
Jet
Ejector
PT.PINDAD
PT.BBI
ACW
Pump
Cooling Tower
PT.TGE
PT.HAMON
Turbin
PT.NTP
Production
Well KMJ-68
PT.TGE
Condenser
After
Condenser
PT.BBI
PT.BBI
PT.PGE
Hot Well Pump
PT.TGE
Engineering Design : BPPT
Reinjection
Well KMJ-21
PT.PGE
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
Steam Flushing Process
Setting of Turbine Rotor
LOCAL CONTENT
:
INDUSTRIAL
MINISTER REG.
No. 54/2012
42%
PILOT PLANT
BPPT
63,8%
“start small, move fast”
100 KW BINARY CYCLE PILOT PLANT
IN WAYANG WINDU, WEST JAVA
Cooperation: BPPT – STAR ENERGY GEOTHERMAL LTD.
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
Modular Plant
Under Construction
Area of Binary Cycle Plant
Air Cooler
Modular Plant
Control Room
“start small, move fast”
28
• With the geographical condition as an archipelago, the use of
solar power generation is estimated to be the right solution to
achieve the target of 93% electrification by 2025.
• The Government has issued a blueprint for a national energy
management, which in 2025 could be achieved using
renewable energy in National Energy Mix up to 17 %.
• Government planed for accelerated development of solar
power generation, targeted to be installed until 2025 up to
2,2 GWp.
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
• Based on temporary projection of energy utilization 2010
shows petroleum 43, 9 %, coal 30, 7 % and natural gas 21 %.
Renewable energy contribution is still low for about 4, 4 %.
• Installed capacity of solar power plants in rural areas are
estimated around 17 MWp
• State Electricity Company plans to build 1000 solar power
generation for isolated island in Indonesia. The construction
will be started on 2012 and is expected to be completed
within 5 years
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
• Indonesia solar energy potential is very large, with average
daily radiation 4.8 kWh/m2/day.
• In eastern part of Indonesia, average daily radiation of
about 5.1 kWh/m2/day. with a monthly variation of about 9
%.
• While in western part of Indonesia, average daily radiation of
about 5.1 kWh/m2/day. with a monthly variation of about
10 %.
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
1. Institutional policies: regulations,
standards, systemsmanagement, education.
2. Diversification policy photovoltaic applications: utilization as
electricity in rural areas, encouraging the use
of PV in luxuryresidential and commercial buildings
3. Incentive mechanism
4. PV industrial development
5. R & D and mastery of PV technology
6. investment policy
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
• Smart interconnection
grids
– Improved reliability
– Energy savings
– Robustness of operation
and control (Self-Heals)
– Etc.
• Smart microgrids with
distributed energy
resources (DER) where
applicable
– Distribution systems
containing high DER
penetration may require
considerable operational
control capabilities.
Paradigm Shift in Energy System
Increasing penetration of renewable energy, diversification in electricity
generations, reduction in carbon emission, etc.
Future Chalenges
• Enhanced compatibility of electricity network with increased penetration of
renewable energy
• Communications between the network and various types of generations
• Providi g services for various co su ers’ electricity eeds, ai ly i re ote
and isolated areas
A key solution
Smart MicroGrid could efficiently control integration of renewable energy to
the main grid.
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
34
CHALLENGES
ENABLERS
Communication Infrastructures
* Big Cities: Available but Expensive
* Small Towns: Not all available
Development of communication
infrastructure
Information Technology
* Limited SCADA capabilities
* Smart meters only for large consumers
SCADA Improvement
Proliferation of smart meter
Non-competitive Electricity Market
Opening up electricity market
Regulated Government Pricing
Policies & Regualtions:
* Dynamic Pricing
Unsteady supply from Renewables (Micro
Hydro, Solar, etc.)
Incentives for Renewable Energy
Participation from consumers difficult
Incentives for Consumer Participations
Very few Smart Building applications
Energy efficiency awareness
Investments are expensive
Incentives for Investments
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
3 MW GEOPP
“start small, move fast”
Deputy Chairman for Technology of Information, Energy, and
Materials
The Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology
1
Republic of Indonesia
• Introduction
• Geothermal
• Smart Micro Grid for renewable energy
2
3
54 TWh
21 TWh
IB : 10,2%
28 TWh
11 TWh
IT : 10,6%
252 TWh
115 TWh
JB : 8,97%
2010
2019
Interconnected Systems
• Two of main islands have own interconnected systems
• The rests are:
– Clusters of service areas with main grids, including remote off-grid distributed systems (Kalimantan,
Sulawesi, Papua)
– Small islands: clusters of grids mainly of diesel systems, off-grid distributed systems
Category :
NAD
90,85%
> 60 %
Kepri
44,45%
Sumut
79,05%
Kalteng
57,07%
Riau
58,66%
Gorontalo
46,79%
Kalbar
58,34%
Sulbar
60,85%
Jakarta
100%
Bengkulu
61,11%
Lampung
61,25%
Banten
67,29%
Jabar
69,04%
Jateng
70,42%
Kalsel
70,53%
DIY
75,70%
Sultra
47,11%
Bali
70,87%
Jatim
65,54%
Sumber: DJK (2011)
2005
2006
62%
63%
2007
2008
NTB
31,20%
2009
Maluku
72,62%
Sulsel
65,93%
Papua
31,61%
NTT
29,10%
REALISASI (Tahun)
Rasio
Elektrif ikasi
20 - 40 %
Malut
63,84%
Sulteng
56,04%
Babel
68,73%
Jambi
75,71%
Sulut
65,84%
Papua Barat
41,87%
Sumsel
56,39%
Sumbar
71,13%
41 - 60 %
Kaltim
65,25%
RENCANA (Tahun)
2010
2011
2012
2013
64,3% 65,1% 65,8% 67,2% 70,4% 73,6% 76,8%
2014
80,0%
RE
3%
ENERGY
MIX
GAS
21%
OIL
42%
PRESIDENT DECREE
5/2006
BIOENERGY
5%
RE
17%
GAS
30%
COAL
34%
3298
Mill. BOE
OIL
20%
COAL
33%
3200
Mill.BOE
3,1%
2419
Mill. BOE
RE
17%
34,6%
COAL
1649
Mill. BOE
1176
Mill. BOE
20,6%
GAS
RE
COAL
5,03%
23,91 %
GAS
24,29%
OIL
46,77%
2011
Note: 1 TOE = 7,33 BOE
30%
41,7%
OIL
20%
2015
2020
2025
ENERGY
DIVERSIFICATION
33%
Bio-fuel 5 %
Batubara 33 %
Geothermal 5 %
EBT
17 %
Gas 30 %
BBM
20 %
Biomassa, Nuklir,
Air, Surya, Angin 5 %
Coal Liquefaction 2 %
Target kontribusi tenaga surya tahun 2025 : 0,2-0,3% ≈ 0,8-1,0 GW
Rata – rata kebutuhan instalasi PLTS
: 65 MW/thn
9
PLTP LAHENDONG: 80 MW
DISTRIBUTION OF
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
IN INDONESIA
PLTP SIBAYAK: 10 MW
PLTP ULUBELU: 110MW
PLTP WAYANG WINDU: 227 MW
PLTP GUNUNG SALAK: 377 MW
PLTP KAMOJANG: 200 MW
PLTP MATALOKO: 2 MW
PLTP DARAJAT: 270 MW
PLTP DIENG: 60 MW
No.
Island
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sumatera
Jawa
Bali
Nusa Tenggara
Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Maluku
Papua
Total
No. Of
Locations
86
71
5
22
12
56
30
3
285
Potencial
Installed Capacity
Resources (MW)
(MW)
13.470
120
9.717
1.134
296
1.471
7
145
2.939
80
1.051
75
29.215
1.341
PLTP ULUMBU: 5 MW
Source: Geological Agency (2011)
Note:
Preliminary Survey
Ready for Delopment
Detailed Survey
Existing PLTP
2006
852 MW
2008
2012
2016
2020
2025
2000 MW
3442 MW
4600 MW
6000 MW
9500 MW
(Target)
1148 MW
Existing GWA
1442 MW
Existing GWA
1158 MW
Existing GWA
+ New GWA
1400 MW
New GWA
3500 MW
New GWA
1341 MW
CURRENT PROGRESS
6151 MW
Plus 2nd Crash Program Scenario
(4925 MW)
• ALL power plants use foreign technology.
• BPPT is appointed by the Government to develop national technology, in
cooperation with local industries.
1. Overlapping between geothermal working areas and
protection/conservation forest at least 30% of
geothermal resources are located in the conservation
forest.
2. Lack of exploration data bidding by the goverment only
provides geological, geophysical and geochemical data.
3. Price of geothermal energy is not competitif insufficient
fiscal policy, limited funding & incentive mechanism, high
investment cost, very high technical risk.
4. Geothermal market is very narrow PLN as a Single
Buyer.
5. Uncertainty in the legal aspect.
6. Lack of human resources.
7. Social problems.
1. TECHNICAL RISK:
• Resource risk possibility of not finding sufficient geothermal
resources for commercial use.
• Operational risk drilling success ratio, well productivity.
• Technological risk.
• Construction risk land acquisition for steam field and power
plant.
2. NON-TECHNICAL RISK:
• Market access and price risk market/price fluctuation.
• Legal and regulatory risk the certainty of government policy
and regulation.
• Exchange rate and inflation risk.
1. Improving and harmonizing regulations in
geothermal business, including a revision of the
Geothermal Law to allow the geothermal
development in conservation forest.
2. Pricing regulation with comprehensive
treatment.
3. Fiscal incentives for geothermal development.
LOCAL CONTENT REGULATION
FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
(Industrial Minister Regulation No. 54/2012)
CAPACITY
5 MW
> 5 MW - 10 MW
>10 MW - 60 MW
> 60 MW - 110 MW
> 110 MW
EQUIPMENT*
31,30%
21,00%
15,70%
16,30%
16,00%
LOCAL CONTENT
SERVICE**
COMBINATION
89,18%
42,00%
82,30%
40,45%
74,10%
33,24%
60,10%
29,21%
58,40%
28,95%
*) Equipment :
Equipment consists of steam turbine, boiler, generator, electrical, instrument and
control, balance of plant and/or civil and steel structure.
**) Service :
Consultancy service (feasibility study), integrated construction service (engineering,
procurement, and construction), inspection, test, certification and/or supporting
services.
1.
It is a national priority program stated in the Presidential Regulation
No. 05/2010 regarding the National Medium-Term Development Plan
2010 – 2014.
2.
Output :
a) Condensing Turbine Technology of 3 MW GeoPP.
Ready for operation in Kamojang Geothermal Field
b) Binary Cycle Technology of 100 kW GeoPP.
Under construction in Wayang Windu Field
TARGET
1. To substitute the use of fossil fuel based diesel power generations.
2. To accelerate the development small scale geothermal power
plants by domestic human resources and national industries.
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
Vacuum
Pump
Demister
PT.BBI
Generator
Jet
Ejector
PT.PINDAD
PT.BBI
ACW
Pump
Cooling Tower
PT.TGE
PT.HAMON
Turbin
PT.NTP
Production
Well KMJ-68
PT.TGE
Condenser
After
Condenser
PT.BBI
PT.BBI
PT.PGE
Hot Well Pump
PT.TGE
Engineering Design : BPPT
Reinjection
Well KMJ-21
PT.PGE
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
Steam Flushing Process
Setting of Turbine Rotor
LOCAL CONTENT
:
INDUSTRIAL
MINISTER REG.
No. 54/2012
42%
PILOT PLANT
BPPT
63,8%
“start small, move fast”
100 KW BINARY CYCLE PILOT PLANT
IN WAYANG WINDU, WEST JAVA
Cooperation: BPPT – STAR ENERGY GEOTHERMAL LTD.
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
“start small, move fast”
Modular Plant
Under Construction
Area of Binary Cycle Plant
Air Cooler
Modular Plant
Control Room
“start small, move fast”
28
• With the geographical condition as an archipelago, the use of
solar power generation is estimated to be the right solution to
achieve the target of 93% electrification by 2025.
• The Government has issued a blueprint for a national energy
management, which in 2025 could be achieved using
renewable energy in National Energy Mix up to 17 %.
• Government planed for accelerated development of solar
power generation, targeted to be installed until 2025 up to
2,2 GWp.
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
• Based on temporary projection of energy utilization 2010
shows petroleum 43, 9 %, coal 30, 7 % and natural gas 21 %.
Renewable energy contribution is still low for about 4, 4 %.
• Installed capacity of solar power plants in rural areas are
estimated around 17 MWp
• State Electricity Company plans to build 1000 solar power
generation for isolated island in Indonesia. The construction
will be started on 2012 and is expected to be completed
within 5 years
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
• Indonesia solar energy potential is very large, with average
daily radiation 4.8 kWh/m2/day.
• In eastern part of Indonesia, average daily radiation of
about 5.1 kWh/m2/day. with a monthly variation of about 9
%.
• While in western part of Indonesia, average daily radiation of
about 5.1 kWh/m2/day. with a monthly variation of about
10 %.
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
1. Institutional policies: regulations,
standards, systemsmanagement, education.
2. Diversification policy photovoltaic applications: utilization as
electricity in rural areas, encouraging the use
of PV in luxuryresidential and commercial buildings
3. Incentive mechanism
4. PV industrial development
5. R & D and mastery of PV technology
6. investment policy
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
• Smart interconnection
grids
– Improved reliability
– Energy savings
– Robustness of operation
and control (Self-Heals)
– Etc.
• Smart microgrids with
distributed energy
resources (DER) where
applicable
– Distribution systems
containing high DER
penetration may require
considerable operational
control capabilities.
Paradigm Shift in Energy System
Increasing penetration of renewable energy, diversification in electricity
generations, reduction in carbon emission, etc.
Future Chalenges
• Enhanced compatibility of electricity network with increased penetration of
renewable energy
• Communications between the network and various types of generations
• Providi g services for various co su ers’ electricity eeds, ai ly i re ote
and isolated areas
A key solution
Smart MicroGrid could efficiently control integration of renewable energy to
the main grid.
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
34
CHALLENGES
ENABLERS
Communication Infrastructures
* Big Cities: Available but Expensive
* Small Towns: Not all available
Development of communication
infrastructure
Information Technology
* Limited SCADA capabilities
* Smart meters only for large consumers
SCADA Improvement
Proliferation of smart meter
Non-competitive Electricity Market
Opening up electricity market
Regulated Government Pricing
Policies & Regualtions:
* Dynamic Pricing
Unsteady supply from Renewables (Micro
Hydro, Solar, etc.)
Incentives for Renewable Energy
Participation from consumers difficult
Incentives for Consumer Participations
Very few Smart Building applications
Energy efficiency awareness
Investments are expensive
Incentives for Investments
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA
3 MW GEOPP
“start small, move fast”