Group Japan Report – REPHY Testimony Batch6, The International Joint Seminar & Visit to Clean Authority of Tokyo, 1519 May 2017 – Program MM FE Unpad

REPORT


THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR & VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF TOKYO
(Shin-Koto Incineration Plant) TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
(Humanizing Collaboration between Indonesia and Japan)


“PROCESSING WASTE”
(A MODEL FOR GREEN PROJECT OF WASTE IN INDONESIA)

Arranged by
REPHY EKAWATIE
Student ID:
120820160027
Occupation:
Staff at Central Bureau of Statistic of Kapuas District
in Central Kalimantan Province


Held by





Graduate School of International
Cooperation Studies

Master of Management Program
Faculty of Economics and Business

Universitas Padjadjaran


TOKYO, JAPAN 15 – 19 MAY 2017




1


INTRODUCTION

Green Economy Phenomenon
The attentions to green economy moved from developed to developing and less developing countries in last
decade. Three pillars of green economy such as social, economy and environment become important as
element to fulfill sustainable development. Japan is one of developed country that has been implement
consistency preserve environment to support economy and social. It is proved by result of Global Green
Economy Index in 2016. Japan has been ranked nine on the top ten by respondents of GGEIs survey in
perception, even though based on result of performance in green economy, Japan was not enter the top ten.

The achievement that achieved by Japan in green economy makes Japan become a suitable benchmarks as a
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model of green economy for the developing country such as Indonesia .












Green Innovation Strategy is a respond of result from second conference at Rio de Jeneiro in 2012 which is
general known as Rio+20. Naoya Tsukamoto (2011) stated that Japan was transitioning to a green economy.
The vision manifested as a strategy which are concerned to technology innovation. It fosters “a win-win”
solution for issues related to environment, energy and economic growth. Japan Government emphasizes the
need to stimulate the economy through green innovation of the environment and utilization energy

technology. In effort to fill it, Japan carries out various measures including promoting renewable energy; the
facilitation of low-carbon finance and investment; the application of information and communication
technology; the usage of nuclear power; the acceleration of resources and development of innovative
technology; the promotion of modal shift; the dissemination of energy-saving electrical appliances; the
2
enabling of efficient electricity demand; and the recycling of domestic resources .
Indonesia as the developing country stills in efforts to change old paradigm to the Green Economy.
Indonesia pursues added values that can reach from green such as the better quality of life, environment,
society, economy and welfare. Steps that Indonesia has done as far as are gradually changes fossil fuels into
renewable energy sources. Indonesia also, establishes policy adjustments that do support sustainable
economic, social and environmental development based on green principles. The policies like mix energy policy
which has a positive impact on reduced subsidies on fossil fuels from 3.4 percent to 1.8 percent of national
gross domestic product in 2009. In 2012, Indonesia government has begun an effort to replace kerosene for
household cooking which using of lot of subsidies, to substitute with liquefied petroleum gas. Programs of
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus (REDD+) are result of proof of sincerity
Indonesia government to solve the problems of gap between needs to product bio fuels and deforestation
3
which impact ecosystem changes issues .
Indonesia still struggle on its transition. The changes of paradigms are not easy. Government must struggles
towards hindrance from internal and external factors. As olds say “learn from others experiences are a wisely

things". Indonesia can learn many things from Japan as the developed country which has done green transition
in its country. Models of green implementation on Japan can be adopted in Indonesia by adjusting contextually.




1

Tamanini, Jeremy, Valenciano, Julieth. 2016. The Global Green Economy Index: Measuring National
Performance in Green Economy. Dual Citizen LLC.
2
Tsukamoto, Naoya. 2011. A Green Economy in the contex of sustainable development and poverty
nd
eradication. Text of Statement Delegation of Japan 2 Preparatory Committee UN Conference on Sustainable
Development.
3
https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/green-economy-transition-in-indonesia

2

MARKETING ANALYSIS AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Economy
In last five years, similar to the economy condition of the others countries in the world, Japan faced
economy deceleration. Even though obtain stimulus for four years, Japan's economy grew only about 2.2
percent in real terms. Japan's Government pushed companies to boost an investment at home and increase
wages to support demand, stimulate Japan's economy and
drift away from deflation, and maintained the rate of
improvement. The government has been pushing
companies to encourage pay, supporting to assist to
4
increase consumption, inflation and demand . How Japan
can survive pass this conditions indicate as a Nation, Japan
has been growing on step of maturity. The maturity of
Japan as a country is felt and seen through its manner to
manage elements to support economy inside its country.
Even though global economy condition is not supported,
Japan can maintain economy condition inside its country and preserve National economy condition to protect
its society.

Japan maintains its economy stability collaborates with government and business owner. Japan preserves its
economy through keep balance supply and demand of goods needs of society. The Government seriously
protects supply and way to distribute goods to the society. The supply of goods from outside Japan is strictly
prohibited. The Government policy purpose is to protect suppliers and small and medium entrepreneurs inside
the country. Protected supply and distribution lane make small and medium business are growth. It supports to
stimulate economy movement in Japan by increase purchasing power.
The Japanese government provides support to economic development by building traditional and nontraditional shopping centers to encourage national consumption. Low tax policies for small businesses and
retailers make the prices affordable for consumers. This policy supports the increase of public consumption to
support the economic movement in Japan nationally. Outlets and shops are always present at strategic points
where tourists will visit such as Asakusa temple, Harajuku, Sky tree, Odaiba, and Ginza. The existence of stores
and outlets at these points are to encourage tourists to spend their money in Japan. This will indirectly affect
the economic movement in Japan.
In the implementation of green economy, Japan is concerned with maintaining resources and energy
efficiency. Based on report International Energy Efficiency Scorecard in 2016 released by the nonprofit
American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE), Japan stays at 2nd place with Italy after Germany in
5
the 1st place . Japan stays at the second place in the category of the national effort. Japan has done significant
energy reduction in 2000-2013 and showed hard energy efficiency efforts. Japan has strong energy saving goal
6
th

then become one of most efficient thermo electric power systems . Indonesia stays at 18 place. As far as,
th
Indonesia has shown it progress to commit in energy efficiency by stay at 18 passed Mexico, Thailand, South
7
Africa, Brazil and Saudi Arabia . How Japan is reaching success in National Energy Efficiency as reference for
Indonesia to adopt its model to implement.












4

Cadman, Emily, Harding, Robin, Bernard, Steve. 2016. The Japanese economy at glance. Source:
https://ig.ft.com/sites/numbers/economies/japan [June, 10, 2017; 11PM].
5
Kiker, Patrick. 2016. Germany, Italy and Japan Top World Energy Efficiency Rankings. American Council for
Energy Efficiency Economy.
6
http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/pdf/country/2016/japan.pdf
7
http://aceee.org/sites/default/files/pdf/country/2016/indonesia.pdf

3


 The Interesting things are known from Japan is a smart options that Japan have elected to protect National
economy and its society. Japan has done and still does energy efficiency to face the impact of global economy,
especially, slowdown of economy in recent times. But, beside it, Japan has become intensify integrated in
global value chains, primarily in Asia. Japan gets advantages from international trades through large firms
which are owned by its country. The parallel impacts are increasing export of few small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) gradually. Japan policies on SMEs to enter international markets will support an inclusive
growth. The policies also open an opportunity of more SMEs to join international markets by improving quality

and quantity of their products. The domino's effects will be happened are lots of SMEs and micro entrepreneur
which appearing and boost Japan’s economy. Despite, it is policies will reduce subsidies to the farmers as like
8
coin with two sides .
Indonesia now had been decreased dependency on raw commodity exports and promotes the
manufacturing industry to growth. The Indonesian government in recent times place high priority on
infrastructure development and on investment with focus on long term not short term. SMEs in Indonesia grow
consistently and become a micro power of economy in Indonesia. Benchmarks to Japan, how do Japan’s effort
to involve its SMEs in value of international chains of trades can be a good input for Indonesian government as
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consideration to support SMEs to gain values in international trades .

Social, Technology, Legal and Environment

Japan Government has main focus to protect the economy situation through its society. Depend on the
three pillars of Green Economy, specific on social factor, Japan maintain employment and focus to solve the
problem of inadequate funds for enterprises. The stimulus package provided by Japan Government is cheap
invests in the environment and employment. It includes goal to decrease gas emissions of greenhouse by 50
percent by 2050 to produce low carbon society. Its influence is softening negative effects of owning an aging
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population by regenerating social security infrastructure .
Japan’s strategies on green innovation are implemented in green technology also. Through technology,
Japan tries to control low impact of environment. Japan’s electronic tools were gradually switch to renewable
energy, such as Komatsu which replacing its wasteful
energy of pneumatics with battery-powered tools, solar
panels of Panasonic which have gotten high alterations
rate by turning light to electricity. Hitachi, Fujitsu, and
NEC collaborated to advance semi-conductors with
focus on next generation that they predict can be
operate in 2019 where just need one-tenth of the
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power used by present-day devices . Japan has a
potential development in innovative power
technologies and be a leader to product new
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approaches to power generation . It supported by
strategies to classify technologies into seven categories
such as production process which are innovative; material which are light and heat resistant; advances storage
battery; production, storage, and use of hydrogen etc.; advances of solar power generation; advances of geothermal power generation; and effectiveness of use CO213 .


8

http://www.oecd.org/economy/japan-economic-forecast-summary.htm
https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/economy/item177
10
http://www.socialsecurityextension.org/gimi/gess/ShowTheme.action?th.themeId=1444
11
http://fortune.com/2013/09/23/japans-green-energy-evolution/
12
http://thediplomat.com/2012/09/japan-goes-green/
13
https://japantoday.com/category/tech/japan-announces-long-term-strategy-for-green-technologyinnovations

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 Technology is supporting efficiency and effectiveness.
Most transaction of micro activities in Japan use technology.
Technology is used generally and becomes a part of society.
At the corners of the city even in traditional markets,
technology becomes an integral part. Technology become a
helpful tools to make duties are becoming more easily. As
seen as in picture, modern refrigerator and wrapping
machine become friendly tools for an old seller lady in
Tsukiji Fish Outer Market. Technology supports environment
become cleanly. Despite the habits of Japan society which
are concern to impact of environment, technology like modern wrapping machine and refrigerator in fish
market like Tsukiji, makes market area to be clean and tidy. Government of Japan is strict about environment,
especially about waste. Hard to find garbage dumped carelessly in Japan. All looks clean, even in the traditional
market like Tsukiji. The real phenomenon in Japan drive us to think how Japan could maintain its waste so
perfectly?. The answer yet is waste management and environment law. Japan Government made a legal
system for form a recycling oriented society. Basic environment law promotes the creation of recycling
oriented society. Maintain the recycling materials used by society, reduce the consumption of native resources,
and degrade environmental impact.
Japan government have been formed the waste management and public cleansing act regulations. It is
formed with purposes to reduce of waste generation, appropriate treatment of waste include recycling,
regulation on the establishment of waste treatment facilities, set a regulations regarding waste treatment
business, formation of waste handling standards. It is espoused step in encourages potent utilization of
resources. This act includes recycling of reusable resources, innovations such as easily recyclable structures and
materials, labeling for sorting recyclable resources, and increment the efficient use of product.
Basic law then is breakdown to specific regulations targeted at the characteristics of specific product groups.
The specific laws for the product groups are packaging recycling law, household devices recycling law, meal
waste recycling law, building materials recycling law, end life of vehicle's recycling law, and minor household
tool's recycling law. Each law has a role to manage kinds of waste under its rules which has been set.

Recommendation
Business Owner
Economic, social and environmental stability in Japan is inseparable from the role of business owners.
Benchmarks to the existing business owners in Japan, business owners in Indonesia can adopt the way business
owners in Japan in support of the national economy of the country. Business owners which have been involved
in economy cycles can attract the others chain of business inside the country to stimulate economy movement.
This can be done by substituting foreign goods suppliers into existing domestic suppliers. By doing so, new
domestic efforts will grow due to market demand. The growth will affect the increase in domestic consumption
and improvement of people's welfare through its purchasing power of society.

Government
Japan Government braves to take a position to protect society and business owner inside the country. Japan
strict prohibits goods distribution and supply from outside to protect its peoples and domestic business chain.
Japan Government also protects business chain by imposing low taxes for domestic business owners. Indonesia
can adopt Japan way to little bit strictly regulate distributor and supplier chain from outside. Reduce import
and increase production domestic goods to accommodate domestic demand is a wisely way to boost
productivity of society that have impact to National economy in the end. The important point that Indonesia
must learn from Japan are how Japan Government and National elements can manage country with mature
ways, even in politic, economy, social, cultural and environment.

Differences in Value, Beliefs, Policy and Acculturation
Green economy supports to sustainable society. Green economy covers environmental protection,
continuity of culture, humanism, and others factors of external economy. Japanese Association of Environment
and Society (2006) said that green economy improves quality of life of Japanese society. The comparison of
present economy and green economy can be seen in Table 1.




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Table 1
Comparison Present and Green Economy





















Most of Japanese people felt that green economy has a significant impact to make a better quality of life,
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respect on society and environment, and maintain values of traditional cultures and beliefs . Green economy
drive Japanese society to new pages of economy reforms based on concerns to environment which is
correlates with society and welfare. As a developed country, Japan has
adjusted Green principles in its country covered all aspects of society.
Green economy paradigm as a driving forces to transform Japan as a
Nation to do a reform in all aspects.
Japanese culture is tightly correlates with values. The values based on
cultures have a substantial role in every-days life of Japanese peoples.
Basic elements of essential Japanese values, such as: age, silence,
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traditions, history, religion, family, government, nature, and education .
Japanese cultures plant value to the young people how to respect elders
and appreciate them as important community fellows. The elders are
respected as persons who will bequeath a verbal custom of across
generation. Contras with Indonesia, on Japanese cultures, the credibility of
a persons are measured by more little words are spoken. Their non oral
communications are more powerful than verbal communication. Manner
how Japanese peoples communicate is another interesting point from Japanese culture. The Japanese are
accustomed to bowing about 45 degrees when meeting with others who
are known as a way to greet with respect and courtesy. It is slightly
different from the existing culture in Indonesia. In Indonesia when meets
with others people who are known people generally will reach out to shake
hands or hugs if the people is old friends. Habits shake hands when
meeting people who are known also performed by some Japanese people
that has been acculturated with western culture. However, until now the
majority of Japanese people still preserve the original culture and values
that have been rooted from generation to generation.
Value and beliefs that mixed with Japanese culture become inseparable
parts of Japanese society life. It rooted until the highest level of formal
organization include elements of society, government, institutions,
company, ministry etc. Regularity, obedience, and discipline is a value that


14

http://www.kanbun.org/2006/060601greenkeizai/060601greenkeizai_report_english.pdf
http://acad.depauw.edu/~mkfinney/teaching/Com227/culturalPortfolios/japan/values.htm

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built by belief to the gods. As far as we know, Shinto is majority belief in Japan. Based on Bureau of Democracy,
Human Right and Labor report 51 percent of citizen in Japan were Shinto, Buddhist were 44 percent and
Christian were 1 percent. Then, about 5 percent of Japanese were belonged to other religious groups. In Japan,
16
most of Shinto believer also follow Buddhist faiths, and opposite . Value and beliefs that manifest in act
through habit (regularity, obedience and discipline) are transmitted to all aspect of life, like working, studying,
to play a role in society, socialize, run the organization, etc.
Nature is an important element for Japan society. As previous mention, nature is one of basic element of
Japan essential value. Histories and beliefs are driver for Japanese people to protect and take care of nature.
Water, mountains, soil, air, trees, earth, seas and whole nature element are having means for Japanese peoples
so they protect it carefully. The protection forms are shown not only through regulation but through local
wisdoms. This is a most reasonable cause why green economy can be implemented well in Japan. Basically, the
three pillars of green economy, specifically environment, in principle have been implemented by Japanese
society since thousands years ago. Transformation of periods and inventions of technology makes pollution
increases. The pollution transforms in many interfere and dangerous forms. Example: noise of operating
machines, dust from construction of buildings and roads, harmful chemicals from industrial waste, carbon
dioxide from incomplete combustion, etc. Pollutions in this recent period are more complex from thousands
years ago. Pollutions came from goods and tools that are peoples in this time dependent with it.
The same principles drive into ways of thinking to give solution for recent conditions. Japan as benchmarks,
how to solve and manage waste as a real example, can be inspired Indonesian Government to adopt Japan
processing waste models as reference to manage waste in Indonesia. Learns and analysis ways of waste
processing in Japan can be a good steps for Indonesia to develop and implement the models of processing
waste.

Recommendation
Business Owner
Understand the culture, value and belief held by the surrounding community becomes an important key in
building and developing a business. Indonesian business owner can adopt Japan's value and ways to operate
business. Respect times, discipline, loyal, integrity, always try to do the best, innovative and consistence. All of
that value can improve business performance.

Government
The Positive values from Japan (discipline, respect times, obedience, loyal, always try to do the best,
innovative and consistence) can be adopted on Indonesia Government to improve civil servant performance.
Indonesia uses the phenomenon of moving attentions of Green Economy from the developed to the
developing and less developing countries, as a power to reform all aspect on Indonesia systems to reach a
better quality of life and society.





















16

https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71342.htm

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COMPANY VISIT

BACKGROUND
Trash is a crucial problem in almost of all developing countries. Indonesia is a one of country with numerous
17
of waste. Nationally, waste in Indonesia is about 200 thousand ton a day or similar 73 million ton a year . The
high number of waste in Indonesia can be seen as a big potential of resources in positive perspective. The
spread wide of green economy paradigm changed the way of society views today in seeing waste.
Technological and scientific developments made waste as a resource that has benefit and economic value.
The developing countries can use opportunity in technology development to probe potential of waste in
support economic. The potential waste and advantages of technology existence can be managed properly
through waste management. Waste management involves role of society, government, private, and all parties
in implementation. Assets management of house hold becoming an important to support it is triumph.
Japan is one of the developed countries in Asia that are successful in managing waste. Japan has proven that
collaboration of technology development and consistency of waste management till the lowest level
(household) give a positive impact to support economic and environment. The significant impact of waste
management successful is the ways of Japanese people to manage their household assets. The ways of
Japanese people to manage household assets are supported by the Government. The Government made rules
to guarantee every steps of waste management were obtained by the society. The result of it is Japan success
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to recycle plastics waste 77% in 2010 .
Waste management is applied in Japan by classified waste into each group of waste and be managed.
Application of waste management is such as combustible waste, incombustible waste and large size waste. It is
arranged from the micro levels of society. Here, the assets management of household plays important roles to
make an asset decisions. Unused household assets can be replaced with the new one. The old assets can be
dumped into group of large size waste and be managed. Throughout this process, management of assets in
micro sector is moving and gives positive impact on economic and consumption.
Japan’s experiences and waste technology development made Japan is suitable to be a model to learn.
Indonesia as a developing country which facing complicated problems caused by waste can adopt experiences
and technology that Japan’s has to develop waste systems in Indonesia. As known, Indonesia is a big country
that has 34 provinces. Each provinces run it’s governance under control of central government which is lead by
President. Each province has classical problems with waste. Indonesia population is about 255,461,700
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peoples .
The great number of population made number of consumption and consumerism increase. The result of this
phenomenon is increasing waste from consumerism follows the rising number of population. Situations that
are commonly in developing countries, where the numbers of population are big and implementation of
management, basically, are weak. Learning how Japan’s successes implement its waste management and
impact to household’s assets management, can be a good way to adopted in Indonesia.

WASTE PROCESS ANALYSIS
Japan has seriousness to implement innovation in technology to support Green Economy. Correlate with
economy, social, technology, and environment supported with values, beliefs, and policies that Japan has in its
society, waste management become an one of implementation of all it. The technologies impacts on Waste’s
processing become interesting to observe. Waste which do relate with pollutions, dirty and disturbers if well
managed will give added values for environment, economy, and society. Japan has prove that waste can be
alternative source to support energy through technology waste can be managed in order becomes
environment’s friendly. How does Japan manage processes on waste will be described as bellow:

Waste processing location
In Japan, waste is sorted by its trait, such as: combustible waste, incombustible waste, and large sized waste.
Wastes are distributed based on its kinds to intermediate processing of waste which is managed by Authority
of Tokyo. Intermediate processing of waste is divided into three based on kinds of processed waste.
Incineration plants, the place to process combustible waste. Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center is a
place to process incombustible waste. Large sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility is a place to process
waste that have large sized. Incineration plants there are 21 at 23 Cities, whereas 2 plants are being


17

http://health.liputan6.com/read/831503/sampah-di-indonesia-paling-banyak-berasal-dari-rumah-tangga
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/29/japan-leads-field-plastic-recycling
19
https://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1274
18

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construction. Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Centers there are 2 at 23 Cities. Large sized Waste
Pulverization Processing Facility there is 1 at 23 City.

Processing waste
The wastes that has been sorted according to its type, is processed on each one intermediate processing of
waste. The process being done as bellow:

Process combustible waste
The process of combustible waste is starting from measure the weight of waste then waste collection
vehicles dump waste into the bunker. Waste is temporary stored in the bunker until incineration. Waste is
mixed and then crane. The waste is leveled and sent to the
incinerator. Air is sent from the waste bunker to the incinerator
by forced draft fan. Incinerator burns waste at a high
o
o
temperature of over 800 C (1,472 F). The previous process
produces steam from heat generated when waste is burned.
The steam used for heat supply and electric power generation.
Cooling tower is a place where freezes upper heat exhaust
o
o
exuded from the incinerator about 150 C (302 F) for avoiding
the re-composition of dioxins. Bag filter is used to remove
smoke black and dust, dioxin, mercury, hydrogen chlorides, and
sulfur oxides from exhaust. The exhaust is pure by water and
chemicals to remove mercury, hydrogen, chlorides and sulfur oxides. The tower of catalyst reaction is used as a
place to decompose dioxins and nitrogen oxides in exhaust using catalysts. An exhaust is sent to the stack by
induced draft fan.
A stack of exhaust that is exempted of harmful substances or smell is released into the air. A solid and heavy
metal in wastewater produced from incineration plant are removed to the limit or below before waste water is
released into the sewer. The process to free wastewater from harmful substances is called wastewater
treatment facilities. All activities are controlled at central control room. The central control room as a central to
control and monitor facilities including the waste bunker and
the incinerator. Each facility continuously sends information to
the control computer system and operation across the entire
incineration plant. Then, all process can be observed on the
monitors.
Combustible waste are carried into incineration plants
sometimes contain waste unsuitable for incineration. The
unsuitable wastes are such as metals, glass or oversized waste
that exceeds the disposal capacity of the plant. Such improper
waste may cause the halt or failure of incinerators, costing a
great deal of money and time before recovery. Once the
facilities become incapable of accepting waste, waste
collection and transfer operation will be interrupted, seriously affecting waste management in all 23 cities.
Every year, some incineration plants are forced to stop operation due to improper waste. To prevent carry in
of improper waste and to ensure safe and stable plant operation, inspection of incoming waste is reinforced,
and awareness raising activities are undertaken. Special weeks are also set to enhance the above inspection
and to perform close observation of platforms in each incineration plant. Overall regular inspection on
incoming waste is also conducted at all incineration plants in collaboration with the 23 cities.

Process incombustible waste
The process of incombustible waste divided into pulverization and separation. Incombustible waste is
pulverized to reduce its volume, so that an efficient use of landfill sites is made possible. Incombustible wastes
also include recyclable resources such as ferrous metals and aluminum which are separated and collected.


9


Process large size waste

Large sized waste is separated into combustible large sized waste, such as wooden furniture, and into
incombustible large sized waste such as bicycles. The separation work is performed manually at large sized
waste transfer stations in each city or at the receiving yard of the large sized waste pulverization processing
facility. Combustible residue after pulverization is incinerated at incineration plant, while incombustible residue
is sent to landfill disposal sites.

Results of waste processing

Waste processing in intermediate processing of waste result, such as: the heat energy. The heat energy
generated from incineration is used to beneficial purpose, such as power generation and supplier energy.
Electricity and hot water produced at plants are used within facilities to operate the plant, thereby reducing
electricity purchases and fuel costs. Surplus electricity is sold to power companies. All of the plants sell
electricity and four plants sell heat as hot water to other facilities.
The bottom ash as result of burned process is recycled as
cement materials. Bottom ash after removing ash to be melted
into slag, as well as after processed with chemicals are sent to
landfill disposal on the New Sea Surface Disposal Site, which has
been established and is managed by Tokyo Metropolitan
Government. Because it is really difficult to find new landfill
disposal sites in Tokyo Port, a full scale initiative has been
undertaken to recycle bottom ash into cement materials for the
purpose of reducing the amount of landfill disposal and achieving
more efficient use of resources.
In the initiative for recycling bottom ash into cement materials,
bottom ash that is generated in incineration plants is transferred to private cement factories by freight
vehicles/ trains and efficiently used as port land cement materials. Cement materials include limestone, clay,
silica, iron materials, and plaster. Bottom ash is used as substitute for clay. When bottom ash is melted at high

10


o

o

temperature of over 1,200 C (2,192 F) and then rapidly cooled, it turns into sandy slag. As slag, the volume is
almost half that of ash and approximately one fortieth of its original state as waste. The process of making slag
decomposes dioxins within the ash and traps heavy metals inside, thereby making it safe and efficient for use
as construction materials and so on.
Residue from a process of Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center and Large sized Waste
Pulverization Processing Facility which are not be recycled, will bring to landfill disposal to manage by Tokyo
Metropolitan Government. At the outer Central Break Water Landfill
Disposal Site and New Sea Surface Disposal Site established and
managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, residue after
treating general waste in 23 Cities, waste from municipal facilities
such as sewage sludge, and industrial waste from small and medium
sized companies in Tokyo are put in landfill disposal.
Combustible waste and combustible past of large sized waste after
pulverization are incinerated. A part of the bottom ash is recycled into
cement materials or melted into slag while the remainder of bottom
ash and chemically treated fly ash goes to landfill. Incombustible
waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals and aluminum are recovered
as resources, before the residue is buried into landfill. Large sized
waste is pulverized, while ferrous metals are recovered as resources before the incombustible residue is buried
into landfill. In addition to waste, materials from dredging the sea and the rivers as well as generated by
construction (dirt and sand) are buried in landfills but are placed separately from waste because their
treatment method differs.
On landfill disposal site, furrows are made with waste. When a furrow reaches the height of approx. 3
meters, it covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Subsequently, waste is buried in the resulting ridge.
When the ridge is filled, it is also covered with approx. 50 centimeters of soil. Landfill disposal is performed by
repeating these steps (sandwich pattern). The soil covering prevents the scattering of waste, spread of odor,
vermin and fire. Bottom ash is disposed of using a framing method where a trench is created into which as is
dumped, so that it will not be dispersed by wind.


Environment protection


Incineration plants have done protection to environment. Environment measure is used to prevent exhaust and
wastewater emissions. Soot and dust are removed by bag filters. Generation of dioxins is restricted through
control of waste incineration process and their re composition is prevented by rapid cooling of exhaust in the
cooling tower. Dioxins are also removed by bag filters and decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower using
catalysts. Mercury are removed by adsorption into activated carbon in bag filters and by liquid chelate in the
gas scrubber. Hydrogen chlorides and sulfur oxides decomposed in the catalyst reaction tower through a
reaction with ammonia.
Air from inside the waste bunker is sent to the incinerator where odor is incinerated and decomposed. While
the incinerator is off line, deodorizing devices are used and deodorizing agents are spread. Entrances are sealed
with air curtains and deodorizing agents are spread. A washing facility for collection vehicles is installed. Care is
taken for the layout of machinery. Soundproof walls and vibration control equipment are installed. Ash is
melted and hazardous substances are stabilized using chemicals.





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Recommendation
Government in Indonesia can use the models of processing waste to implement in each province in
Indonesia. The intermediate processing of waste at each province in Indonesia become important because of
Indonesia demographic structure separated by seas and strait. Each province can make a region income from
processing waste in its territory. Income can be used to develop and construct its own territory or invest on
further development of waste technology. Management of waste models can be adopted and implement in
Indonesia, specially, in provinces which almost all that have classical problem with rubbish.
Benchmark to Japan as a country that is succeed to implement waste management in all of its territory,
about 23 city, Indonesia can develop the same way of Japan to manage waste in each territory in Indonesia
which is called as provinces. It is not easy to manage people with large and huge number of population to
concern and focus to reach the goal of green economy in Indonesia. Different character of society is aware as
the other problem to implement it. It is going possible because human resources development in Indonesia
going better every single years. Based on Central Bureau of Statistic data, human development index in
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Indonesia since 2010 till 2016 are increase . It is shown by Table 2 as bellow.

Table 2
Human Development Index of Indonesia (2010-2016)










Implication of this statistic is a slowly change of mind set and point of view most of Indonesian society in
responses global switch of environment, social, economy, culture, and value to a better ways. How is society
view phenomena can impact acts and build the new culture with higher aware. The importance of reducing
waste and cares the environment become a basic reason why processing waste are important to apply in
developing countries, such as, Indonesia. The previous data about how is human resource in Indonesia are
going better is contrast with the data of waste in Indonesia.
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The condition of waste that producing in each province in Indonesia in period 2000 – 2006 can be
described in Table 3, as bellow:

Table 3
Waste Production in a few provinces in Indonesia (2000-2006)












Based on Table 3, number of waste since 2000 till 2006 has a pattern increases. The number of waste is
estimated will increase continuously until 2019. The production of waste, nationally in 2019 will touch number
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of 67,1 million ton a year . Mostly waste are produced by the household. The serious condition of waste in


20

https://www.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/1211
http://sampahmasyarakat.com/2016/03/21/statistik-sampah/
22
https://geotimes.co.id/2019-produksi-sampah-di-indonesia-671-juta-ton-sampah-per-tahun/
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Indonesia attracts attention to solve it. Learning and going deep into central of the problems as soon as
possible in effort to make a correct solution can reduce the worse impact in the future. First steps that can be
started is learn from the country which has face the same problems in the past and succeed to fix it.


GENERAL CONCLUSION
Based on previous descriptions, consistency on implementation the vision is an important thing to drive
transformation. Green Economy paradigm is possible to implement, even though in Indonesia which is known
as the developing country. Indonesia has many potential things to develop by managing in suitable ways. It not
only an optimist words or ambitious will, but it is real facts. Indonesia has 34 divisions which are called as
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provinces . Each province has the authority to manage its regional resources to support the local economy
under control of central government which are lead by the President. Central of Statistics of Indonesia reports
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in last six years human resources development (HDI) of Indonesian society are increase . Human Development
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Index configuration involves longevity and healthy living, knowledge, and decent living standards . Indonesia
focuses on resources which can be renewable and preserve for long term. Policy to explore marine to support
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economy is a one choice followed unstable extractive industries impacts, such as coal mining, on Indonesian's
27
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economy . In renewable energy, Indonesia is the great bio fuels producer in the world . It supports to develop
potential of oil palm plantation to support national economy in Indonesia.
Indonesia geography consists of islands which are separated by seas and straits. The significant of
topography differences between urban and rural areas in Indonesia made government under recent president,
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Joko Widodo, do priorities to develop and built infrastructure primarily on the rural areas . If compared with
Japan as a stable country, Indonesia still lack on infrastructure and technology to support its economy.
Benchmarks to Japan, as a country which are strictly develop technology and infrastructure on its country, will
give an added values for Indonesia to develop its country. Waste management is one of models that can be
adopted from Japan technology. How is Japan processing its waste and managing it would be a good input for
Indonesia to develop next on each province that in Indonesia.
























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http://www.statoids.com/uid.html
https://www.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/1211
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https://www.bps.go.id/Subjek/view/id/26#subjekViewTab1|accordion-daftar-subjek1
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http://www.thepresidentpost.com/2014/08/04/time-to-focus-on-marine-economy/
27
http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/PageFiles/595527/How%20Coal%20Mining%20Hurts%20the%20Indonesian%20Economy%20%20English.pdf
https://www.iea.org/countries/non-membercountries/indonesia/
https://www.indonesia-investments.com/business/risks/infrastructure/item381
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