Toksisitas Metabolit Skunder Penicillium sp. pada Berbagai Media Kultur untuk Mengendalikan Spodoptera sp. secara In Vitro
i
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin Z. 2004. Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Utama Pada Tanaman
Tembakau. Balai Penelitian Tembakau Deli. Medan.
Ahmad M, A Ghaffar and M Rafiq. 2013. Host plants of leaf worm, Spodoptera
litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in Pakistan. Asian J. Agr.
Biol. 1(1):23-28.
Amir AM. 2009. Pemantauan Resistensi Hama Tembakau Terhadap Insektisida.
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau Dan Serat Malang. J. Ilmiah Tan.
Tembakau 8(3):376–380.
Anaisie, PV, Y Eziah and EO Owusu. 2011. The potential of indigenous
entomopathogenic fungi for the management of the diamondback
moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) in Ghana.
Internat. Res. J. Biochem. Bioinform. 1(10):275-281.
Beilharz VC, Parberry DG and HJ Swart. 1982. Dodine: A selective agent for
certain soil fungi. Trans. British Mycol. Soc .79:507-511.
Boucias DG dan JC Pendland. 1998. Invertebrata Fungal Elicitors In: Fungal
Antigen Isolation, Purification, and Detections. (E. Drouhet, G.T.
Cole, L. DeRepentigny, J.P. Latge and B. Dupont, eds) Plenum Press,
NY. Pp 121-137.
Clarkson JM and AK Charnley. 1996. New insight into mechanisms of fugal
patogenesis insect. Trends microbiology 4(5). Volume 4, Issue 5,197–
203, May 1996.
BPTD. 2004. Strategi Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Tembakau.
BPTD PTP Nusantara II. Medan.
Cardona EV, CS Ligat dan MP.Subang. 2007. Life History of Common Cutworm,
Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae : Lepidoptera) In Benguet.
Progress Report. BSU Research In- House Review.
Chase AR, LS Osborne and VM Ferguson. 1986. Selective isolation of the
entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae from an artificial potting medium. Florida Entomol. 69:285292.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 1997. Pedoman Gizi Pada Bahan Pangan. Direktorat
Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat, Jakarta.
Deshpande MV and Pune. 2011. Diversity of Fungi with Special Reference to
the
Fungus
Insect
Interaction.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ii
http://www.mahascience.org/file/Publications/Image/MukundDeshpand
e.pdf. 07 Agustus 2016
Fardiaz S. 1989. Mikrobiologi Pangan. Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi. Fateta
IPB. Bogor.
__________1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Gams W, HA Van der Aa, AJ Van Der Plaats Niternik, RA Samson and JA
Stalpers. 1987. CBS Course of Mycology. Centralbereau Voor
Chimmel Cultures. Belanda.
Gupta, D.K. 2004. Pesticide Exposure. Indian Scene Toxicol. 198:83- 90.
Hasnah, Husni and F. Ade. 2012.Pengaruh ekstrak rimpang jeringau (Acorus
calamus L.) terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F. J.
Floratek. 7:115-124.
IFAS. 2007. Tropical Research and Education Center. Ornamental Entomology
University of Florida,18905 SW 280th Street Homestead, FL 33031.
Kathiresan K and S Manivannan. 2006. Cellulase Production by Penicillium
fellutanum Isolated from Coastal Mangrove Rhizosphere Soil. Res.
J. Microbiol. 1(5):438-442.
Keller SP,P. Kessler and C Schweizer. 2003. Distribution of insectpathogenic soil
fungi in Switzerland with special referenceto Beauveria brongniartii
and Metharhizium anisopliae.Biocontrol 48, 307-319.
Kershaw ER, RB Moorhuose , SE Reynolds and AK Charnley. 1999. The Role of
Destruxins in the Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae for Three
Species
of
Insect
.
Diakses
melalui
http://www.Sciendirect.com/Science/Journal/ pada tanggal 03 Agustus
2016.
Koch R. 1881. Zur Untersuchung von Pathogenen Organismen, Mitthdungen uus
dem Kaiserlichen Gesundbeitsamte. 1(1):1-48.
Laoh J. 2003. Kerentanan Larva Spodoptera litura F. terhadap Virus Nuklear
Polyhedrosis. Universitas Riau. Pekanbaru. J. Natur Indonesia
5(2):145-151.
Lukitaningsih D, 2009. Macam – Macam Pestisida Nabati/Alami dan Cara
Pembuatannya. Bul. Teknik Pertanian 1(4):37-44.
Mark SG and GI Douglas. 1997. Fungi: Hyphomycetes. In: LaceyL, ed. Manual
of Techniques in Insect Pathology. San Diego,California: Academic
Press, Londo. 53-185.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
iii
Meyling NV and J Eilenberg. 2006. Isolation and characterisationof Beauveria
bassiana isolates from phylloplanes of hedgerow vegetation. Mycol.
Res. 110:188-195.
Nio. O. K. 1992. Daftar Analisa Bahan Makanan. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Nurariaty. 2006. Identifikasi Cendawan Entomopatogen dan Perannya sebagai
Agen Hayati Pupa Penggerek Buah Kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella
snellen) (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) di Pertanaman Kakao. Bul.
Penelitian Seri Hayati . 9(2):94-180.
Nurariaty A, PS Annie, A Rosmana and T Meitri, 2013. Potensi cendawan
rhizosfer sebagai agens pengendali hayati hama dan penyakit
tanaman kakao. Makassar. Sulawesi Selatan.
Nwodo Chinedu S, C Obinna Nwinyi and VI Okochi. 2008. Properties of
Endoglucanase of Penicillium chrysogemum PCL501. Austr. J.
Basic Appl. Sci. 2(3):738-746.
Pasaru F, Alam A, Tutik K, Mahfud and Shahabuddin. 2014. Prospective of
Entomopathogenic Fungi Assosiated with Helopeltihs Spp.(Hemipter :
Miridae) on Cacao Plantation. Int. J. Curr.Res. Acad. Rev. 2(11) 227 234.
Paterson RRM, Simmonds MSJ, Blaney WM. 1987. Mycopesticidal effects of
characterized extracts of Penicillium isolates and purified secondary
metabolites (including mycotoxins) on Drosophila melanogaster and
Spodoptora littoralis. J. Invertebr Pathol 50:124–133.
Peterson SW. 1992. Neosartorya pseudo
fischeri sp. nov. Andits relationship to
other species in Aspergillus section Fumigati. Mycol. Res. 96:547–554.
____________. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of Penicillium based onITS and
LSU-rDNA sequences. In: Samson RA, Pitt JIeds. Classi
fication of
Penicillium and Aspergillus: integration of modern taxonomic methods.
Reading, UK Harwood Publishers. 163–178.
Pitt JI and RA Samson (1993) Species names in current use in
the Trichocomaceae (Fungi, Eurotiales). In: Greuter W (ed) Names in
current use in the families Trichocomaceae, Cladoniaceae, Pinaceae,
and Lemnaceae, Regnum Vegetabile, Koeltz Scientific Books,
Königstein, Germany, 128, pp 13-57
Prayogo Y, W Tengkano dan Suharsono. 2002. Jamur Entomopatogen pada
Spodoptera litura dan Helicoverpa armigera. Prosiding Seminar
Teknologi Inovatif Tanaman Kacang-Kacangan dan Umbi-Umbian
Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Balitkabi. 25-26 Juli 2002. Malang.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
iv
Prayogo Y dan W Tengkano. 2002. Pengaruh umur larva Spodoptera litura
terhadap efektivitas Metarhizium anisopliae isolat Kendal payak.
Majalah Ilmiah Biologi Biosfera 3(19):70−76.
Priyanti S. 2009. Kajian Patogenitas Cendawan Metarhizium anisopliae Pada
Media Koalin untuk Pengendalian Oryctes rhinoceros. Dalam Prosiding
Simposium I Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Bogor 20 Januari
2009. Hal. 150.
Purnama HA. 2003. Hama dan Penyakit Tembakau Deli.BPTD PTPP Nusantara
II. Medan.
Sabouraud R. 1892. Contribution a líetude de la trichophytie humaine. Etude
clinique, microscopique et bacterioloqique sur la pluralite
destrichophytons de líhomme. Ann. Dermatol. Syphil. 3:1061-1087.
Safawi MI, I Iwaki and T Miura. 2004. The segregation tendency in the vibration
of high fluidity concrete. Chem. Concr. Res. 34(2): 219-226.
Samson RA, HC Evan and JP Latge. 1988. Atlas of Entomopatogenic Fungi.
Tokyo. Prinjesverlag Berlin Heifelberg, New York, London. 188.
Samson R.A. 1992. Tropical Fruit Longman Scientifik and Technical. Essex.
England. 336.
SAS. Institute. Inc.1992. SAS/ETS. 6.12. Cory, NC, USA, SAS, Institute. Inc .
Sindhu R, Nair G. Suprabha dan S. Shashidhar. 2011. Media Engineering
For The Production Of Cellulase From Penicillium Species (SBSS
30) Under Solid State Fermentation. Research Article, Biotechnol.
Bioinf. Bioeng. 343-349.
Shimazu M dan Sato H .1996. Media for selective isolation of anentomogenous
fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromyco-tina: Hyphomycetes). Appl
Entomol Zool 31, 291-298.
Shimazu M, H Sato H and N Maehara. 2002. Density of the entomopathogenic
fungus,
Beauveria
bassiana
Vuillemin
(Deuteromycotina:
Hyphomycetes) in forest air and soil. Appl. Entomol Zool. 37(1):19-26.
Sintim HO, T Ashiro and N Motoyama. 2009. Response of the cutworm
Spodoptera litura to sesame leaves or crude extracts in diet. 13pp. J.
Insect Sci. 9: 52.
Subandrijo SH, Istdijoso dan Suwarso. 1992. Pengendalian Serangga Hama
Tembakau Besuki Oogst. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan
Tembakau dan Tanaman Serat. Malang.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
v
Sudarmo, S. 1992. Tembakau.Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Sutarma. 2000. Kultur media bakteri. Teew Tebds Fungsiarroi ron Penkd. J.
hayati. Bogor.
Tanada Y and H K. Kaya, 1993. Insect Pathology. Academic Press Inc, London.
Thom C and Church MB. 1926, The Aspergilli, Williams and Wilkins Co.,
Baltimore.
Tohir. 2010. Teknik ekstraksi dan aplikasi beberapa pestisida nabati untuk
menurunkan palatabilitas ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura Fabr.) di
Laboratorium. Bul. Teknik Pertanian. 15(1):37–40.
Trizelia. 2005. Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuil.
(Deuteriomycotina: Hypomycetes). Keanekaragaman Fisiologi dan
Virulensinya terhadap Crocidolomia pavonana (F) [Disertasi]. Bogor :
Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Vega FE. 2008. Insect Pathology and Fungal Endophytes. J. Invert. Pathol.
98:277-279.
Visagie
C.M, KA Seifert, and J. Houbraken. 2014. Diversity
of Penicillium section Citrina within the fynbos biome of South Africa,
including a new species from a Protea repens infructescence Mycol.
106 (2014), 537-552.
Widayat W dan DJ Rayati. 1993. Hasil penelitian jamur entomopatogenik
local dan prospek penggunaannya sebagai insektisida hayati. Dalam
E Martono, E Mahrub, NS Putra, & Y Trisetyawati (Eds.).
Simposium
Patologi Serangga
I.
Universitas
Gadjah
Mada,Yogyakarta, 12−13 Oktober 1993. hlm. 61-74.
Yasin MM, HZ. Hutzt and DDJF Staint. 2014. The theory and practice of
benchmarking: then and now. Benchmarking: An Internat. J. 9(3):217243.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abidin Z. 2004. Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Utama Pada Tanaman
Tembakau. Balai Penelitian Tembakau Deli. Medan.
Ahmad M, A Ghaffar and M Rafiq. 2013. Host plants of leaf worm, Spodoptera
litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in Pakistan. Asian J. Agr.
Biol. 1(1):23-28.
Amir AM. 2009. Pemantauan Resistensi Hama Tembakau Terhadap Insektisida.
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau Dan Serat Malang. J. Ilmiah Tan.
Tembakau 8(3):376–380.
Anaisie, PV, Y Eziah and EO Owusu. 2011. The potential of indigenous
entomopathogenic fungi for the management of the diamondback
moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) in Ghana.
Internat. Res. J. Biochem. Bioinform. 1(10):275-281.
Beilharz VC, Parberry DG and HJ Swart. 1982. Dodine: A selective agent for
certain soil fungi. Trans. British Mycol. Soc .79:507-511.
Boucias DG dan JC Pendland. 1998. Invertebrata Fungal Elicitors In: Fungal
Antigen Isolation, Purification, and Detections. (E. Drouhet, G.T.
Cole, L. DeRepentigny, J.P. Latge and B. Dupont, eds) Plenum Press,
NY. Pp 121-137.
Clarkson JM and AK Charnley. 1996. New insight into mechanisms of fugal
patogenesis insect. Trends microbiology 4(5). Volume 4, Issue 5,197–
203, May 1996.
BPTD. 2004. Strategi Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Tembakau.
BPTD PTP Nusantara II. Medan.
Cardona EV, CS Ligat dan MP.Subang. 2007. Life History of Common Cutworm,
Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae : Lepidoptera) In Benguet.
Progress Report. BSU Research In- House Review.
Chase AR, LS Osborne and VM Ferguson. 1986. Selective isolation of the
entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae from an artificial potting medium. Florida Entomol. 69:285292.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 1997. Pedoman Gizi Pada Bahan Pangan. Direktorat
Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat, Jakarta.
Deshpande MV and Pune. 2011. Diversity of Fungi with Special Reference to
the
Fungus
Insect
Interaction.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ii
http://www.mahascience.org/file/Publications/Image/MukundDeshpand
e.pdf. 07 Agustus 2016
Fardiaz S. 1989. Mikrobiologi Pangan. Jurusan Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi. Fateta
IPB. Bogor.
__________1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Gams W, HA Van der Aa, AJ Van Der Plaats Niternik, RA Samson and JA
Stalpers. 1987. CBS Course of Mycology. Centralbereau Voor
Chimmel Cultures. Belanda.
Gupta, D.K. 2004. Pesticide Exposure. Indian Scene Toxicol. 198:83- 90.
Hasnah, Husni and F. Ade. 2012.Pengaruh ekstrak rimpang jeringau (Acorus
calamus L.) terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F. J.
Floratek. 7:115-124.
IFAS. 2007. Tropical Research and Education Center. Ornamental Entomology
University of Florida,18905 SW 280th Street Homestead, FL 33031.
Kathiresan K and S Manivannan. 2006. Cellulase Production by Penicillium
fellutanum Isolated from Coastal Mangrove Rhizosphere Soil. Res.
J. Microbiol. 1(5):438-442.
Keller SP,P. Kessler and C Schweizer. 2003. Distribution of insectpathogenic soil
fungi in Switzerland with special referenceto Beauveria brongniartii
and Metharhizium anisopliae.Biocontrol 48, 307-319.
Kershaw ER, RB Moorhuose , SE Reynolds and AK Charnley. 1999. The Role of
Destruxins in the Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae for Three
Species
of
Insect
.
Diakses
melalui
http://www.Sciendirect.com/Science/Journal/ pada tanggal 03 Agustus
2016.
Koch R. 1881. Zur Untersuchung von Pathogenen Organismen, Mitthdungen uus
dem Kaiserlichen Gesundbeitsamte. 1(1):1-48.
Laoh J. 2003. Kerentanan Larva Spodoptera litura F. terhadap Virus Nuklear
Polyhedrosis. Universitas Riau. Pekanbaru. J. Natur Indonesia
5(2):145-151.
Lukitaningsih D, 2009. Macam – Macam Pestisida Nabati/Alami dan Cara
Pembuatannya. Bul. Teknik Pertanian 1(4):37-44.
Mark SG and GI Douglas. 1997. Fungi: Hyphomycetes. In: LaceyL, ed. Manual
of Techniques in Insect Pathology. San Diego,California: Academic
Press, Londo. 53-185.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
iii
Meyling NV and J Eilenberg. 2006. Isolation and characterisationof Beauveria
bassiana isolates from phylloplanes of hedgerow vegetation. Mycol.
Res. 110:188-195.
Nio. O. K. 1992. Daftar Analisa Bahan Makanan. UI-Press. Jakarta.
Nurariaty. 2006. Identifikasi Cendawan Entomopatogen dan Perannya sebagai
Agen Hayati Pupa Penggerek Buah Kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella
snellen) (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) di Pertanaman Kakao. Bul.
Penelitian Seri Hayati . 9(2):94-180.
Nurariaty A, PS Annie, A Rosmana and T Meitri, 2013. Potensi cendawan
rhizosfer sebagai agens pengendali hayati hama dan penyakit
tanaman kakao. Makassar. Sulawesi Selatan.
Nwodo Chinedu S, C Obinna Nwinyi and VI Okochi. 2008. Properties of
Endoglucanase of Penicillium chrysogemum PCL501. Austr. J.
Basic Appl. Sci. 2(3):738-746.
Pasaru F, Alam A, Tutik K, Mahfud and Shahabuddin. 2014. Prospective of
Entomopathogenic Fungi Assosiated with Helopeltihs Spp.(Hemipter :
Miridae) on Cacao Plantation. Int. J. Curr.Res. Acad. Rev. 2(11) 227 234.
Paterson RRM, Simmonds MSJ, Blaney WM. 1987. Mycopesticidal effects of
characterized extracts of Penicillium isolates and purified secondary
metabolites (including mycotoxins) on Drosophila melanogaster and
Spodoptora littoralis. J. Invertebr Pathol 50:124–133.
Peterson SW. 1992. Neosartorya pseudo
fischeri sp. nov. Andits relationship to
other species in Aspergillus section Fumigati. Mycol. Res. 96:547–554.
____________. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of Penicillium based onITS and
LSU-rDNA sequences. In: Samson RA, Pitt JIeds. Classi
fication of
Penicillium and Aspergillus: integration of modern taxonomic methods.
Reading, UK Harwood Publishers. 163–178.
Pitt JI and RA Samson (1993) Species names in current use in
the Trichocomaceae (Fungi, Eurotiales). In: Greuter W (ed) Names in
current use in the families Trichocomaceae, Cladoniaceae, Pinaceae,
and Lemnaceae, Regnum Vegetabile, Koeltz Scientific Books,
Königstein, Germany, 128, pp 13-57
Prayogo Y, W Tengkano dan Suharsono. 2002. Jamur Entomopatogen pada
Spodoptera litura dan Helicoverpa armigera. Prosiding Seminar
Teknologi Inovatif Tanaman Kacang-Kacangan dan Umbi-Umbian
Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Balitkabi. 25-26 Juli 2002. Malang.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
iv
Prayogo Y dan W Tengkano. 2002. Pengaruh umur larva Spodoptera litura
terhadap efektivitas Metarhizium anisopliae isolat Kendal payak.
Majalah Ilmiah Biologi Biosfera 3(19):70−76.
Priyanti S. 2009. Kajian Patogenitas Cendawan Metarhizium anisopliae Pada
Media Koalin untuk Pengendalian Oryctes rhinoceros. Dalam Prosiding
Simposium I Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Bogor 20 Januari
2009. Hal. 150.
Purnama HA. 2003. Hama dan Penyakit Tembakau Deli.BPTD PTPP Nusantara
II. Medan.
Sabouraud R. 1892. Contribution a líetude de la trichophytie humaine. Etude
clinique, microscopique et bacterioloqique sur la pluralite
destrichophytons de líhomme. Ann. Dermatol. Syphil. 3:1061-1087.
Safawi MI, I Iwaki and T Miura. 2004. The segregation tendency in the vibration
of high fluidity concrete. Chem. Concr. Res. 34(2): 219-226.
Samson RA, HC Evan and JP Latge. 1988. Atlas of Entomopatogenic Fungi.
Tokyo. Prinjesverlag Berlin Heifelberg, New York, London. 188.
Samson R.A. 1992. Tropical Fruit Longman Scientifik and Technical. Essex.
England. 336.
SAS. Institute. Inc.1992. SAS/ETS. 6.12. Cory, NC, USA, SAS, Institute. Inc .
Sindhu R, Nair G. Suprabha dan S. Shashidhar. 2011. Media Engineering
For The Production Of Cellulase From Penicillium Species (SBSS
30) Under Solid State Fermentation. Research Article, Biotechnol.
Bioinf. Bioeng. 343-349.
Shimazu M dan Sato H .1996. Media for selective isolation of anentomogenous
fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromyco-tina: Hyphomycetes). Appl
Entomol Zool 31, 291-298.
Shimazu M, H Sato H and N Maehara. 2002. Density of the entomopathogenic
fungus,
Beauveria
bassiana
Vuillemin
(Deuteromycotina:
Hyphomycetes) in forest air and soil. Appl. Entomol Zool. 37(1):19-26.
Sintim HO, T Ashiro and N Motoyama. 2009. Response of the cutworm
Spodoptera litura to sesame leaves or crude extracts in diet. 13pp. J.
Insect Sci. 9: 52.
Subandrijo SH, Istdijoso dan Suwarso. 1992. Pengendalian Serangga Hama
Tembakau Besuki Oogst. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan
Tembakau dan Tanaman Serat. Malang.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
v
Sudarmo, S. 1992. Tembakau.Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Sutarma. 2000. Kultur media bakteri. Teew Tebds Fungsiarroi ron Penkd. J.
hayati. Bogor.
Tanada Y and H K. Kaya, 1993. Insect Pathology. Academic Press Inc, London.
Thom C and Church MB. 1926, The Aspergilli, Williams and Wilkins Co.,
Baltimore.
Tohir. 2010. Teknik ekstraksi dan aplikasi beberapa pestisida nabati untuk
menurunkan palatabilitas ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura Fabr.) di
Laboratorium. Bul. Teknik Pertanian. 15(1):37–40.
Trizelia. 2005. Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuil.
(Deuteriomycotina: Hypomycetes). Keanekaragaman Fisiologi dan
Virulensinya terhadap Crocidolomia pavonana (F) [Disertasi]. Bogor :
Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Vega FE. 2008. Insect Pathology and Fungal Endophytes. J. Invert. Pathol.
98:277-279.
Visagie
C.M, KA Seifert, and J. Houbraken. 2014. Diversity
of Penicillium section Citrina within the fynbos biome of South Africa,
including a new species from a Protea repens infructescence Mycol.
106 (2014), 537-552.
Widayat W dan DJ Rayati. 1993. Hasil penelitian jamur entomopatogenik
local dan prospek penggunaannya sebagai insektisida hayati. Dalam
E Martono, E Mahrub, NS Putra, & Y Trisetyawati (Eds.).
Simposium
Patologi Serangga
I.
Universitas
Gadjah
Mada,Yogyakarta, 12−13 Oktober 1993. hlm. 61-74.
Yasin MM, HZ. Hutzt and DDJF Staint. 2014. The theory and practice of
benchmarking: then and now. Benchmarking: An Internat. J. 9(3):217243.
Universitas Sumatera Utara