HUBUNGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI TERHADAP KELAYAKAN USAHA PETERNAKAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) SECARA INTENSIF DAN SEMI INTENSIF DI KECAMATAN SEKAR KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

  TESIS HUBUNGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI TERHADAP KELAYAKAN USAHA PETERNAKAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) SECARA INTENSIF DAN SEMI INTENSIF DI KECAMATAN SEKAR KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO PENELITIAN OBSERVASI Oleh MIMI NURIKA WIYANA NIM 061324353001 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER AGRIBISNIS VETERINER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2016

  HUBUNGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI TERHADAP KELAYAKAN USAHA PETERNAKAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) SECARA INTENSIF DAN SEMI INTENSIF DI KECAMATAN SEKAR KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO PENELITIAN OBSERVASI TESIS Untuk memperoleh gelar Magister dalam Program Studi Agribisnis Veteriner pada Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga Surabaya MIMI NURIKA WIYANA NIM 061324353001 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER AGRIBISNIS VETERINER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN HEWAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2016

ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

  

TESIS HUBUNGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN ... MIMI NURIKA WIYANA

ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

  

TESIS HUBUNGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN ... MIMI NURIKA WIYANA Usulan Penelitian Tesis ini telah diuji dan dinilai pada : Tanggal : 8 April 2015

  PANITIA PENGUJI USULAN PENELITIAN TESIS Ketua : Prof. Dr. Koesnoto Soepranianondo, drh., M.S.

  Anggota : 1. Dr. Sri Hidanah., Ir., M.S.

  2. Dr. Soeharsono, drh., M.Si.

  3. Dr. Dady Soegianto Nazar, drh., M.Sc.

  4. Dr. Mirni Lamid, drh., M.P. Hasil Penelitian Tesis ini telah diuji dan dinilai pada : Tanggal : 8 Desember 2015

  PANITIA PENGUJI HASIL PENELITIAN TESIS Ketua : Dr. Soeharsono, drh., M.Si.

  Anggota : 1. Dr. Dady Soegianto Nazar, drh., M.Sc.

  2. Prof. Dr. Mirni Lamid, drh., M.P.

  3. Prof. Dr. Koesnoto Soepranianondo, drh., M.S.

  4. Dr. Sri Hidanah., Ir., M.S.

ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

  

TESIS HUBUNGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN ... MIMI NURIKA WIYANA

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

  Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas kurnia yang telah dilimpahkan sehingga penulis dapat melaksanakan penelitian dan menyelesaikan tesis dengan judul

  Hubungan Sistem Manajemen Produksi terhadap Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan kaming Peranakan Etawa (PE) secara Intensif dan Semi Intensif di Kecamatan Sekar Kabupaten Bojonegoro.

  Pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih kepada : Mantan Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga Prof. Romziah Sidik, drh., Ph.D., Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga Prof. Dr.

  Pudji Srianto, drh., M.Kes, atas kesempatan mengikuti pendidikan di Program Studi S2 Agribisnis Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan universitas Airlangga.

  Prof. Dr. Koesnoto Soepranianondo, drh., M.S. selaku pembimbing ketua dan Dr. Sri Hidanah., Ir., M.S. selaku pembimbing atas kesediannya memberikan bimbingan, saran serta nasehat dalam penyusunan tesis ini.

  Dr. Soeharsono, drh., M.Si. selaku ketua penguji, Dr. Dady Soegianto Nazar, drh., M.Sc. selaku sekretaris penguji dan Prof. Dr. Mirni Lamid, drh., M.P. selaku anggota penguji.

  Seluruh Staf Pengajar S2 Agribisnis Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan universitas Airlangga atas wawasan keilmuan selama mengikuti pendidikan Magister. Suami tercinta Hermansyah, S.Akt., Ananda tersayang Arya Hasan Wicaksono,

  Almarhum Ayahanda H. Gempur Edy Wiyono, S.H dan Ibunda Hj. Umi Nuryati, S.Sos yang telah memberikan bantuan materiil dan doa, dorongan serta semangat hingga terselesaikannya pendidikan ini.

  Ir. Subekti, MM selaku pimpinan dan seluruh staf Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Bojonegoro serta seluruh peternak responden di Kecamatan Sekar Kabupaten Bojonegoro atas dukungan dan berbagi pengalaman yang luar biasa hebat.

  Semua pihak yang tidak sempat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu yang telah banyak membantu penulis hingga selesainya penulisan ini. Akhirnya penulis berharap semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis khususnya dan bagi pembaca pada umumnya serta dapat memberikan sumbangan yang positif di bidang pendidikan Kedokteran Hewan dan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bojonegoro khususnya instansi terkait serta dapat dijadikan sumber penelitian selanjutnya.

  Surabaya, Penulis

  RINGKASAN Hubungan Sistem Manajemen Produksi Terhadap Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) secara Intensif dan Semi Intensif di Kecamatan Sekar Kabupaten Bojonegoro

  Kambing merupakan ternak ruminansia yang banyak dipelihara oleh masyarakat karena mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan, dapat berkembang biak dengan cepat, penghasil pupuk kandang dan penghasil daging sebagai sumber protein hewani. Keberadaan usaha ternak kambing memberikan penghasilan dan pendapatan bagi masyarakat. Faktor utama dalam menentukan produktivitas ternak adalah terjaminnya ketersediaan pakan. Ketersediaan pakan untuk ternak kambing di Kecamatan Sekar Kabupaten Bojonegoro didukung oleh adanya usaha pertanian dengan memanfaatkan limbahnya sebagai pakan ternak.

  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) manajemen produksi (2) analisis kelayakan usaha peternakan kambing PE, (3) hubungan manajemen produksi terhadap analisis kelayakan usaha peternakan kambing PE.

  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observatif. Penentuan lokasi dan 60 responden berdasarkan metode purposive sampling dari total semua peternak yang ada di enam desa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara teknik kuisioner, teknik wawancara dan Dokumentasi.

  Manajemen produksi adalah variabel eksogen dan analisis kelayakan usaha adalah variabel endogen. Indikator dari manajemen produksi yaitu manajemen bibit, kandang, pakan, pemeliharaan dan pengendalian penyakit. Indikator Analisis kelayakan usaha yaitu Break Event Point (BEP) produksi, Break Event Point (BEP) harga, R/C ratio dan Payback Period (PP). Data dianalisis dengan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan menggunakan program Partial Least Square (PLS) untuk mengetahui hubungan manajemen produksi terhadap analisis kelayakan usaha.

  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) peternak sudah mengaplikasikan manajemen produksi dengan baik; (2) usaha peternakan kambing di Kecamatan Sekar Kabupaten Bojonegoro merupakan usaha yang profit dan layak untuk dilaksanakan dengan analisis kelayakan usaha metode intensif rata-rata BEP unit 26 ekor; BEP Harga Rp.1.807.006,-; R/C ratio 1,33; Payback peroide 2,46; sedangkan nilai untuk metode semi intensif rata-rata BEP unit 25 ekor; BEP Harga Rp.1.638.695,-; R/C ratio 1,20 dan

  Payback peroide 2,09; (3) terdapat hubungan antara manajemen produksi terhadap

  analisis kelayakan usaha dengan komponen indikator berpengaruh pada metode intensif yaitu manajemen bibit, manajemen pemeliharaan, manajemen pakan dan manajemen perkandangan, sedangkan metode semi intensif yaitu manajemen bibit, manajemen pemeliharaan, manajemen pakan, manajemen perkandangan dan manajemen pengendalian penyakit.

  Berdasarkan hasil di atas disarankan: (1) peternak metode intensif lebih selektif dalam memberikan variasi pakan selain hijauan yaitu konsentrat; (2) peternak metode semi intensif lebih selektif dalam penanganan manajemen pengendalian penyakit; (3) penyuluhan dari dinas atau instansi terkait tentang peran manajemen produksi terhadap analisis kelayakan usaha dan (4) pemberdayaan kelompok ternak.

  SUMMARY The Relationship of Production Management to Business Analysis of Goat Farm Peranakan Etawa (PE) in intensive and semi intensive at Sekar District in Bojonegoro

  Goats are ruminants that many maintained by peoples because it easy to adapted to the environment, multiply rapidly, producing manure and producing meat as a source of animal protein. Goat farm business provide income and revenue for peoples. The main factor in determining for the development goats farm business is the availability of feed. Feed availability in Sekar District in Bojonegoro supported by agricultural business which using by product as animal fed.

  This research aimed to knew about : (1) production management on goat farm, (2) business analysis of goat farm, (3) the relationship of production management to business analysis of goat farm. The research was conducted on April-October 2015 at Sekar District in Bojonegoro.

  A observational method was used in this research. The sample villages and 60 respondents were selected by purposive sampling from total farmers in six village. Collecting data had been done with questionaire, interviewing techniques and direct observation by documentation.

  Business analysis is a endogen variable and production management is an eksogen variable. Production management explained by the existence of manifest variables or indicators that consists of breeding, housing, feeding, maintenance, and control of disease. Business analysis was measured by the R/C ratio, benefit, benefit percentage, benefit per month, benefit per head of goat, BEP in unit, BEP in price, and Payback Period. The data analyzed with Stuctural Equation Modeling (SEM) by Partial Least Square (PLS) program to know the relationship of production management to business analysis of goat farm.

  The result showed: (1) good production management is applied by farmer, (2) goat farm business was profitable and feasible was indicated by business analysis calculated for intensive method with BEP in rupiah Rp. 1.807.006., BEP in unit 26 goats, PP value 2,46, R/C ratio value 1,33 and for semi intensive method with BEP in rupiah Rp. 1.638.695., BEP in unit 25 goats, PP value 2,09, R/C ratio value 1,20 (3) there was a relationship of production management to business analysis. Breeding, housing, feeding and maintaining management were indicators of production management that gave the positive effect to business analysis on intensive method and than on semi intensive method is breeding, housing, feeding, maintenance, and control of disease.

  Based on these result is suggested: (1) farmer on intensive method more selective providing the feed variation grassing that concentrate, (2) Farmer on semi intensive method selective on treatment of disease control management; (3) training from government about business analysis and (4) empowering farmer group.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT TO BUSINESS ANALYSIS OF GOAT FARM PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE)

IN INTENSIVE AND SEMI INTENSIVE AT SEKAR DISTRICT

  Mimi Nurika Wiyana

  ABSTRACT

  Goat farm business provide income and revenue for peoples. The main factor in determining for the development goats farm business is the availability of feed. The aims of this research were to know about: (1) production management, (2) business analysis, (3) the relationship of production management to business analysis of goat farm at Sekar District in Bojonegoro Regency. The method applied in the research was observational. Questionnaire, interviews and documentation were data collection techniques. The sample village and respondents were determined purposively (purposive sampling). Number of respondents taken by 60 respondents who have goats 25-50 head of goats. Business analysis is a endogen variable and production management is an eksogen variable. Production management explained by breeding, housing, feeding, maintenance and health management. Business analysis was measured by Break Event Point (BEP) in rupiah, Break Event Point (BEP) in unit, R/C ratio, and Payback Period (PP).The data analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by Partial Least Square (PLS). The result showed: (1) good production management was applied by farmer, (2) goat farm business was profitable and feasible was indicated by business analysis calculated for intensive method with BEP in rupiah Rp. 1.807.006., BEP in unit 26 goats, PP value 2,46, R/C ratio value 1,33 and for semi intensive method with BEP in rupiah Rp. 1.638.695., BEP in unit 25 goats, PP value 2,09, R/C ratio value 1,20 (3) there was a relationship of production management to business analysis. Breeding, housing, feeding and maintaining management were indicators of production management that gave the positive effect to business analysis on intensive method and than on semi intensive method is breeding, housing, feeding, maintenance, and control of disease gave the effect to business analysis.

  : production management, business analysis, goat farm in Sekar Bojonegoro.

  Key words

  DAFTAR ISI

  Halaman HALAMAN SAMPUL DALAM ......................................................................... ii PRASYARAT GELAR ........................................................................................ iii PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................... iv PERSETUJUAN................................................................................................... v PENETAPAN PANITIA PENGUJI USULAN TESIS ........................................ vi PENETAPAN PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS ......................................................... vii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. viii UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ................................................................................ ix RINGKASAN ....................................................................................................... x SUMMARY.......................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................. xvii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......................................................................................... xix DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN ARTI LAMBANG ............................................. xx BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................

  1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ..................................................................

  1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...........................................................................

  4 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian.............................................................................

  4 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian...........................................................................

  5 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .........................................................................

  6 2.1 Ternak Kambing ..............................................................................

  6 2.2 Usaha Ternak Kambing ...................................................................

  8

  2.3 Sistem Manajemen Produksi ........................................................... 10

  2.3.1 Manajemen bibit................................................................ 10

  2.3.2 Manajemen pemeliharaan.................................................. 11

  2.3.3 Manajemen perkandangan................................................. 12

  2.3.3.1 Perkandangan intensif ........................................... 15

  2.3.3.2 Perkandangan semi intensif................................... 15

  2.3.4 Manajemen pakan.............................................................. 16

  2.3.5 Manajemen pengendalian penyakit ................................... 18

  2.4 Analisis Finansial .......................................................................... 21

  2.4.1 Modal usaha ...................................................................... 22

  2.4.2 Total biaya produksi .......................................................... 23

  2.4.3 Total penerimaan ............................................................... 23

  2.4.4 Laba / keuntungan ............................................................. 24

  2.5 Analisis Kelayakan Usaha............................................................. 24

  2.5.1 Break event point (BEP).................................................... 25

  2.5.2 Return cost ratio (R/C ratio) ............................................. 26

  2.5.3 Payback periode (PP) ........................................................ 26

  2.6 Profil wilayah dan sebaran ternak di kab. bojonegoro .................. 27

  2.5 Profil kec. sekar kab. bojonegoro.................................................. 28

  BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL............................................................... 31

  3.1 Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................... 31

  3.2 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ................................................... 32

  BAB 4 MATERI DAN METODE PENELITIAN ............................................. 34

  4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian .................................................... 34

  4.2 Populasi, Besar Sampel dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ........... 34

  4.3 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................ 35

  4.3.1 Variabel eksogen ............................................................... 35

  4.3.2 Variabel endogen............................................................... 35

  4.4 Data dan Sumber Penelitian .......................................................... 36

  4.5 Instrumen Penelitian...................................................................... 36

  4.6 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ........................................................ 37

  4.7 Prosedur Pengambilan dan Pengumpulan Data ............................ 37

  4.8 Analisis Data ................................................................................. 37

  4.9 Kerangka Operasional Penelitian .................................................. 38

  BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN ............................................................................ 40

  5.1 Manajemen Produksi Peternakan Kambing .................................. 40

  5.1.1 Manajemen bibit................................................................ 40

  5.1.2 Manajemen perkandangan................................................. 41

  5.1.3 Manajemen pakan.............................................................. 43

  6.1.3 Manajemen kandang.......................................................... 63

  7.1 Kesimpulan.......... ......................................................................... 83

  BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 83

  6.4 Hubungan Manajemen Produksi Terhadap Analisa Usaha........... 78

  6.3.3 Return cost ratio (R/C ratio) ............................................. 77

  6.3.2 Payback periode (PP) ........................................................ 76

  6.3.1 Break event point (BEP).................................................... 74

  6.3 Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Kambing .......................... 74

  6.2.4 Laba / keuntungan ............................................................. 73

  6.2.3 Total penerimaan ............................................................... 73

  6.2.2 Total biaya produksi .......................................................... 72

  6.2.1 Modal usaha ...................................................................... 71

  6.2 Analisis Finansial Usaha Peternakan Kambing ............................ 71

  6.1.5 Manajemen pengendalian penyakit ................................... 68

  6.1.4 Manajemen pakan.............................................................. 67

  6.1.2 Manajemen pemeliharaan.................................................. 60

  5.1.4 Manajemen pemeliharaan.................................................. 45

  6.1.1 Manajemen bibit................................................................ 57

  6.1 Manajemen Produksi Ternak Kambing ........................................ 57

  BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN..................................................................................... 57

  5.4 Hubungan Manajemen Produksi terhadap Analisis Usaha ........... 51

  5.3.3 Return cost ratio (R/C ratio) ............................................. 51

  5.3.2 Payback periode (PP) ........................................................ 50

  5.3.1 Break event point (BEP).................................................... 50

  5.3 Analisis Kelayakan Usaha............................................................. 50

  5.2.4 Laba / keuntungan ............................................................. 49

  5.2.3 Total penerimaan ............................................................... 49

  5.2.2 Total biaya produksi .......................................................... 49

  5.2.1 Modal usaha ...................................................................... 49

  5.2 Analisis Finansial .......................................................................... 48

  5.1.5 Manajemen pengendalian penyakit ................................... 47

  7.1 Saran................ ............................................................................. 84 DAFTAR PUSTAKA.............. ............................................................................. 85 LAMPIRAN............................ ............................................................................. 88

  DAFTAR TABEL

  Tabel Halaman 2.1 Jumlah penduduk per desa di Kecamatan Sekar tahun 2014.....................

  29 5.1 Hasil Path Coefficient pada peternakan Kambing PE secara intensif .......

  52

  5.2 Hasil Path Coefficient pada peternakan Kambing PE secara semi intensif

  52 5.3 Hasil analisis PLS variabel indikator pada peternakan intensif.................

  55 5.4 Hasil analisis PLS variabel indikator pada peternakan semi intensif ........

  55

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

  Gambar Halaman 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian................................................................

  33 4.1 Kerangka Operasional Penelitian...............................................................

  39 5.1 Perkandangan Sistem Intensif....................................................................

  42 5.2 Perkandangan Sistem Semi Intensif ..........................................................

  43 5.3 Pemberian pakan dan minum saat ternak diumbar ....................................

  45 5.4 Hubungan antara manajemen produksi dengan analisis kelayakan usaha.

  53