I. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Geographic Information System
Geographic Information System GIS is a collection of tools, which can be used for conducting some procedures to collect, store, retrieve at will, transform,
and display geographical data from the real world Burrough 1986. Functionally, GIS can be subdivided into four main components, namely: data input, data
storage and management, data manipulation and analysis and data output Malczewski 1999.
In GIS database, the major objects at conceptual level are geographic object. These objects relate to an entity in real word, which consist of two elements:
spatial data and attribute data. The capability to process spatial data differentiates GIS and other kinds of database application. The spatial data is represented in
form of points, lines, and polygons and is stored in one of two methods: raster and vector. The spatial data can be obtained either by field survey using GPS
equipment Global Positioning System or by the result of satellite image interpretation.
2.2 GIS for Land Suitability Analysis
GIS has been used as a tool for developing alternative uses of agricultural land, precision farming, crop yield or land suitability mapping in determining the
best alternative for agricultural production. The ability of GIS to integrate, display, and query many types of information at the same time makes it an
important tool for decision support in agriculture. Information derived from remote sensing and GIS technologies are being effectively utilized in several areas
for sustainable agricultural development and management. One of the most useful tools in GIS is its ability to form overlay operations between layers especially in
selecting or locating suitable area for agricultural purposes. According to FAO 1976, suitability is a measure of how well the qualities
of a land unit match the requirements of a particular form of land use. The process of land suitability classification is the evaluation and grouping of specific areas of
land in terms of their suitability for a defined use. De la Rosa 2000 stated that land suitability is a component of sustainable evaluation of land use. Suitability
together with vulnerability defines the suitability of a land use. The sustainable land use should have maximum suitability and minimum vulnerability, as shown
in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Land use sustainability de la Rosa 2000 Land suitability analysis deals with information, which is measured in
different scales like ordinal, nominal, ratio scale etc. Based on the scope of suitability there are two types of classifications in FAO 1976 framework.
Current suitability: refers to the suitability for a defined use of land in its
present condition, without any major improvements in it.
Potential suitability: for a defined use, of land units in their condition at some
future date, after specified major improvements have been completed where necessary.
According to Malczewski 1999, spatial multi criteria decision analysis can be thought as a process that combines and transforms geographical data input
into a resultant decision output. The critical aspect of spatial multi-criteria analysis that it involves evaluation of geographical event based on the criterion
values and preferences set with respect to a set of evaluation criteria. The combination of GIS capabilities with Multi Criteria Decision Making MCDM
technique provides greater effectiveness and efficiency of decision making while solving spatial decision problems.
2.3 Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation SMCE Method
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