translator to understand the message the author to the reader that there is no error messages received by readers.
B. Translation Process
In translating, the reader cannot simply transfer the message from the source language into target language. Of course there is a process that the reader
should do to translate a message or a text. Before do the translation process, it is better to know the nature of the translation process it self.
While the reader dealing here is not with an isolable process but rather with a set of processes, a complex series of problem-solving and decision-making
processes performed by translator will attempt a different process. There are three basic translation processes:
a. The interpretation and analysis of the source language text.
b. The translation procedures, which may be direct or based on source language and target language corresponding syntactic structures.
c. The reformulation of the text in relation to the writer ‟s attention, the
reader‟s expectation and the appropriate norms of target language.
7
Translation process consist of three steps. First, analyze the text. Second, determine its meaning. Third, reconstruct the meaning in receptor language.
There are three stages of translation process. The process can be described as follows:
7
Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, London: Prentice Hall, 1988,P 144
Analysis Reconstruct
Transfer
Figure 2: The Process of Translation by Nida Taber
The stages of the translation proposed by Nida are:
8
a. Analyzing the message in the source language text
b. Transferring the messages
c. Restructuring of the transferred message in the target language.
9
The translation process or the result of converting information from one language into another is to reproduce as accurately as possible all grammatical
and lexical features of the source language by finding its equivalent in the target language and at the same time, all the information in the source language text
must be retained.
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The process of transformation itself takes place within memory:
a. The analysis of the source language text into a universal semantic
representation,
8
E.A. Nida and C. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: E.J. Brill,1982, p12.
9
Munday J. Introducing Translation Studies Theories and Application London : Routledge, 2001 P.40
10
Bell T. Translation and Translating : Theory and Practice. London : Longman, 1991
SOURCE LANGUAGE
TARGET LANGUAGE
b. The synthesis of that semantic representation into the target language
text.
C. Metaphor
