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2. Preliminary Field Testing Participants
The participants in this section were three lecturers of Sanata Dharma University. They have been teaching English for long years. Their opinions,
comments, feedback and evaluations were used to revise the final product.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
This section elaborates the instruments and data gathering technique used in this study. It was divided into two parts namely: research and information
collecting instrument and data gathering techniques, and preliminary field-testing instrument and data gathering techniques. The followings are the description of
instruments and data gathering techniques in this study:
1. Research and Information Collecting Instrument and Data Gathering
Techniques
In the research and information collecting instrument, the writer used semi-open questionnaires which consisted of the checklist question with a number
of possible answers. These questionnaires would discover the students’ needs. An interview was also conducted in the research and information collecting. The
questions used were open-ended questions. The interview discussed the teacher’ experiences, her opinion on teaching speaking including the teaching approaches,
materials, strategies, topics, teaching activities and the problem faced by the students.
The questionnaires were distributed to the eighth grade students of SMPN 2 Ponjong Gunungkidul. These questionnaires aimed to gain as much information
44 as possible about their needs. The interview involved the eighth grade student’s
English teacher of SMP N 2 Ponjong. The interviewee was expected to give as much information as needed. Library study was also conducted to find some
sources which were related to the study.
2. Preliminary Field Testing Instrument and Data Gathering Techniques
The instruments used in the preliminary field testing were closed and open questionnaires. The closed questionnaires were intended to obtain the opinions
and comments on the materials design. The open questionnaires aimed to gain the feedback and evaluations to the materials design.
The questionnaires were distributed to three English lectures of Sanata Dharma University. The purpose of distributing questionnaires was to obtain as
much as feedback and suggestions. The results of the questionnaires were used to revise and improve the designed materials.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
This section discussed the techniques of analyzing the data. There are two parts in this section: research and information collecting data analysis technique,
and preliminary filed-testing data analysis technique. The data analysis techniques are explained as follows:
1. Research and Information Collecting Data Analysis Techniques
After distributing the questionnaires to the students and interviewing the teacher, the data were gathered and analyzed. The data were analyzed and