the students’ speaking ability and fluency. There are three factors which play an important role in increasing students’ speaking fluency. Those three factors are
the students’ motivation, the students’ perception toward speaking as a fundamental activity, and psychological factors in the classroom.
a. Motivation
Motivation plays an important role in achieving the success of the study. Nunan 1991 as cited in Lawtie 2004 “Teaching Speaking Skills 2 –
Overcoming Classroom Problems” http:www.teachingenglish.org.ukthink speakspeak_skills2.shtml writes “success is measured in terms of the ability to
carry out a conversation in the target language.” If the students do not practice or learn how to speak or the students do not have any opportunity to speak in the
target language in the classroom, they may soon be de-motivated and lose interest in learning. It means that if the students are de-motivated and lose interest in
learning, they have no willingness to follow the lesson, even to do the activities during the class. If it happens in speaking class, the students will be reluctant to
speak in speaking activities and it is impossible for the students to be able to speak English fluently.
Lumsden 1994 as cited in “Students’ Motivation to Learn” http:www. nwrel.orgreqestoct00references.htmllumsden says that “motivation naturally
has to do with person’s desire to participate in an activity.” This motivation concerns the reasons and goals that underlie one’s involvement or
noninvolvement in that activity. People tend to have motivation if they have a certain reason or goal they want to achieve. When the students have motivation to
be able to speak English fluently because they will go abroad or because they want a job in which the ability in speaking English is required, they will push
themselves to do or practice more than those who do not have any motivation. There are two kinds of motivation. They are intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation. Deci and Ryan, as written in Woolfolk 1995: 332, state “intrinsic motivation is the natural tendency to pursue personal interests and exercise
capabilities and in doing so seek out and conquer challenges.” While, “extrinsic motivation is caused by any number of outside factors or external reinforces”
Harmer, 2001: 51.
b. Speaking is a Fundamental Activity
