as medium of instruction at the subject of Mathematics, Biology, Physics, and Chemistry at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten.
The other participant was the coordinator of immersion official team SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. Since the researcher need complete information and general
description of immersion program which was conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Klaten, the researcher included the coordinator of immersion official team SMA Negeri 1
Klaten as one of the respondents of the interview.
C. Setting
The research was held in SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. Particularly, the observations were done at the immersion class X, while the interviews were done
at the teachers’ room. The research was conducted on 6 April up to 6 May 2009.
D. Research Instruments
In this study, there were two instruments which were used for collecting the data.
1. Observation
According to Fraenkel and Wallen 1993, observation was used in order to know how people act or how things look. In order to identify the immersion
teachers’ problems in using English as the medium of instruction at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten, the researcher conducted eight-time observations.
The researcher observed how the participants conducted teaching learning activities at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. It was done to
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understand how they coped with language problems in using English as the medium of instruction. The data which was collected was intended to answer the
first and second research questions. In the observation done, there were some points to be observed, including
the how teachers’ language performance speaking and writing skills looked like, whether they coped with language problems, what language problems they coped
with and how they coped with those problems while they were teaching at the classroom. The researcher listed the points on an observation checklist and the
researcher adopted the immersion teachers’ language competence which was suggested by Burkart 1998.
Besides, the researchers also used some instruments in conducting the observations, like a video recorder and a notebook. A video recorder was used for
record the teaching learning activities in at the immersion classroom, especially the teachers’ way of teaching. A notebook was useful to note what phenomena
happened in the classroom as well as to express the researcher’s impression, feeling, or comments, questions, and some other additional information which
occurred during the observations, particularly on how they used English as the medium of instruction at the classroom.
In the observation stage, the researcher focused only to observe how the immersion teachers used English as the medium of instruction. From the language
they produced and from their actions, it could be identified what language problems they coped with and how they deal with the problems. The observations
results were significant to answer the first and the second research questions.
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2. Interview
The other instrument employed in this study was interview. According to Ary et al 2002, two basic types of questions used in the interviews according to
the nature of the response desired from the respondents. They were open-ended and closed questions. Open-ended questions permitted a free response from the
respondents to answer rather than restricting the response to a choice from among stated alternatives. In a closed question interview, the interviewer read the
question and presented the respondents with various alternative response options. To answer the first and second questions, the researcher applied the
unstructured or interview which used open-ended questions. The participants were free to give responses. In conducting the interview, the researcher used simple,
polite, but less formal, and sometimes humorous, language because of the close relationship between the researcher and the research participants. It was also to
make the interview smoothly, relax, but meaningfully done. The interview was designed in order that the participants felt comfortable without feeling of being
interrogated.
E. Data Gathering Technique
In this study, the researcher employed two data gathering techniques. They were observation and interview. The observation was done eight times. As
the research participants, the teachers were being the focus of observations done. Each teacher was observed twice. The observation was intended to obtain the
holistic pictures of the teachers’ behaviors in teaching subject matters using
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English so that the first and second research questions could be answered. The data which was obtained through the observation was gathered with the data
which was obtained through the interview. The interview was conducted five times. The first interview was for
interviewing the coordinator of the official team of immersion program in SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. It was done to obtain much information about the
implementation of immersion classes in SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The second to the fifth interview was done by interviewing the four immersion teachers. Interview
was conducted after the second-times-observation of each teacher had done. The interview was intended to obtain further and more detail information as well as to
clarify the observation data which had been collected. The data which was collected from the interview supported the data which had been collected from the
observation. All data gathered to answer the first and second research questions. Gathering the data of the research, the researcher conducted observation
and interview based on the time table which was arranged as follows: 1.
On Monday, 6 April 2009 at 09.50, the researcher interviewed the coordinator of the official team of immersion program in SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The
interview was intended to obtain a lot of information on the implementation of immersion classes in SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The first interview data was
obtained. 2.
On Wednesday, 8 April 2009 at 10.50 up to 11.35, the researcher observed the Physics teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The first
observation data was obtained.
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3. On Saturday, 11 April 2009 at 06.50 up to 08.20, the researcher observed the
Chemistry teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The second observation data was obtained.
4. On Monday, 13 April 2009 at 06.50 up to 07.35, the researcher observed the
Biology teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The third observation data was obtained.
5. On Wednesday, 15 April 2009 at 10.50 up to 11.35, the researcher observed
the Physics teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The observation was the second observation of the Physics teacher. The fourth
observation data was obtained. 6.
On Wednesday, 15 April 2009 at 12.20 up to 12.40 during the school break time, the researcher interviewed the Physics teacher at his room. The second
interview data was obtained. 7.
On Monday, 20 April 2009 at 08.20 up to 09.50, the researcher observed the Mathematic teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The fifth
observation data was obtained. 8.
On Wednesday, 22 April 2009 at 06.50 up to 08.20, the researcher observed the Biology teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The
observation was the second observation of the Biology teacher. The sixth observation data was obtained.
9. On Wednesday, 22 April 2009 at 12.20 up to 12.40 during the school break
time, the researcher interviewed the Biology teacher at his room. The third interview data was obtained.
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10. On Saturday, 2 May 2009 at 06.50 up to 08.20, the researcher observed the
Chemistry teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The observation was the second observation of the Chemistry teacher. The
seventh observation data was obtained. 11.
On Saturday, 2 May 2009 at 12.20 up to 12.40 during the school break time, the researcher interviewed the Chemistry teacher at her room. The fourth
interview data was obtained. 12.
On Monday, 4 May 2009 at 08.20 up to 09.50, the researcher observed the Mathematics teacher at the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten. The
observation was the second observation of the Mathematics teacher. The eighth observation data was obtained.
13. On Monday, 4 May 2009 at 12.20 up to 12.40 during the school break time,
the researcher interviewed the Mathematics teacher at his room. The fifth interview data was obtained.
The whole data obtained through the observation and interview was gathered and the data needed to be analyzed in order to answer the first and
second research question.
F. Data Analysis Technique
