F. Definition of Terms
There are some terms employed in the study. In order to avoid misunderstanding, the researcher defines the terms as follows:
1. Immersion
Immersion is a teaching learning program which is intended to use the second or foreign language optimally in classrooms Dinas Pendidikan, 2008. The
regular school curriculum is taught through the medium of the language in which English is used as the medium of instruction; it is not the subject of
instruction Met, 1993. The main purpose of immersion program is to develop students’ proficiency in the foreign language by using the language
to get meaningful information. 2.
Immersion Teacher Immersion teacher is subject matter teacher who is assigned or selected to
teach the subject matter using English as the medium of instruction at the immersion classes Novasari, 2008. Since English is only used as medium of
instruction on Mathematics, Biology, Physics, and Chemistry, the immersion teachers involved in this study are a Mathematics teacher, a Biology teacher,
a Physics teacher, and a Chemistry teacher, who all are teaching the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten.
3. Language Problem
Problem itself can be synonymous to difficulty, obstacle, hurdle, etc Gillmour, L, et al, 2001. Chambers English students’ dictionary Anderson
and Cullen, 1997 defines difficulty as the quality of being hard to do,
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understand, or deal with. The problems which the immersion teachers encounter may come from two aspects, the linguistics related to the
language and non-linguistics not related to the language aspects Clark Clark, 1977. Relating to language aspect, the immersion teachers’ problems
are limited on the language they use. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the immersion teachers’ problems are the difficult situation which related to
language aspects. In this study, the language problems are limited to the aspect of grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, and language function.
4. English as medium of instruction
According to Villegas 2000, the medium of instruction is the language used by the teacher to teach. Furthermore, teaching the language, or educational
content, through the target language increases the amount of exposure the learner gets to it, and the opportunities they have to communicate in it, and
therefore to develop their control of it. In this study, the language used as the medium of instruction is English. English is used in the real class interactions
and it is not learned explicitly. It means that English is used by the teachers to teach subject matters and it is also used by the students to learn the subject
matters. Furthermore, English is used for means of communication in the classroom.
5. Immersion Class
An immersion class is a non-regular class which is intended to optimally use English in the teaching learning process. The teaching learning activity in the
classroom mostly uses a second language or foreign language as the medium
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of instruction. The students of immersion classes learn some of subject matters in English. The class consists of 25-30 students. The class is designed
and equipped with some facilities, like dictionaries, LCD screen, slide projector, and Air-Conditioned or AC rooms. In this study, the researcher
chose the immersion class X SMA Negeri 1 Klaten as a representative class of the whole immersion classes.
The immersion class X is chosen based on a consideration that the immersion class X, compared to class XI and XII, has more available time to be
observed while class XI and class XII are being intensively prepared to face the National Final Examination. Therefore, in order to fit the time and space
available, the researcher has limited the study to the immersion class X as the observed class from which the research data will be obtained.
6. SMA Negeri 1 Klaten
SMA Negeri 1 Klaten is the best and most favorite senior high school in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia since the school has high quality of
education. This school is one of the pilot schools which implement the immersion program. The school implements the immersion program since
2006. The school is considered as an international pioneering school in the Province of Central Java. SMA Negeri 1 Klaten is the first and the only one
senior high school in Klaten which conducts immersion classes. In addition, the school was the alma mater of the researcher. For those reasons, the
researcher chooses SMA Negeri 1 Klaten to conduct the study.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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