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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into three sections. The first is type of research that explains what type of study employed by this research. The second is method of
data collection. It illustrates which parts of the story are used as the data and how the data is collected. The last is method of data analysis that includes the steps to
analyze the data and the example of the analysis.
3.1 Type of Research
This research uses a stylistic method and theory to analyze the data. Doing stylistics means analyzing a text, in this case literary text, by exploring the
language. Language is very important in stylistics, for it carries a range of linguistic forms, patterns, and levels that have functions to interpret a text
Simpson, 2004. He continues, “to do stylistics is to explore language, and more specifically, to explore creativity in language use” Simpson, 2004: 3. It means
that, exploring language proposes a significant perspective in understanding literary text.
As other approaches, stylistics has its own purposes that have to be fulfilled by the stylistic critics. Barry 1995 states three purposes of stylistics. First, it
presents “’hard’ data to support ‘intuition’ about a literary work” Barry, 1995: 209. Second, it proposes a different method of literary interpretation using
linguistic evidence, and third, it studies how the meanings of a literary work are made and how it can create particular effect through its form and content. Thus,
the task of the stylistic critics is using this ‘hard’ data, linguistic data, in
interpretation. Stylistic critics may support the previous readings or challenge them as well.
Stylistic critics should study the effect of certain language style. Moti 2010 says that doing stylistics means conducting analysis in terms of affective
function of language. He gives example that people may say “My father has passed away or “My father is no more” to express “My father has died.” A person
cannot use or does not use all possible structures for all functions. It can be inferred that each linguistic structure carries certain motive. People do not always
speak or write to express the truth. Sometimes, they hide it in the expression they use.
3.2 Method of Data Collection
The data was taken from the novel Toni Morrison’s Paradise first published in 1997. It consists of nine chapters and the epilogue. The first chapter is titled the
name of the city and the other eight chapters are titled with the characters’ name. Although the first chapter is titled the city, Ruby, it does not merely talk about the
city itself. This chapter does describe about the city, but it also contains a scene near the end of the story. The history of the city is told little by little through the
other eight chapters making the structure of the eight chapters complicated. The eight chapters are titled with the name of a person. However, as the first
chapter, they do not merely talk about the name of the character or are told from the point of view of the character. Sometimes, the name of the character used as
the title only appears in just very few times. Each chapter of this novel may represent different points of view. The narrator also may be omniscient reflector
mode and limited narratorial mode.
However, the data was collected only from the reflector mode omniscient to see the thought of the characters, and the data were selected systematically. The
researcher chose the omniscient parts in the story that have significant roles in the story. It means that those parts show how the particular style creates effect in
delivering meaning through the omniscient narrators. In addition, the data selected are the examples representing the development of the mental process of the
characters. Each of them is called excerpt, and in a character, each excerpt represents different condition to the other excerpts.
This research has selected two characters as the objects of the study, Mavis and Connie. Mavis is a mother whose twin babies are killed because she leaves
them locked in the car. She feels guilty of this accident. Moreover, she wants to escape from her family and her house. Excerpt 1 has twenty seven data to be
analyzed, and excerpt 2 has twenty two data. Excerpt 3 has the most data, thirty eight data.
As for Connie, she has been abused when she is a child before she is saved by Mary Magna and brought to Convent. She has had a love affair also, but then
she ends it. She becomes alcoholic and even worse after she gets a psychic power and the death of Mary Magna. However, she is trusted by the women who live at
Convent as a place to tell their story without being judged. Excerpt 1 contains twenty three data, while excerpt 2 and excerpt 3 contain 21 data.
The examples of the data that have been collected are as the following. Afterwards he spoke to her in the dark. “I don’t know, Mave. I just
don’t know.” 1 Should she say, What? What you mean? What don’t you
know? Or keep quiet? 2 a Mavis chose silence because b
suddenly she understood that he was talking not to her but to the other children, snickering behind the door.
“Maybe,” he said. “Maybe we can fix it. Maybe not. I just don’t know.” He let out a deep yawn, then, “Don’t see how, though.”
3 It was, she knew, the signal—to Sal, to Frankie, to Billy James.
To differentiate the inner representation of the character from the outer, the researcher gave number and made the data in italic.
3.3 Method of Data Analysis
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