2.4 Comment Adjunct and Appraisal Analysis
The analysis of modality, actually, includes not only the analysis of modals but also the analysis of comment adjunct. Comment adjunct is an adjunct in a
clause, but it is significant for the clause. There are two types of comment adjunct, propositional and speech-functional. However, this research will only focus to the
propositional which relates to the analysis of appraisals Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004.
The attitude in the appraisal system deals with semantic, the meaning of the words. Martin and White 2005 mentions three semantic regions relating with
this analysis. They are emotions, ethics, and aesthetics. The first one is called affect, the second one deals with judgment, and the last one relates with
aesthetics. The summary of the attitude as adapted from Martin and White 2005 can be seen in the table below.
Table 2.4.1. The Summary of Attitude
Attitude
Affect Inclination: +-desire or +-des
Happiness: +-happiness or +-hap Security: +-security or +-sec
Satisfaction: +-satisfaction or +-sat
Judgment Social Esteem
Normality: +-normality or +-norm Capacity: +-capacity or +-cap
Tenacity: +-tenacity or +-ten
Social Sanction Veracity: +-veracity or +-ver Propriety: +-propriety or +-prop
Appreciation Reaction: +-reaction or +-reac
Composition: +-composition or +-comp Valuation: +-valuation or +-val
The affect relates with feeling. It has both positive and negative feeling and is divided into four types. They are inclination, happiness, security, and
satisfaction. However, Martin and White 2004 mention that the affect has three
major sets, happiness, security, and satisfaction. The happiness concerns with heart such as sadness, hate, happiness, and love. Then the security deals with
ecosocial well-being such as anxiety, fear, confidence, and trust, and the satisfaction deals with how to reach the goals such as ennui, displeasure, curiosity,
respect Martin and White, 2004. While the affect concerns with feeling, the judgment concerns with the
attitude toward people and their behavior. It is divided into two groups, social esteem and social sanction. Eggins and Slade 1997 as quoted by Martin and
White 2005:52 state Judgements of esteem have to do with ‘normality’ how unusual
someone is, ‘capacity’ how capable they are and ‘tenacity’ how resolute they are; judgements of sanction have to do with ‘veracity’
how truthful someone is and ‘propriety’ how ethical someone is.
On the other side, the appreciation concerns with the evaluation to things instead of other people’s behavior. It is divided into three types, reaction,
composition, and valuation. Martin and White 2005: 56 explain about the appreciation, “… ‘reactions’ to things do they catch our attention; do they please
us?, their ‘composition’ balance and complexity, and their ‘value’ how innovative, authentic, timely, etc..”
As what has been mentioned, some of the comment adjuncts relate to the the appraisals. The following is the table for the comment adjuncts and their relation
to the appraisals as quoted from Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004: 608-609.
Table 2.4.2 Comment Adjuncts and Appraisals
Comment Adjuncts Appraisal
Types
On Subject Wisdom
Wise Judgment:
+cap Unwise
Judgment: -cap
Morality Moral
Judgment: +prop
Immoral Judgment:
-prop On Whole
Asseverative Natural
Judgment: +norm
Obvious Sure
Qualificative Prediction
Predictable Unpredictable
Presumption Hearsay
Argument Guess
Desirability Desirable:
Luck Affect: +hap
Desirable: Reaction
Appreciation: +reac
Desirable: Composition
Appreciation: +comp
Desirable Valuation
Appreciation: +val
Desirable: Security
Affect: +sec Desirable:
Satisfaction Affect: +sat
Desirable: Hope
Undesirable: Luck
Affect: -hap Undesirable:
Reaction Appreciation:
-reac Undesirable:
Composition Appreciation:
-comp Undesirable
Valuation Appreciation:
-val Undesirable:
Insecurity Affect: -sec
Undesirable: Dissatisfaction
Affect: -sat
2.5 Projection of Ideas and Facts
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