Retroflex Places of Articulation

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4.1.2.2.3 Stops

According to Ladefoged 1993:8, stops sounds b, d, g, p, t, k, ß, ɗ, Ɂ are produced if in addition to the articulatory closure in the mouth, the soft palate is raised so that the nasal tract is blocked off, then the air stream will be completely obstructed. Pressure in the mouth will build up and an oral stop will be formed. In the Nataia, the stops sounds are heard in words such as: Table 4.14 Stops Sounds

4.1.2.2.4 Fricatives

The way fricative sounds z, ɣ, f, s,h are produced involves close approximation of two articulators so that the airs-tream is partially obstructed and turbulent airflow is produced Ladefoged, 2003: 10. In the Nataia, fricative sounds are heard in words such as: Stops Sounds Distribution Examples Meaning b initial bana bana walk medial sabu sabu meet d initial duki duk h i push down medial teda t h əda chasm g initial geta gət h a mention medial mege mege put on the waist p initial pema p h ema fat medial sepa səp h a eat vegetables t initial tepa t h əp h a shoulders medial kate k h at h e itching k initial ka’u k h a’u sew medial aku ’ak h u hold in one’s grasp ß initial bhada ßɑdɑ buffalo medial tebha təßɑ spank ɗ initial dhedhu ɗeɗu boil medial sedho səɗɔ pound of maize 61 Table 4.15 Fricative Sounds

4.1.2.2.5 TapTrill

A tap or a trill r occurs when touching the alveolar ridge the tongue trills or makes a single tap. Such a sound in Nataia is heard in words such as: Table 4.16 Tap Trill

4.1.2.2.6 Laterals

Obstruction of the air-stream at a point along the center of the oral tract, with incomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, produces a lateral sound l Ladefoged, 1993: 10. In the Nataia, the sound is heard in words such as: Table 4.17 Lateral Sound Fricative Sounds Distribution Examples Meaning z initial zapa zap h a try medial leza ləza sun noon ɣ initial ghabho ɣaßo sick medial bhagho ßaɣo bag f initial fai fayi wife medial tefa t h əfa spit s initial sore sore talk medial kesa k h əsa add h initial hoa hoa snap ř initial rhasa řasa fence Tap Trill Distribution Examples Meaning r initial rimo rimo all medial tara t h ara branch of tree Lateral Distribution Examples Meaning l Initial lau lau there Medial molo molo fine PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI