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Table 4.15 Fricative Sounds
4.1.2.2.5 TapTrill
A tap or a trill r occurs when touching the alveolar ridge the tongue trills or makes a single tap. Such a sound in Nataia is heard in words such as:
Table 4.16 Tap Trill
4.1.2.2.6 Laterals
Obstruction of the air-stream at a point along the center of the oral tract, with incomplete closure between one or both sides of the tongue and the roof of the
mouth, produces a lateral sound l Ladefoged, 1993: 10. In the Nataia, the sound is heard in words such as:
Table 4.17 Lateral Sound Fricative Sounds
Distribution Examples
Meaning
z initial
zapa zap
h
a try medial
leza ləza
sun noon ɣ
initial ghabho
ɣaßo sick medial
bhagho ßaɣo
bag f
initial fai
fayi wife
medial tefa
t
h
əfa spit
s initial
sore sore
talk medial
kesa k
h
əsa add h
initial hoa
hoa snap
ř initial
rhasa řasa
fence
Tap Trill Distribution
Examples Meaning
r initial
rimo rimo
all medial
tara t
h
ara branch of tree
Lateral Distribution
Examples Meaning
l Initial
lau lau
there Medial
molo molo
fine PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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4.1.2.2.7 Implosive
An implosive sound is a stop made with an ingressive glottalic airstream. Such a sound is produced by way of a coarticulation of glottal and oral closure
involving implosion Djawanai, 1983: 117. In the Nataia, the implosive sounds are heard in words such as:
Table 4.18 Implosive Sounds
One may rightly infer from the descriptions above that Nataia has in its inventory exactly 22 consonant phonemes. The consonant phonemes of Nataia
include: p, b, t, d, k g, f, v, m, n, ŋ, h, j, r, l, ß,ɗ, ɣ, ř, and ğ. The Nataia shares three characteristic phonemes i.e., ß, ɗ and ɣ with
the other members of the Ngadha-Lio language grouping. In other words, ß, ɗ, and ɣ are found both in the inventory of the Nataia and in that of the other
members of the Ngada-Lio language grouping. In the Nataia, ß is found in words such as ßɑdɑ ‘buffalo’, ßuɑ ‘show up’, ßᴐɪ ‘pry up’, ßeᴐ ‘deny’ etc.
ɗ is found in words such as ɗᴐɪ ‘shoulder’, ɗᴐrɑ ‘throw away, ɗeᴐ ‘bring’ etc. ɣ is found in ɣɑmɑ ‘grope’, ɣᴐma ‘difficult’, ɣemᴐ ‘tired’ etc. In
addition, the Nataia possesses two unique phonemes of its own, namely the velar implosive ğ as in ğᴐe ‘negation’, ğeᴐ ‘shine’, ğᴐa ğele ‘sing’ and the
alveolar fricative ř as in rhui řui ‘meat’, rho’i ‘taro’, rhora ‘diarrhea’, rhea ‘a
Implosive Distribution
Example Meaning
ß initial
bhada ßada buffalo
medial rabha raßa
container from palm leaves
ɗ initial
dhora ɗora discard
medial radha raɗa
release ğ
initial only ‘geo
ğeo shine
‘goe ğoe
no negation PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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