Organizing the Data Analyzing the Utterances Indirect Speech Acts

42 This research attempts to reveal the utterances primary act. Leech 1983 and Levinson 1984 object to the notion of form-to-force relation between utterances said in question and act of questioning in particular. This research employed Searle‟s Indirect Speech acts in which he takes advantage of Grice‟s Cooperative Principles. It assumes that the utterances have two speech acts, literal and nonliteral. This research did not only analyze the utterance form. It focused on the conversation context, since the utterance relied heavily on context. The result suggested that many utterances in form of question did not perform the act of questioning. It verified the notion that a speech acts or an illocutionary act can be performed through different linguistic expressions. The questions in the conversation were able to perform act from the five categories of speech acts proposed by Searle. The finding can be seen in the table 4.2 which presents the detailed act performed in each category by the utterances. To perform a specific act in a category, the utterances are required to fulfill the felicity conditions. According to Searle 1965, felicity conditions are some conditions to be fulfilled so that an act can be performed successfully. Sincerity condition and essential condition of an act are synonymous with psychological state and illocutionary point for each category. Thus, each act could be associated to a group in Searle‟s typology. Propositional content for each act is different. Therefore, preparatory conditions specifically suggest the condition of which act required to successfully perform the act. As the synonymous condition for each category could be identified, the analyses would categorize the act respectively in each category. 43 Table 4.2Primary act of the performer’s utterances No. Speech acts categories Number of Appearances Total Percentage 1. Declaratives: 1 0.40 Appointing 1 2. Representatives: 73 29.44 - Approve 2 - Asserting 9 - Claiming 1 - Concluding 1 - Guessing 6 - Confirming 14 - Correcting 1 - Deny 11 - Describing 4 - Insisting 3 - Acknowledge 4 - Reporting 5 - Stating 12 3. Directives: 137 55.24 - Commands 2 - Beg 1 - Inviting 2 - Questions 117 - Requests 7 - Suggestions 8 4. Commisives: 24 9.68 Accepting 5 Offers 9 Refusals 7 Invite 3 5. Expressives: 13 5.24 - Greeting 3 - Statements of excitement 2 - Statements of shock 6 - Statements of terrified 1 - Statements of dislike 1 1 Representatives This first analysis is going to explain the Representatives category. Its special trait is word-to-world which, according to Huang 2006, represents the speakers‟ way to see the world as they believe it being truth p. 1004. The