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through the steps above to be relevant and coherent, the utterances have performed the indirect speech act. This indirectness, according to Leech 1983,
makes sure that each semantical type can perform all of the pragmatic types or speech acts p. 115.
B. Research Framework
The related theories in the previous part allow the researcher to observe the traits of the unusual conversations in the game show. Based on its interest on the
ill-sequence conversation, this research employs Leech and Svartvik 1994 and Radford 1988 typology to check whether the utterances are questions. Then,
Cutting‟s 2002 and Levinson‟s 1984 notions are useful to illustrate the typical conversation. The researcher is curious about the conversations made by the
performers under an unusual rule. To answer the first research question, this research employs
Searle‟s indirect speech act. As Leech 1983 had explained, question is associated with
questioning act. When question performs act other than questioning as it is associated with, the utterance is possessing indirect speech act. To reveal the
utterance primary act, this research analyzes the act using the ten steps mentioned earlier. The act performed indirectly, however, is defined by its felicity condition
in the context. To answer the second research question, the researcher analyzes the
sequence based on the adjacency pair. Based on Levinson 1984 and Cutting 2002, utterances sequences follow a likely pattern to happen in a conversation. It
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is therefore used to check whether the utterances indirect speech acts follow the adjacency pair. If the utterances sequences follow the adjacency pairs, it will be
considered as a coherent and relevant conversation. Regardless of the utterances syntactical form, the sequences are focused on the act performed by the
utterances.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method applied in this research. There are six parts in this chapter. The first part is research method which discusses the method
applied in this research. Research object elaborates the research object and its applied sampling method. Research instrument explains the instruments used in
conducting the research. The technique used by the researcher to collect the data is explained in data gathering technique. Data analyzing technique delivers the
technique employed to analyze the data in the research. Research procedure discusses the steps taken in obtaining the finding to answer the research question.
A. Research Method
This research is qualitative research. According to Wildemuth as cited in Myers, 2000, pp. 1-2, the qualitative paradigm seeks to recognize human
communication trait from the respondent‟s view, through the symbolic actions
and some abundant meaning in the relation with their recognizable behavior. By employing qualitative research, this research is expected to explain the
conversation occurred in a particular context. Myers 2000 also states that “one
of the greatest strength of the qualitative approach is the richness and depth of exploration and description” p. 2. Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen 2010 add that “the
goal is a holistic picture and depth of understanding rather that a numeric analysis
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of data ” p. 29. It tried to deliver an in-depth description and an explanation for
the conversation in the Questions Only game. As its objects were videos of Questions Only game, this research employed
content analysis. Krippendorf 2004 states that “content analysis is a research
technique for making replicable and valid inferences from text or other meaningful matter to the context of their
use” p. 18. Ary et al. 2010 emphasize that
“content analysis is a research method applied to written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics of the material
” p. 457. The videos display the human communication which was observed in
order to obtain the explanation for the game conversation.
B. Research Objects
The research objects were conversations found in Questions Only game. It is part of US improvisational TV game show entitled Whose Line is it anyway.
According to Bromley 2014, “improvisation is a type of comedy or acting
where there is no script; it is free-form and requires the performers to make up dialogue and situations as they go along”. It was matched for the researcher‟s
interest in observing people‟s communicative competence in a conversation. The
show videos were seen as a matter of human communication Krippendorf: 2004. To watch each show, there is a website http:www.free-tv-video-online.me
internetwhose_line_is_it_anywayindex.html which provides the free streaming.
The performers are to make up a spontaneous conversation based on the topic given by the show host. However, it allows the performers to speak only in
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question during the conversation. If the performers do not speak in question or take too long to respond, the host will oust them and the other performer will take
the place and continue the game. Two performers are playing this game, with the other two performers waiting behind the performing ones.
This research employed purposive sampling. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2009, purposive sampling is a way to gather the data by defining the
research subject as required by the analysis p. 431. It employed theoretical sampling which Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 explain as
“one that helps the researcher to understand a concept or theory” p. 431. This research chose the
research objects in accordance with the research questions. There are total seven episodes chosen, they were, season 6 episode 3 and episode 9, season 7 episode
25, and season 8 episode 3, episode 8, episode 11, and episode 19.
C. Research Instrument
This research employed some instruments. The first instrument was human instruments.
Ary et al. 2010 state “the researcher needs an instrument flexible enough to capture the complexity of the human experience, an instrument capable
of adapting and responding to the environment” p. 457. As the data were the human conversations in a game, the researcher is required to be able to capture
any notable thing occurred. The next instrument is the video transcript. According Fraenkel and Wallen
2009, the researcher does not necessarily correct the utterances grammar to prevent a shifted meaning p. 480. This was related to the utterance sense or
