Developing a Farm Plan
2.2.1. Developing a Farm Plan
Where producers have the lexibility to plan the establishment of new facilities, suitable locations can be planned with the aid of resources such as publically available satellite images e.g. Google Earth, or aerial photographs. This will enable grazing and cropping areas boundaries and size to be allocated to the enterprise, and central locations for infrastructure such as permanent yards, machinery sheds, and other necessary facilities can be mapped out in advance Fig. 2.1. Within the total property area, areas identiied for the development of grazing and cropping activities can be informed by; • The current use of the areas; for example whether they are used for crop production or grazing • The soil type and land class; for example well drained arable soils, waterlogged low lying soils etc • Land tenure; for example freehold or leasehold • Existing vegetation; for example trees and forests areas • Water availability and quality; for example lakes, streams, bores. These areas can also be used as criteria for the placement of fences and watering points where fencing is adopted as a means to control animal movement using paddocks. Once this process is complete, the annual and seasonal forage production pasture and crop can be estimated with reference to recent yield data for each of the locations, and used to compare against the anticipated feed requirement of the herd. This feed budgeting Figure 2.1. Example of a farm infrastructure development plan. Source: International Agriculture for Development. 21 Cold Winter Climates approach will enable the producer to forecast feed demand by the cattle and to plan to have adequate feed reserves on-hand throughout the year. Importantly, feed production will vary from year to year due to the efects of climate on plant growth, pasture quality, and soil fertility. Therefore it is advisable that a reserve of feed is planned each year to accommodate for reduced plant growth caused by any of these factors. In any one year, this may amount to as much as 100 of the anticipated feed requirement being stored for emergency use. Each farm should have good road access to ensure that vehicles, including heavy trucks, can easily enter to load or unload animals or feed. Property roads may need to be upgraded or re-sited if trucks are unable to get to the cattle yards. Boggy areas can either be drained or driven around, or they may have to be illed in with rock or gravel to prevent injury to animals and damage to trucks and other vehicles.2.2.2. Paddocks and Fencing
Parts
» LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Importance of Planning LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Timing Trained Staff Planning for Arrival
» Quarantine Facilities Water on Arrival
» Management of Health on Arrival Feeding on Arrival
» Winter Feeding Planning for Arrival
» Monitoring In Quarantine General Health and Husbandry
» Arrival Checklist Planning for Arrival
» Paddocks and Fencing Developing the Property
» Cattle Yards Developing the Property
» Raceways Loading and Unloading Ramps
» Laneways Gates Developing the Property
» Yard Posts Electronic Scales Crush and Head Bail
» Water Troughs Developing the Property
» Modernising Traditional Winter Facilities
» Winter Confinement Feeding Sites
» Confinement Yards Winter Facilities
» Planning Requirements On-Farm Fodder Storage
» Ruminant Digestive System LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Feed Intake The First Limiting Nutrient
» Digestibility Fibre Concepts of Nutrition and Feeding
» Vitamins Nutrient Balance Essential Nutrients
» Water LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Moulds and Mouldy Feeds Cold Weather Impacts on Feed
» Body Condition Scoring Observational Skills
» How to Recognise Sick Animals
» Healthy Animal Behaviour Reading Manure Early Diagnosis and Treatment
» Prevention Rather than Treatment Nutritional Stress
» Understanding the Animal Welfare Requirement Features of Sight
» Flight Zones Education and Training
» Moving Animals Safe, Low Stress Cattle Handling
» Euthanasia Safe, Low Stress Cattle Handling
» Understanding the Animal Welfare Requirement Preventing Injury
» Features of Suitable Cattle Transport
» Preparing Animals for Transport Loading
» Loading Density In-Transit Care
» Unloading Transporting in Extreme Weather
» External Parasites Common Cattle Diseases
» Internal Parasites Common Cattle Diseases
» Diseases Affecting Reproductive Performance
» Clostridial Diseases Common Cattle Diseases
» Other Important Diseases Common Cattle Diseases
» Bloat Common Cattle Diseases
» Australian Health Status Developing a Breeding Objective
» Selecting the Most Appropriate Breed
» Crossbreeding With Local Breeds - Beef and Dairy
» Physical Evaluation of Bulls
» Structural Soundness and Body Conformation
» Penis and Prepuce Scrotum and Testicles
» Semen Sample Ability to Mate Serving Capacity
» Bull Management and Preparation for Mating Bull to Cow Ratio
» Reproductive Organs Oestrus Cycle and Heat Detection
» Mating After Calving Using Artificial Insemination in the Reproductive Cycle Pregnancy Detection
» Preparations for Calving Calving Management
» Abnormal Calving Calving Management
» Failure to Conceive Culling Unproductive Cattle from
» Failure to Produce a Live Calf Failure to Raise a Calf to a Healthy Weaner
» Cast-for-Age Culling Unproductive Cattle from
» Selecting Replacement Breeders Heifers
» Targets for Heifer Development
» Selecting Appropriate Sires for Heifer Mating First Calving
» Relationship Between Feeding LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Animal Identification Calf Processing
» Castration Dehorning Calf Processing
» Early Weaning Feeding Weaner Cattle
» Adaptation of Australian Cattle
» Winter Management Essentials LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Bedding Managing the Welfare of Cattle in Winter
» Water Managing the Welfare of Cattle in Winter
» Feeding in Confinement Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Winter Grazing Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Managing Winter Grazing Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Grazing Stockpiled Forage Swath Grazing
» Bale Grazing Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Developing a Winter Feed Budget
» Traditional Indoor Winter Backgrounding
» Finishing LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Plant Adaptation Forage Species
» Legumes Forages in Farming Systems
» Grasses Forages in Farming Systems
» Selecting the Right Species Anti-nutritional Factors
» Preparation for Sowing Seed Quality
» Area Required Stocking Rate Grazing
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