Winter Confinement Feeding Sites
2.3.2. Winter Confinement Feeding Sites
As an indirect consequence of the BSE outbreak in Canada in 2003 and the subsequent crisis in the Canadian beef industry, many beef producers examined ways to reduce the costs of production of beef in order to remain proitable. One of the notable innovations was to move away from high cost shedding systems, to lower cost coninement yard feeding and paddock management of cattle during winter. Over the past decade, these systems have been developed and adopted widely across Canada and the northern states of the USA, and have led to both the lowering of the cost of production of beef, and improved herd health. Wintering sites are simply classiied as areas where cattle are fed during the winter months outdoors, and require; • A feeding area of adequate size • Appropriate and adequate shelter • A frost-free water source • Winter access for machinery to provide feed and bedding materials. Figure 2.44. Pens with surfaces that are poorly designed create unsanitary muddy conditions for cattle during thawing periods. Source: International Agriculture for Development. 52 Beef Breeder MANUAL Wintering sites may either be full coninement yards, easily accessible paddocks where feed can be taken to the cattle daily and fed out on top of the snow, or where they can utilise stockpiled pasture, forage crops, or bales of hay Refer Section 7. Wintering sites accumulate manure in the feeding and resting areas and around the water source. Because of this, it is necessary to establish systems to contain eluent onsite as temperature increases and eluent thaws in spring. Where this cannot be done the runof water should be collected and the solids allowed to settle to avoid causing pollution. Waste water eluent can be used to irrigate pastures or crops in the dry season, and the solids collected can also be used as a natural fertiliser. Consideration must be given to the position of existing water courses such as drainage lines, creeks, rivers and lakes, or water storages such as dams. The drainage from yards or cattle sheds must not be allowed to run into these areas and contaminate those waters. Similarly, where run of is collected in a dam or pond, the dam or pond should be constructed so that it does not leak, and even with heavy rainfall they will not overill or fail and create additional problems further downstream.2.3.3. Confinement Yards
Parts
» LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Importance of Planning LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Timing Trained Staff Planning for Arrival
» Quarantine Facilities Water on Arrival
» Management of Health on Arrival Feeding on Arrival
» Winter Feeding Planning for Arrival
» Monitoring In Quarantine General Health and Husbandry
» Arrival Checklist Planning for Arrival
» Paddocks and Fencing Developing the Property
» Cattle Yards Developing the Property
» Raceways Loading and Unloading Ramps
» Laneways Gates Developing the Property
» Yard Posts Electronic Scales Crush and Head Bail
» Water Troughs Developing the Property
» Modernising Traditional Winter Facilities
» Winter Confinement Feeding Sites
» Confinement Yards Winter Facilities
» Planning Requirements On-Farm Fodder Storage
» Ruminant Digestive System LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Feed Intake The First Limiting Nutrient
» Digestibility Fibre Concepts of Nutrition and Feeding
» Vitamins Nutrient Balance Essential Nutrients
» Water LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Moulds and Mouldy Feeds Cold Weather Impacts on Feed
» Body Condition Scoring Observational Skills
» How to Recognise Sick Animals
» Healthy Animal Behaviour Reading Manure Early Diagnosis and Treatment
» Prevention Rather than Treatment Nutritional Stress
» Understanding the Animal Welfare Requirement Features of Sight
» Flight Zones Education and Training
» Moving Animals Safe, Low Stress Cattle Handling
» Euthanasia Safe, Low Stress Cattle Handling
» Understanding the Animal Welfare Requirement Preventing Injury
» Features of Suitable Cattle Transport
» Preparing Animals for Transport Loading
» Loading Density In-Transit Care
» Unloading Transporting in Extreme Weather
» External Parasites Common Cattle Diseases
» Internal Parasites Common Cattle Diseases
» Diseases Affecting Reproductive Performance
» Clostridial Diseases Common Cattle Diseases
» Other Important Diseases Common Cattle Diseases
» Bloat Common Cattle Diseases
» Australian Health Status Developing a Breeding Objective
» Selecting the Most Appropriate Breed
» Crossbreeding With Local Breeds - Beef and Dairy
» Physical Evaluation of Bulls
» Structural Soundness and Body Conformation
» Penis and Prepuce Scrotum and Testicles
» Semen Sample Ability to Mate Serving Capacity
» Bull Management and Preparation for Mating Bull to Cow Ratio
» Reproductive Organs Oestrus Cycle and Heat Detection
» Mating After Calving Using Artificial Insemination in the Reproductive Cycle Pregnancy Detection
» Preparations for Calving Calving Management
» Abnormal Calving Calving Management
» Failure to Conceive Culling Unproductive Cattle from
» Failure to Produce a Live Calf Failure to Raise a Calf to a Healthy Weaner
» Cast-for-Age Culling Unproductive Cattle from
» Selecting Replacement Breeders Heifers
» Targets for Heifer Development
» Selecting Appropriate Sires for Heifer Mating First Calving
» Relationship Between Feeding LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Animal Identification Calf Processing
» Castration Dehorning Calf Processing
» Early Weaning Feeding Weaner Cattle
» Adaptation of Australian Cattle
» Winter Management Essentials LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Bedding Managing the Welfare of Cattle in Winter
» Water Managing the Welfare of Cattle in Winter
» Feeding in Confinement Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Winter Grazing Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Managing Winter Grazing Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Grazing Stockpiled Forage Swath Grazing
» Bale Grazing Opportunities to Manage Cattle
» Developing a Winter Feed Budget
» Traditional Indoor Winter Backgrounding
» Finishing LEP Cold Climate Beef Breeder Manual 2016 (English).
» Plant Adaptation Forage Species
» Legumes Forages in Farming Systems
» Grasses Forages in Farming Systems
» Selecting the Right Species Anti-nutritional Factors
» Preparation for Sowing Seed Quality
» Area Required Stocking Rate Grazing
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