purloin the speaker shift. People do backchannels in order to give a feedback to what speaker says. Thus, backchannels do not legitimate the
speakership. As previously mentioned, conversation is necessity for people in
their daily life and backchannels always occur in their daily conversation in order to give contribution during conversation. Thus, the issue interests
the writer to do this research by analyzing a conversation which contain backchannels.
B. Focus of The Study
In this study, the writer will limit the discussion in backchannels which occur during the conversation between Daniel Radcliffe and J.K
Rowling. The video of the conversation downloaded from Youtube in 25 January 2015.
C. Research Question
Based on the background of study and focus of the study, the
writer will formulate the following questions:
1. How backchannels works during the conversation between Daniel
Radcliffe and J.K Rowling? 2.
What are the functions of those backchannels?
D. Significance of The Study
This research is expected to give contribution and benefit in linguistics, especially in the branch of linguistics which is conversation
analysis discuss about backchannels. Besides, this research is also expected to give a reference for the next researcher who discuss about
backchannels using conversation analysis theory.
E. Research Methodology
1. The Objectives of The Research
This research is aimed to analyze the works of backchannels and those functions which occur in the conversation between Daniel Radcliffe
and J.K. Rowling.
2. The Method of Research
The method of this research is descriptive qualitative method focuses on the utterance in the conversation as the research object. The
research will answer the research problems with the description of theory which is related to the issue of this research.
3. The Instrument of The Research
Main instrument of the research is the writer himself by watching the video as secondary instrument, listening every utterance carefully and
repeatedly. Then, the writer will identifies and analyze the selected data
using relevant theory.
4. The Unit of Analysis
The analysis unit of this research is selected utterance which contains backchannels collects from the video of conversation between
Daniel Radcliffe and J.K. Rowling randomly. The topic of the conversation is “The Story of Harry Potter book and film”.
5. The Technique of Data Analysis
The writer uses the technique of descriptive analysis by watching the video through some steps. First, the writer makes the transcript from
the video. Next, the writer identifies the utterance which is as a backchannels. Then, the writer analyses the works and the functions of
backchannels which occur in conversation between Daniel Radcliffe and
J.K Rowling.
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CHAPTER II THE THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION
A. Previous Research
In this research, there are some studies who already researched
about backchannels and using conversation analysis theory as an approach.
First, the research about “Analysis on Backchannels Used in SBS
The Special Broadcasting Service Insight Talk Show Episode Designing Babies” which researched by Nisa Fitria Ansori 2014 in State Islamic
University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. The research discusses backchannels sign that occur in conversation between Jennie Brockle as
host and some participants. The aim of the research is to find out the types of backchannels that occurred and to categorize the functions in that
conversation. The results of the research are that there are twelve verbal backchannels and seven non-verbal backchannels. The others, there are
four functions of those backchannels, they are as continuers, convergence tokens, engaged response tokens and information receipt tokens.
Second, the research about “The Use of Back Channels between
Native and Non- native Speakers in English and Japanese” which
researched by Shigeo Uematsu 2000 in Setsunan University. The research discusses back channels use in conversation between native and
non-native speakers in English and Japanese. The result of the research is
the Japanese female is highly proficient in English and utilized a wide variety of backchannels in both English and Japanese.
Third, the research about “Effect of Native-Language and Sex on
Back- channel Behavior” which researched by Marilyn S. Feke 2003 in
University of Pittsburgh. The research is aimed to compare the usage of back-channel responses and the effect of gender on the production of back-
channel responses among native-English speakers from the United State and Canada and native-Spanish speakers from Chile and Argentina in
conversations conducted by interlocutors with the same native language. The results of the research are the native-Spanish-speaking females show
the greatest difference in back-channel behavior between single and mixed conversations, followed by native-English-speaking females, the native-
English-speaking males, and native-Spanish-speaking males. In addition, the differences between this research and those
previous researches are located on the research problems and unit of analysis. This research focuses on the works of backchannels and those
functions which occur in natural conversation between Daniel Radcliffe and J.K Rowling.
B. Concept
