Materialism Viewed From Phillipa Gregory’s Novel The Other Boleyn Girl

MATERIALISM VIEWED FROM PHILLIPA GREGORY’S NOVEL THE OTHER BOLEYN GIRL

A THESIS

BY:

ANGGI BAHRY DAULAY Reg. No. 060705039

ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF LETTERS NORTH SUMATERA UNIVERSITY

MEDAN 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1. The Background of Analysis 1.2. The Problem of Analysis 1.3. The Objective of Analysis 1.4. The Scope of Analysis 1.5. The Significance of Analysis 1.6. The Method of Analysis 1.7. Review of Related Literature

CHAPTER II CLARIFICATION OF TERMS 2.1. The Description of Materialism

2.1.1. Marxism Materialism

2.2. Literature and Idea

2.2.1 Literature and Materialism

CHAPTER III PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL

3.1 Theme

3.2 Character

3.3 Plot

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF MATERIAISM IN THE OTHER BOLEYN GIRL

4.1 The impact of materialism to Anne Boleyn’s personal life

a. Family Pressure b. Ambition

4.2 The impact of Anne Boleyn’s materialism to the other major characters (George Boleyn)

a. Incest

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion

5.2. Suggestion

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

First of all, I would like to give my huge gratitude to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala for blessings and bequest in my whole life, especially during the process of analyzing and finishing this thesis. Keep on trying and do not give up yet then God will let the way. Second of all, I am grateful to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara, Prof. Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph.D. My gratitude is also expressed to the lovely kindly the Head and the Secretary of English Department for the easiness and supports given to me during my study, I am really proud from the bottom of my heart to be a student of this department.

Third of all, I would like to express my biggest gratitude to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum and Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.S as my supervisor and Co-Supervisor Respectively, I am so thankful for helps, countless guidance, easiness, and contribution to my thesis.

Forth of all but seems like this is the hardest part to say thank you, for my parents Alm. Syamsul Bahry Daulay and Ny. Sarmiati. Pa, I know you always watching me there. Thank you for being a very great father in my life. You are the greatest father that a son would have in this cruel world. Rest In Peace, I will be there someday and we will be together again. Wait for me…(Ps: Mama misses you a lot). Ma, I’m sorry for every single tear from your eyes, I am sorry for what I’ve done and haven’t done, I’m sorry for I hate when I hear you say “sorry” to me (Ma, you never make a mistake to me). I do hope you will recovery soon from your illness, and I hope my graduation can be one of things that you can proud of from me. This is I dedicated for you Ma. I love you more than I love myself and more than the life itself.

Fifth of all I would like to give my huge thankful to all my best fellows I have ever had, who always catch me whenever I fall and reminds me who the real I am. Fauzy

Ozy, Deene Nasution, Adisty Aulia Maryam, Nayla Nurul Azmi, Dewi Syahputri, Beibi Gie Enji, Big family of PCMI 2010 (maybe we are the worse part of the scenario but we are the spotlight of the show) Go Fm 102,6 crews, Starnews Fm 102,6 crews and Hot 90 Fm crews. And for others I can not mention your name one by one but you know who you are and you that I love you. Thank you for coloring my life with so many colors.

Last but not least I would like to say thank you for haters and people who underestimated me. You make me stronger and motivate me to increase my quality of life. You make me stand on my own feet, you make me accept me as I am, you make me dare to accept any kind of challenge and you make me as I am now, Gie Daulay. Thank you very much!

August 2010

The Writer

ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul Materialism Viewed from Phillipa Gregory’s Novel The

Other Boleyn Girl. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai paham materialisme yang

dijumpai dalam novel The Other Boleyn Girl yang bersetting di awal abad ke enam belas.

Materialisme berawal dari ide yang dicetuskan oleh Karl Marx mengenai kapitalisme dan perbudakan. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu konsep materialisme ini berkembang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan pemahaman manusia akan materi. Materialisme berkembang menjadi paham yang mengatas namakan kebahagaian yang hanya dapat diperoleh melalui materi. Baik oleh barang- barang mewah maupun status sosial. Dimana akhirnya paham ini seringkali membawa kesengsaraan bagi penganutnya. Skripsi ini terdiri dari 5 (lima) bab; bab I pendahuluan (introduction) membahas tentang latar belakang, batasan masalah, permasalahan, tujuan penulisan, metode penulisan, manfaat penulisan dan beberapa tinjauan pustaka. Bab II membahas tentang tinjauan pustaka dan teori-teori tentang literature, literature and

sociology, Marxism dan materialism. . Bab III membahas mengenai beberapa unsur

intrinsik dari novel The Other Boleyn Girl seperti theme, character, plot, dan setting. Bab IV berisikan hasil analisis mengenai materialisme yang ditemukan dalam novel

The Other Boleyn Girl. Bab V berisikan kesimpulan dan saran . Dari hasil analisis

yang dilakukan oleh penulis, penyebab materialisme ada 2 yaitu, Family Pressure dan

Ambition. Akibat dari materialisme yang dijumpai penulis adalah kematian dan Incest

yang juga berujung dengan kematian. Sementara hal lain yang juga ditemukan adalah

sense of human degradation seperti self centered, selfish, shameless, high temper dan

juga mendapatkan social judgement.

Skripsi ini menggunakan Metode Induktif. Dalam mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan metode penilitian tinjauan pustaka (library research) dengan cara mengambil data-data didalam novel yang mendukung teori yang digunakan dalam skrispi ini. Sample yang diteliti adalah data-data yang ditemukan dalam novel The

ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul Materialism Viewed from Phillipa Gregory’s Novel The

Other Boleyn Girl. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai paham materialisme yang

dijumpai dalam novel The Other Boleyn Girl yang bersetting di awal abad ke enam belas.

Materialisme berawal dari ide yang dicetuskan oleh Karl Marx mengenai kapitalisme dan perbudakan. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu konsep materialisme ini berkembang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan pemahaman manusia akan materi. Materialisme berkembang menjadi paham yang mengatas namakan kebahagaian yang hanya dapat diperoleh melalui materi. Baik oleh barang- barang mewah maupun status sosial. Dimana akhirnya paham ini seringkali membawa kesengsaraan bagi penganutnya. Skripsi ini terdiri dari 5 (lima) bab; bab I pendahuluan (introduction) membahas tentang latar belakang, batasan masalah, permasalahan, tujuan penulisan, metode penulisan, manfaat penulisan dan beberapa tinjauan pustaka. Bab II membahas tentang tinjauan pustaka dan teori-teori tentang literature, literature and

sociology, Marxism dan materialism. . Bab III membahas mengenai beberapa unsur

intrinsik dari novel The Other Boleyn Girl seperti theme, character, plot, dan setting. Bab IV berisikan hasil analisis mengenai materialisme yang ditemukan dalam novel

The Other Boleyn Girl. Bab V berisikan kesimpulan dan saran . Dari hasil analisis

yang dilakukan oleh penulis, penyebab materialisme ada 2 yaitu, Family Pressure dan

Ambition. Akibat dari materialisme yang dijumpai penulis adalah kematian dan Incest

yang juga berujung dengan kematian. Sementara hal lain yang juga ditemukan adalah

sense of human degradation seperti self centered, selfish, shameless, high temper dan

juga mendapatkan social judgement.

Skripsi ini menggunakan Metode Induktif. Dalam mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan metode penilitian tinjauan pustaka (library research) dengan cara mengambil data-data didalam novel yang mendukung teori yang digunakan dalam skrispi ini. Sample yang diteliti adalah data-data yang ditemukan dalam novel The

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Analysis

Literature derives from the Latin “littera” (‘letter’) which primarily refers to the written or printed words (Kasim, 2005:1). By this statement it can be stated that whatever in printed belongs to literature, such as journal, application letter, medical report, and etc. But actually this informative writing does not belongs to literature because different kind of language use. It is said that, literature is the art of written works. It can be stated that literature consist of beautiful words that written in a text. For example Bear his mild yoke (John Milton). The word “yoke” has different meaning. It’s not telling about tool which on cow shoulder but it symbolized sin. Moreover Wellek and Warren (1964: 94) states “literature is said to be creative, an art”. So it is clear that literature is more that words printed in paper, but it also has beautiful art of writing.

Indeed that language and literature has a very close relationship between each other. No language means any literature. As Capman (1982:2) state “If language is the most advanced form of communication, literature may seen as special use of language, and perhaps as the highest use to which language can be put”. It can be concluded that language is the essence of literature, or in the other hand it can say that language that builds literature

There are three genres of literary works; there are play, poetry, and prose. Prose is a fictitious narrative kind of writing. In general, this is called novel. Poetry is meaningful arrangement of words. Drama is fictitious represented in performance.

There have been three genres known up to the present time drama, poetry, and prose (Kasim, 2005:11). They have much in common but different in expressing idea, style and others.

Novel as a literary works gives information to readers about reflection reality that existed in human’s life. As Taylor (1981:46) state, “a novel is a normally a quite length of complexity which attempt to reflect and express something of the quality of value of human experience”, it can be concluded that a novel is made by the author to express their idea about something based on their experience or people’s experience around them. Human experience in life may influence the whole life of human including the way of life.

In this thesis the writer focuses on the novel The Other Boleyn Girl by Philippa Gregory (at the analysis of this thesis will be shorted as TOBG to make an easier understanding). This Novel is taken place in palace in Tudor England and tells about how ambitious Anne Boleyn to have a higher social status by willing to be a Queen of England. She pushes herself to get a higher class in society because of her family. Her family is really eager to become one of the most powerful families in England and they use Anne to fulfill their ambition. Even Anne tried to have a scandal with her own brother George in order to have an heir to not losing her position as a queen of England. This ambition brings sorrow not just for Anne which she had a dead punishment, but also to England as a country because in order to get Anne king Henry did everything includes political reconstruction which ended with political destruction.

The main idea that appears in this novel is materialism. According to Dictionary of social science (2002:299) defines “materialism is the philosophical position that states everything is material, or a state of matter”. It means that

everything is counted in term of material. In addition Damono (2003:27) said that money is a magic power which control human and creates the essential social status. It means that money is a creature of human which controls them and also their society.

The most well known person who is talking about materialism is Karl Marx (1818-1883). He presented his approached as "the materialist conception of history". Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and changes in human society in the means by which humans collectively produce the necessities of life. Here are Karl Max’s historical materialism principles:

1. There is a division of labor into social classes (relations of production) based on property ownership where some people live from the labor of others. 2. The system of class division is dependent on the mode of production.

(Marx:1859)

By the principles above, Marx makes a classification in human life based on economy. By this fact it can be concluded that to make a classification in human life, material is used as measurable things. Although social class is an abstract things but still how to measure someone’s social class is by looking up material things. In addition, Miller (1984:144) state “More generally, what this means is that everything in the universe –from subatomic particles, to tables, chairs, dogs, and cats, to thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and ideas-everything is reducible to matter which it’s motions and qualities , to physical states, to a position in space and time, to what can be quantified “.

Because it is very interesting topic and people face this reality in daily life, the writer feels that he should make further analysis about this idea, materialism. Again, the writer chooses The Other Boleyn Girl novel as the source because there are

parts in this novel that talks or slightly talks about materialism. Besides it successful in novel, as an English department student, the writer can say that it is a must novel to read because it will enrich the knowledge of English department student about the History of United Kingdom. That’s why the writer interested in analyzing The Other Boleyn Girl novel and entitled his thesis with “Materialism Viewed in The Phillipa

Gregory’s Novel The Other Boleyn Girl

1.2 Problems of the Analysis

According to the title of this analysis about materialism, there are two questions appeared, they are:

1. What is the impact of materialism to Anne Boleyn’s personal life?

2. What is the impact of Anne Boleyn’s materialism to the other major character (George Boleyn)?

1.3 The Objective of the Analysis

Dealing with the analysis of materialism in the Phillipa Gregory’s novel The Other Boleyn Girl, the objectives of this analysis are:

1. To find out the impact of materialism to Anne Boleyn’s personal life. 2. To find out the impact of Anne Boleyn’s materialism to the other major

character (George Boleyn)

1.4 The Scope of the Analysis

This thesis should limit the field which going to be analyzed in order to focus in track. It is also to distinguish between which factors can be categorized into range

of the study and which can not. Therefore, this thesis focused on term materialism found in novel The Other Boleyn Girl by Philippa Gregory. There are major characters in the novel that has strong relationship between each other due to materialism. These major characters show to reader materialistic very clear especially causes and impacts such as family pressure, ambition, and incest. The major characters are Anne Boleyn and Anne’s brother George Boleyn

1.5 Significant of the Analysis

The analysis of this thesis expects some significant, they are:

1. Academically, the writer hopes that this analysis can be very useful for anyone who interested in literature, so this analysis can enrich their knowledge about literature especially historical literature.

2. Practically, the writer hopes that this analysis can be very useful for anyone who interested in analyzing philosophy in the literary works especially materialism. They may make this analysis as their review of related literature.

1.6 Method of The Analysis

Inductive method is used in the analysis of the thesis. Inductive method is taking some specific data that found in the novel and relate it to the theory. As quoted from Djajasudarma (1993: 13), inductive method is:

“Pengunaan kajian secara induktif, yakni data dikaji melalui proses yang

berlangsung dari fakta (data) ke toeri, dan tidak sebaliknya dari teori ke

To make it happened; the writer uses some steps in doing inductive method. Firstly, the writer reads the entire novel which consists of 3__ pages to make the writer has a clear understanding about the novel. Secondly, the writer tries to find out some data that exist in the novel which considered as a specific data to support the title of this thesis about materialism. Thirdly, the writer analyzed the collected data in order to make a deeper understanding about materialism that found in the novel The Other Boleyn Girl. Fourthly, the writer makes conclusions from the data that already analyzed.

1.7 Review of related Literature

In doing this Analysis, the writer read some books which have a relation to the analysis itself, such as:

Sociology by Papenoe (1986:229). This book tells about human sociology from different period and the writer founds one chapter that talking about social class. Papenoe noted that the term class typically refers to a group determined by the role it plays in economic production in society. Occupation is a basic indicator of the production group to which one belongs, income is a principal determinant of ones consumption group.

Sociology by Papenoe (1986:444) also has a clear statement about Karl Marx opinion about materialism which has a relationship to social class. Throughout history, Marx says, fundamental class differences have been based on economic position. In the middle age, for instance, the economy revolved around the feudal manor, co the main classes were the lords, or landowners, and the serfs, or the workers.

Social Stratification and Inequality: Class Conflict in Historical, Comparative, and Global Perspective by Mc-Graw-Hill (1983:90) states that Marx believed that to understand human societies the theorist must begin with the material conditions of human subsistence, or the economics of producing the necessities of life.

Marx and Engels in Mc-Graw-Hill (1983:95) stated that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle. Free man and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor or oppressed, stood in one constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

2.1 Literature

Roberts and Jacobs (1993: 1) states that literature refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, analyze and advocate ideas. In the other words, in a literary work contains many human’s experience which made in the beautiful arrangement of words. Base on that, literature is not only entertaining people but also leads human to learn some new ideas, situation, or emotional expression as their knowledge and unconsciously reflected in daily life.

As general fact, literary works contain various aspects in human life such as culture, social and moral lesson that readers may get and being knowledge from them. In the other words, it may say that literature can make human be more human because it is not rarely that after read a literary work, people could change their point of view upon something.

Roberts and Jacobs (1995:3) distinguish the kinds of literature by stating that literature may be classified into four categories: (1) prose fiction, (2) poetry, (3) drama and (4) nonfiction prose. Usually the first three are classified as an imaginative literature. The genres of imaginative literature have much in common, but they also have their different characteristic. For instance, the distinguishing characteristics of prose fiction or narrative fiction are depicted by myths, parables, romances, novels and short stories.

Moreover, Peck and Coyle (1984:38) basically divide literature into three genres, namely poetry, drama and novel. Poetry is dominated by the rhythm and melody;

drama is the combination of dialogue and stage; and novel is a narrative kind of fictitious writing.

Originally, fiction means anything crafted, made up, shaped up but recently ‘fiction’ refers to prose stories based on the author’s imagination. The element of fiction is narration relating or recounting of well order arrangement of events or actions. Works of fictions usually focus on one or a few major characters that undergo a change of attitude of character as they interrelate with other characters and deal with problems. In the other words, fiction, like all imaginative literatures may introduce true historical details but not the real history. For instance, John Boyne’s The Boy in

The Striped Pajamas which describes holocaust in Nazi’s era when Jews distraction

occurred but the character ‘The Boy in The Striped Pajamas’ or in the novel he called Shmuel did not exist. Its main purpose is to interest, to stimulate, to instruct and to divert, not to create precise historical records.

Non fiction prose is one of literary genre that contains scientific data such as news reports, feature articles, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works. This kind of works have many function, one of the function is as document of events happened in a time. As Wellek and Warren (1997:1) stated, literature can be treated as a document in the history of ideas and philosophy for literary history parallels and reflects intellectual history. So it is clear that if someone wants to know further about the history or the real condition in certain era, it is better to look at the literary works in the period itself because a literary work is a directly reflection of social structure, class struggle and others.

Moreover, major goals of nonfiction prose and imaginative are different. The aim of nonfiction prose is truth in reporting and logic in reasoning. Whereas in

imaginative literature the aim is the truth to life and human nature, in nonfiction prose the goal is truth to the factual world of news, science and history.

2.2 Literature and Sociology

Sociology derives from the Greek ‘Socius’ (society) and ‘logos’ (science) which means the study of all aspects of human and their relation in community (Ratha, 2003:1). Basically sociology is a field of knowledge which concern about human act, human interaction to their social and to other human. Moreover, as stated in Dictionary of Social Sciences (2002: 453), the term of society was first used by Auguste Comte in 1830s to propose a synthetic science that would unite all knowledge about human activity. So it can be concluded that through sociology we can get a deeper understanding about human because we may figure out the way of human adaptation to the nature, the sociological mechanism of human and other things.

In general, the object of Sociology is society. A society is a group of humans or other organisms of a single species that is delineated by the bounds of cultural identity, social solidarity, functional and others (http/www.wikipedia.com, accessed on 13 July 2010). Members of society are may not come from one ethnic group or races. A society may be a particular ethnic group, such as the Bataknese or Javanese; a nation state, such an Indonesia; a broader cultural group, such as a Eastern society; or even a social organism such as an ant colony. It can be concluded that there can be a classification in society because it’s a human being to find out the most convenient to them where they might think they belongs to. The sense of belonging, the feeling of one big family based on tribes, nationality, and other things leads a classification in society. Then the classification in the society is naturally arranged by the society itself.

It is always happened where people try to find out the connection between literature and society. A lot of scientists try to explain this connection through researches and their own thinking idea. Karl Marx and Fredrick Engel’s in 1848 published their theory about critical analysis of capitalism and a theory of social of change called Marxism. In one of the theory called “Historical Materialism”, a fundamental underlying reality of human existence: that in order for human beings to survive and continue existence from generation to generation, it is necessary for them to produce and reproduce the material requirements of life (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism, accessed on 4 April, 2010). It is a methodological approach to the study of society, economics, and history. . It seems obvious it was Marx’s view as the foundation to the understanding of human society and historical development.

2.3 Marxism

Definition of Marxism is an economic and social idea based on the theory of political economic and economic by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In the other word, it is a socialism by which the most dominant element is public possession on the subject of production, distribution and also exchange. In this theory explained about the real position of proletariat in general system of capitalism.

According to the idea, capitalism is an idea that exploitation of the working class (proletariat) by the owners of capital (such as factories, machinery, and working capital) whose profits come from the distinction among the income of labor and the value of the product. In the time, the classical economic before Marx, prevailed in England as the most capitalist country. As the matter of fact, Adam Smith and David Ricardo, by their investigation their investigations of the economic system, laid the foundations of the Labour Theory of Value. Obviously, Marx continued their work; he

provided a proof of the theory and developed it over and over again. He found that the value of every commodity is determined by the quantity of socially essential labor time spent on its production.

According to Marx in www.Marxist.com, a class is defined by the relations of its members to the means of production. He clearly proclaimed that history is the chronology of class struggles, wars, and uprisings. Under capitalism, the workers, have to support their families are paid a bare minimum wage or salary. In the process of it, the worker are alienated because they have no control over the labor or product which they produces. The capitalists sell the products produced by the workers at a proportional value as related to the labor involved. Surplus value is the difference between what the worker is paid and the price for which the product is sold.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, break up the idealist dialectics of George Hegelupside down, appear with the new theory called dialectical materialism and a materialist account of the course of history known as historical materialism. For Marx, the base material of the world is social relations (and mainly class relations, e.g., between serfs and lord, or today, between employees and employer). As an expression of these basic social relations, all other ideologies form, includes those of science, economics, law, morality, etc.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels brought the term refers to a theoretical perspective that holds the satisfaction of everyday economic needs is the primary reality in every period of history. Contrasted to the German idealist philosophy, materialism takes the position that society and reality originate from a set of simple economic acts which human beings carry out in order to provide the material necessities of food, shelter, and clothing. Materialism assumed as its starting point

that before anything else, human beings must produce their everyday economic needs through their physical labor and practical productive activity. This single economic act, Marx believed, gives rise to a system of social relations which include political, legal and religious structures of society.

In his period, Karl Marx was not popular in his lifetime and his writings remained practically unfamiliar to the greater part of his contemporaries. Much of his previous works were deeply affected by Hegel, who believed that a man existence was centered in his capacity for certain reason and then the ideas are the moving force of behind cultural evolution, spurring us on to build our reality.

Nevertheless, after 1844, Marx turned away from such notions and towards ideas similar to Fuhrboch, who said that man made his own reality and that the way they are shapes their reason. Marx said that thinking follows behavior and brought a materialist view. Marx sought to produce an overview of human history in these terms and to explain why history took the course it did. History is marked by the growth of human productive capacity and the forms that history produced for each separate society is a function of what was needed to maximize productive capacity.

2.4 Materialism

As it stated in Dictionary of social science (2002: 299), materialism is a philosophical position that states everything is material, or a state of matter. It means that it is a philosophy of that holds the only thing exists is matter of material; that all things are composed of material and all phenomena (including consciousness) are the result of material interactions. In other words, matter is the only substance.

Some philosophers tried to explain materialism through science since 19th century since philosophical materialism was developed. A German philosopher, George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, found a new scientific philosophy called dialectical materialism. The reality of Hegel’ belief was about spirituality and nature as the product consumption. In the other words, Hegel required spiritual happiness as the most important in life.

At the time, the young Karl Marx adored this idea of Hegel and believed that Hegel had discovered something essential. He especially admires Hegel’s dialectical account of human history into materialism by adapted Hegel’s idea by arguing that economic forces were basic to all social phenomena. According to Marx, production and distribution of life’s necessity should be equal to people, so there is no gap among society. He proclaimed equality is the most important thing in society to live better side by side. When Hegel focused on spiritual happiness and Karl Marx developed the idea of materialism more into economic purpose.

Every individual has to work really hard to fulfill their needs and get better living within life. It is nature of human being to do it, which is why human often called as an economic creature. The goal of economic efforts is the pleasure of human needs. Everyone requires at minimum of food, clothing and housing as the basic needs of human to survive. Those life’s necessities should be had by all people. The production of life’s necessities should be enough to all people and the distribution of it should be spread averagely in order to get better living and equality. That is the most important thing that Karl Marx tried to emphasize.

By the time is changing and so the human’s needs. In the beginning, they just need food, clothes and shelter from the weathers to survive. But by the growth of human civilization, they need a lot of needs for their life such as lavish house,

variation of food, brand new vehicles to ride, or most fashionable clothes to wear. And to have those things, human need to have a lot of money to buy that. Based on those matters, many people try to get better life to fulfill their needs.

The position of material in the first place as the life’s essential needs to survive of human change into prestige of the human himself. Material is no longer interpreted as the life’s necessities but it changes into money as the exchange devices nowadays. But as the matter of face, recently becomes the symbol of success and happiness. This changing process certainly brings a lot of alteration to the human nature. Material which at the beginning is considered as the life necessities turns into human obsession to reach the happiness.

Modern people started to think money has such a powerful function. With money people do not only get anything they want but also they can also do everything they want to do. Even money involves a human status. Money is a magic power which control human and creates the essential social status (Ratha, 2003:27). It means that money is a human’s creation which controls them and also the society.

CHAPTER III

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL

3.1 Theme

Theme is the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Theme commonly discussed by the reader since it is the most confusing and famous term between the other literary elements and can be interpreted differently by each reader. Apparently, The Other Boleyn Girl is a story about family devotion. In the matter of fact, the main theme of the novel develops a much larger by including love story and family ambition. There are some major themes of the novel but the most interesting themes of it are materialism and pursuit of higher social classes as the symbols of success and happiness.

Gregory portrays the life of 16th-century in England where social classes still lead the role of human classification. This era decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching greed, arrogant, empty pursuit of pleasure and even ignore to other human. This fact makes human turns into beast which can do anything in order to pursuit their needs, their greediness and their irrational ambition of higher social classes. Not only in low class society but it is also happened in court in England. Where Anne Boleyn tried to win King Henry’ heart in case to fulfill her ambition, becoming queen of England.

When the Tudor period began in 16th-century, about a third of the population lived in poverty with the wealthy expected to give alms to assist the impotent poor. Tudor law was harsh on the able bodied poor i.e, those unable to find work. The tables had no clothes on them. The Mother and Father would sit on stools and the children

would stand while they ate. Those who left their parishes in order to locate work were termed vagabonds and could be subjected to punishments including whipping. Various inflationary pressures, perhaps due to influx of New World gold and rising population, set the stage for social upheaval with the gap between the rich and poor widening. This was a period of significant change for the majority of the rural population, with manorial lords beginning the process of enclosure.

Gregory positions the characters of The Other Boleyn Girl as reflection of true events on these social trends. Anne Boleyn and Mary Boleyn, sisters who their family works in court tried to get a higher position in order to make their family’s material condition better than before. The gap of rich people and poor people motivated them to get their ambition. By seeing that they are not come from a very poor family, greediness of having higher social classes absolutely in charge.

As Gregory saw it, although the Tudor court was glamorous there was deep poverty and that was a normal way of life. In the 16th-century depicted in the novel, however, fancy clothes and well mannered people do not guarantee that they are satisfied with what they have. Still there is an ambition to have more than what they already have in their life. It is a human being to gain more and more, materialism and greediness do take a role.

3.2 Character

According to Roberts and Jacobs (1995:51), character is a reasonable facsimile of human being, with all the good and bad traits of being human. Generally, a story is concerned as a major problem that a character must be face. It may influence with other character, with difficult situation, or with an idea or general circumstances that

force action. The characters of Fitzgerald novel The Other Boleyn Girl are really interesting, they are:

 Mary Boleyn: The novel narrator, Mary an innocent young girl who wants the best for her family. In her early age of thirteen after married, she asked to take care of King Henry after the accident that Anne caused. Honest and keep telling what he like and dislike, especially when the first time she rejected an offered to become King’s Mistress. This lovable and faithful wife has no choice after her family pushed her to do what they want. At the end of the time she no longer pretend to love the King, but she already fell in love with him. Although she loves her family especially Anne and George, she can be very powerful to say no when Anne asked George to have sex. Mary is also portrayed as a loving and devoted mother to her and Anne’s children. The Other Boleyn Girl is told entirely through Mary’s eyes; her thoughts and perceptions shape and color the story.

 Anne Boleyn: Howard-Boleyn eldest child. This ambitious girl already shown it when the fir time King Henry came to their house. Anne being more intelligent is a statement that often comes from Anne's own mouth or that of the girls' Uncle Howard. Anne is more aware of worldly affairs. She reads intellectual discourses that are popular for her time, and so she appears to be more intelligent. She is also more cunning than Mary. Anne is always scheming for her own benefit. Once she is trained on a specific goal, she will do anything to attain it. She is a materialistic girl especially due to social status. Mary and Anne both described as beautiful and sensual, but Anne is often described as more intelligent than Mary

 George Boleyn: the most heartbreaking character of the family. He is tragically out of place in the world. He is a fantastic courtier, knowing how to manipulate the king without appearing to do so. He quickly and elegantly gets his sisters out of trouble when they say or do the wrong things that might displease the king. George is his sisters' champion. For his part, George is married to one of the least attractive women in this story, Jane Parker. George is more attracted to men than to woman, which is a very serious crime in the sixteenth century. He falls in love with Francis Weston, knowing full well that should this be found out he will be imprisoned or executed. In the end, it is suggested that George gave in to Anne's request that he father a child with her in order to save her crown. Anne hoped that George would give her a son to claim as the king's. George is thus beheaded, with Anne, at the climax of the novel.

 King Henry: In the beginning, though Henry flirts and takes to bed other women in the court, he appears to be devoted to his wife, Queen Katherine. This instills a sense of loyalty (though it is tainted) and a deep capacity to love. However, as the novel progresses, Henry's weaknesses begin to develop. He is "besot" by Anne, as she tantalizes him, then refuses to have sex with him, and continually teases him until he declares he has nearly gone crazy over her. She leads him, like a small puppy, to where she wants him to go. Anne manipulates Henry so successfully that most of England turns against the court. But through Anne's advice, Henry learns how much power he has. He can defy the pope. He can make laws to his liking. He can get rid of his wife—any wife he no longer wants. Henry becomes more tyrannical as he ages. As he physically declines with age, he also becomes more self-absorbed. Mary sees how Henry has never

matured into his manhood. He is childlike in his wants, and his needs must be constantly catered to.

 Sir Thomas Boleyn: Anne, Mary, and George's father. This old man actually a very responsible father. As a leader of his family, he tries to do anything to fulfill their needs. Until he makes a wrong decision by following his brother in law’s suggestion to make Anne as King Henry’s mistress. Later on this novel he becomes very eager to make his “Boleyn” family as King Henry relatives. And that lead him to see the destruction of his own family.

 Elizabeth Howard Boleyn: Sir Thomas's wife, mother of Anne, Mary and George Boleyn. She basically never agrees with his brother idea about Anne and King Henry. Her feeling as a mother knows that it will end with tragedy. But because in this period women are powerless and so does she.

 Thomas Howard: Head of Howard-Boleyn family, one of the more important men in England. He is the actor behind everything. He arranged Anne and Henry, Marry and Henry relationship. Even at the end of the story he tries to arranged relationship between King Henry and Jane Seymour in order to have his position in court. This man is very greedy and selfish.

 Queen Katherine of Aragon—Henry's first wife of Spanish origins. Daughter of Queen Isabella of Spain. This woman loves King Henry very much. She tries and tries to having a heir to the court. She never suspicious about other people, it shown when she welcoming the Boleyn sisters very well at the court. Until at the end of the story, she still treat herself as truly Queen of England although Henry already divorced her. She is very loveable to her society.

 Jane Parker: George Boleyn's wife through arranged marriage. She is forever spying on the Boleyns and has the most obnoxious sense of sociability. She is the one who tells King about Anne and George scandal in incest.

 William Stafford: An independent man who teaches Mary to think for herself. William's love has no other motivation than to find and to give happiness.

 Henry Percy: Friend of Anne and George. He is accused and beheaded for adultery with Anne.

 Jane Seymour: Young girl of the Seymour family who wins the king's fancy after Anne cannot conceive a son.

 Francis Weston—courtier with whom George Boleyn has a homosexual affair.

3.3 Plot

Plot is often defined as a narrative of motivated actions, involve some conflicts which are finally solved in the end of the story. It is based on the interactions of causes and effects as the author put sequentially or chronologically. In the novel The

Other Boleyn Girl, Sir Thomas and Lady Elizabeth Boleyn arrange for the marriage of

their sweet-natured daughter Mary to local merchant William Carey. Finding a husband for Mary's elder sister Anne will be more problematic. Lady Elizabeth's brother Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, aware that King Henry VIII is tiring of his wife Katherine of Aragon who has failed to give him an heir, plans to make Anne the king's mistress.

Henry is invited to the Boleyn estate. Anne is really happy because as the eldest sister she should marry first than her sister. Actually Anne has other willing beside love and found a husband, she just as greedy as her family in order to raise their social classes. But Anne's impetuosity causes him to be injured during a hunt.

Mary nurses him back to health. While being taking care, King Henry and Mary have some conversation which ended with sympathy from King Henry to Marry. Smitten with her, he orders her and her family to attend him at court, although he already knew that Marry is somebody’s wife.

Mary tries to say no for million of times but her family insist her to do what King orders. King Henry offers a high position in court for her family and also high position for her husband. While Mary turns back and asked a support from her husband, he can not do anything because it’ a King order and the position which offered is very demanding.

Henry makes Mary his mistress, pacifying her husband and her brother George with titles. Anne secretly marries Henry Percy, heir to the Duke of Northumberland, upsetting his father's dynastic plans. Anne thoughts that nobody knew her marriage then she tell it to Mary. Shockingly Marry become so angry with this secret marriage. Without Anne permission she tells everything to her father and uncle. Knowing that her secret already revealed, Anne becomes so furious to Mary. She fell backstabbed and betrayed. The marriage is annulled and Anne banished in disgrace to France. Before leaving to France her mother asked Anne to teach herself at the French court and come back by becoming someone new.

Mary becomes pregnant; fearful of injuring the unborn child, the king shuns her bed. Norfolk, worried that the king's affections may stray, summons Anne back from France to beguile him. Anne keeps her promise to her mom, she come back with the whole new personality. She becomes more mature, wise and the most important thing is mysterious and sexy. She knows how to attract men even that man is a king. That entire she got when she was punished at the French court.

She succeeds, alienating King Henry from Mary. Even when Mary birthing a son for him, he no longer cares. Mary is so upset with Anne, but for Anne it’s all worth it. She still can not forgive Marry for what she did about her marriage to Henry Percy. Not only Mary, Anne’s father and uncle also worried about what Anne’s did o Mary. They are too scared that Anne will ruin their plan.

Anne really knows how to handle Henry, she shrewdly withholds sex until he will divorce Katherine and marry her. All that Anne did just make Henry crazier about her. That’s why it not a surprise when Henry agrees, prompting a schism with the Church of Rome. Mary gives birth to a boy, but Henry drops her at Anne's insistence.

Now queen, Anne bears Henry a daughter, Elizabeth. Still obsessed with fathering a legitimate male heir, Henry begins paying attention to Jane Seymour. Anne becomes pregnant again but miscarries. In desperation, she asks her brother George to have sex with her. George's wife lane Parker finds out about this demand and reports it to the king. George and Anne are executed. Mary takes Anne's daughter Elizabeth and brings her up far from court.

3.4 Setting

The setting of Gregory's novel, The Other Boleyn Girl, is sixteenth-century England, beginning in 1521, with the reunion of the Boleyn sisters in King Henry the VIII's court and ending in 1536 with the beheading of Anne Boleyn.

This was a tumultuous time in British history. Henry VIII came to power at the beginning of this century in 1509. Four years later, Earl of Surrey, Thomas Howard (of the powerful Howard-Boleyn family in this novel) defeated the Scots who attempted to invade Britain. In 1517, Martin Luther launched the Protestant Reformation against the Catholic Church, which in turn, influenced Henry VIII's bold

move to claim that he, not the pope, was the head of the church in England. In 1533, when Henry marries Anne Boleyn, he is excommunicated from the Catholic Church.

On other political fronts, Queen Katherine, Henry's first wife, lost favor not only because she did not bear a son for Henry but also because her nephew, Charles, who became Emperor Charles V of Spain, turned against King Henry by not supporting British forces in Henry's bid to take over France. Henry wanted to be king of both England and France and was led to believe that Charles would help him in this move. However, as it turned out, Charles was interested in expanding his own power. He captured the northern portion of France and Italy instead and claimed himself emperor.

There had never been a female monarch at this time in England, for instance. Women were taught they were inferior to men and in some cases, women were considered the instruments of the devil. From an early age, women were taught to obey their parents without question. This belief was carried into marriage, where women would do the same with their husbands. It was rare that a woman received an education. Jane Seymour, whom King Henry married after Anne Boleyn, could barely read, though Anne Boleyn was highly educated. In terms of marriage, it was rare that a woman of noble birth would choose her own husband. Marriages in the nobility were based on political or economic gain for the woman's family. Royal marriages were largely arranged for political and military power. Often kings and queens did not see one another until their wedding day. Because of the lower ranking of women, a male heir was the only assurance of passing titles and family wealth from one generation to the other. Thus the crazed need, as perceived by Henry, for a son.

CHAPTER IV

MATERIALISM IN THE OTHER BOLEYN GIRL

4.1 The Impact of Materialism to Anne Boleyn Personal Life a. Family Pressure

Family is a smallest part of the society. In a family there is a social connection between father, mother, children and other family’s member. This is the very first place where human grow and having a character development. This is why, family taking a very big role and very important part in human’s life. People’s behavior and attitude is shaped in his family such as they way they talk, think, act and react. Children often imitate their family’s member behaviors, even there is a terms which says that someone’s behavior is a reflection of his family.

As a part of society, the goal of family is making its member as a good member of society. To make it real, family usually teach their children how to be a good member of society by choosing the best school, the best environment, and the best method of growing children due to character shaping. This responsibility and society pressure sometimes brings devastation to a family. Parents always afraid that their children could not be as what they hope and get a bad label from society. Social judgment that one family is failed in raising their children is always become a nightmare to a parents. And the achievement of having good children is getting a respect from a society which parents always dream of. This condition leads parents start to give a pressure to their children.

Family pressure could happen for reasons but mostly it leads by social judgment. Parents always care with social label to their family. Instead of increasing their quality of raising children, they choose to press their children become of what

they want. Family starts being selfish by not concerning what their children want, but turn into what family wants. Family often uses their children devotion as a weapon to press their children and to fulfill their own goals.

In Gregory’s The Other Boleyn Gil, it portrays the life of England in the beginning of the 16th century. In this period happened the classification of human based on economical thing or material thing. Such as slave and landowner, ordinary people and duke with his duchess etc. This is why so many people struggle to increase their family status or their social status by such things. For example is by arranging a marriage with someone who has a higher social class. In this terms mostly family or parents do take a role to make it happened. They are considering their children as tolls to fulfill their ego, having a higher social class without being alarmed what their children exactly want. While as children, they can not do anything, they are too afraid to rebel and get such punishment from their family. Bu the main reason is because of their devotion to their family.

Family devotion is demonstrated in the way that the three Boleyn siblings do whatever their parents ask of them. They sacrifice their personal desires for the good of the family. They are siblings who are tied together through a combination of social and familial pressures and expectations. While they can no do anything, their family becomes crazy in making their own obsession come true.

In the very beginning, family pressure is not straightly happened to Anne, for the very first time they push it to Mary because the King desires her

“if the king has her, and she conceives his bastard, then we have much to play for” (TOBG p, 28)

This is where anything started. Their uncle Howard already gave a command to do whatever it takes to win the King. If this is happened by the words “then we

have much to play for” shows clearly that he represents his Boleyn-Howard family wants to have more power if they have the King. In this very beginning part Howard-Boleyn family already shows who they really are, material chaser. They can do anything to fulfill their goals even though its sacrifice their own child desire. But still it is hard for Mary to do it because she already married with William Carey.

“I can’t do it,” I said out loud

“Sir, I am sorry, but I love the queen. She is a great lady and I can’t betray her. I promise before God o cleave only to my husband, and surely I shouldn’t betray him? I know the king is the king; but you can’t want me to?Surely?Sir, I can’t do it.” (TOBG p,29)

From the statement above, although Mary tries to rebel but we can see that she shout it up with very polite words. It really clears that children have no rights to rebel their family even Mary is too afraid to rebel her family’s big plan. Gregory keeps showing what really happened in 16th century where children have no rights to say what they want. Children are just member of a family. Family’s point of view to their children is they just a kid and they don’t know what they are saying. Although Mary tries to express her objection to what her family plan but sure it is useless.

“What am I supposed to do with this delicate conscience?” he asked the air above the table. (TOBG p,29)

Her uncle Howard makes it straight that any kind of rebel is not acceptable. Even he thinks that this is just a “delicate” rebel, means that it has no power to rebel him. Because the one who rebelling him is as a children in family and as an uncle he is the one who have more power than them who control everything and can not be rebelled.

Uncle Howard is very appropriate character which shows family pressure really clear. He thinks that his thought is the best for the rest of the family. He is a type of a man that can easily press someone who hasn’t much power as he has in order to get what he wants. I this case, children is the one who hasn’t power as much as he has. Children have no rights to say what they want let alone rebel what their family asked them to do.

Everything seems like made each other. The family pressure is always win not just because the pressure it self, but also the devotion from children to their family. Gregory tries to emphasize the devotion of the children through the conversation between Mary and Anne.

“D’you know better than you mother?” Anne asked bluntly “Of course not!”

“Better than you father?Your uncle?” I shook my head

“They are planning a good future for you,” Anne said solemnly. (TOBG p,32)

These sisters have the same mindset that the family knows what’s better for them. As a good sister, Anne tries to warn her sister what a child should do. And as a good child Marry agrees with her. Marry too afraid to rebel her family although she knew that it is all wrong. Moreover there is a faith in her mind that parents or family knows what best for her. It is not her who decided her future but her family does. Her family uses this kind of faith and trustiness to more press her. Even they don’t want to see any kind of failure during the process of making their own obsession comes true.

In the process of getting the king Mary did something wrong and make her family becomes angry with her. Again in this position Mary as a children already turns into tools to make their obsession comes true. They do not assume that Mary is a human who can make mistakes. They assume that Marry is a tool to fulfilling their needs. And as a tool perfection is a must.

“You had him in your hand and you lost him. What did you do wrong?” (TOBG p, 57)

“You must have done something. At the jousting he had your kerchief under his breastplate. You must have done something to upset him after that.” (TOBG p, 57)

“For God’s sake.” Uncle Howard glared at my mother. “You assured me that she had been properly brought up. Half her life spent in the French court and she whines at him as if she were a shepherd girl behind a haystack?” (TOBG p, 57)

Uncle Howard becomes very angry with Mary when she did something wrong. It is all because he is too afraid that his obsession of getting material and power would be failed. His obsession and family obsession already control him. So every single mistake is not acceptable. He can not think more clear to solve the problem; moreover there is a chance that his plan would be failed.

“Don’t you think there are Seymour girls dancing for him at this very moment?” (TOBG p,58)

This is why he becomes very furious and out of control. Once he saw a chance to become a very powerful and have a lot of material because the king desires Mary. Now it’s like that chance will come to an end and he is not ready yet to give up on everything while the process of getting his ambition already begin. That is the source of family pressure, obsession about something that leads with using other family member as tools to fulfill it.

Actually at this time Anne already shows that she is actually can do what her family asked Mary to do. She thinks that she can do it better than Mary. And as an eldest sister it is supposed to be her that given a task which very challenging and have a great impact toward her family. Anne already jealous with her sister and starts to think that she can replace Mary in this family task.

Anne gleamed her spiteful little smile “---All she has to do when she returns is to behave so well that she enchants the most educated, the most witty, the most handsome prince in Christendom. D’you think she can do it?” (TOBG p,58)

From the quotation above Anne tries to give a solution how to win king’s heart. At the beginning of the quotation she act like a good sister who giving advice for the sake of the family. But she ended her statement with a question which shows that she hesitates on Mary’s ability. By asking “D’you think she can do it?” Anne tries to emphasize that Mary is no longer the right person to do that task. In addition, Anne already give the solution in the beginning of the quotation, it shows that Anne tries to say that she is the right one to do that ask. She is the one who give solution for the problem to be solved, so why other person should in charge, why not her?

Anne’s effort to ensure her family works. She really knows how to behave and ensure other people about her ability. Furthermore, it is her family that needs to believe on her. She already knew how her family is look a like, and she knows how to handle it in case to make them believe on her.

Uncle Howard’s attention had moved from me and my future as the brood mare for the family. Instead he was looking at Anne as if he had seen her for he first time. “Not many maids on your age think as clearly as you.”

She smiled at him. “I am a Howard like you” (TOBG p, 59)

From the quotation above it is very clear that her uncle already impressed with Anne’s suggestion. Once a gain, this is her family who needs to be ensure and she knows how to do it. By saying “I am a Howard like you” Anne tries to win her uncle’s heart and tries to make her uncle count on her. If she is a Howard just like him, she may have the same thought with her uncle. Moreover it would not too hard to lead her to fulfill family obsession.

“Uncle likes her best,” I said resentfully

“He likes nobody. But he wonders how far she might go.” (TOBG p, 234)

It is very clear that family obsession can turn someone into stone hearted beast which presses other member of family in order to fulfill his needs. He is no longer assuming that the other member of a family is a human, he assuming that they are a tool to fulfill his obsession. We can see that very clear when Uncle Howard turns into Anne to get the king. It is all because he saw Anne as more useful tool than Mary. He saw Anne as a very bright way to lead him to get his obsession. And he would not let it go; he is too smart and too blind to not use Anne in this big challenging task of the family. This is where family obsession turns into her and Anne is more than ready to do it.

b. Ambition

Human needs have functioned to help the human survive and live. This is the very basic understanding of human needs. But by the time is changing and so are the human needs. In the beginning, they just need food, clothes and shelter from the weathers but by the development of human civilization, they need a lot of needs for their life such as variety flavor of food, lavish house, sophisticated vehicles to ride, or most fashionable clothes to wear. These needs also can give them prestige as a person, and hoping to get more respect from the society. And to get those things human need to have a lot of money to buy them. Based on those matters, many people try hard to get better life to fulfill their needs.

Human thinks that material can give them a lot of satisfaction. They can get popularity, achievement, prosperity and respect from other human with material success. Since human only focuses on material and the way how to get the material to

get the happiness and success, some people choose the wrong way against the moral values. It becomes no matter right or wrong as long as they get their purpose, in this occasion, material success. And this is why human turns into a very ambition creature.

Ambition is the desire for personal achievement. It provides the motivation and determination necessary to help give direction to life. Ambitious people seek to be the best at what they choose to do for attainment, power, or superiority (http/www.wikipedia.com, accessed on 1 August 2010). It can be concluded that people who have ambition on their mind or who already controlled by their own ambition can do anything to make their ambition become real. They become self-centered person who doesn’t care about other people’s life. As long as they get what they really want to get, although it brings devastation to other people, they are blinding themselves. The goal of this ambition is a very pure of pride and self satisfaction.

In The Other Boleyn Girl, Gregory depicts what can bring satisfaction in human’s life. In the early life of 16th century in England, human classification is truly happened. There was a kind of stratification based on material which appeared social classes to distinguish a person from high social class to low social class person. These differences off course brings unbalance is that period of social life. As a human being that always tries to find out the best way of living, material is a really a matter of a measures. People try so hard to gain more and more material in order to taking part in being a high social class people. This kind of desire mostly leads them into a very deep ambition to make it comes true.

Anne Boleyn is the very perfect example of self ambition. She is really eager to have the king as her husband in order to become the queen of England.

Anne Boleyn already blind with her own ambition to become the queen of England. She is just like a selfish self centered fox, which will do anything to get what on her mind. She doesn’t care about other feeling, even though it is her own sister feeling. Although for the first time the King already desires Mary, Anne tries to pull it back to her. Her ambition leads her to cruelty.

“I was born to be your rival,” she said simply (TOBG p, 196)

The quotation above is just like a very out loud speaks which stated that Anne is ready to bit her own sister. She is not ready to be defeated by her own sister Mary. This is one of the symptoms that someone already mastered by ambition. A person would not let anyone bit him in processes to get what he wants; even it is his own family. Anne already shouts an open invitation with her sister to fight to win king’s heart. And surely this championship brings Anne to become more eager to get her ambition. It is natural where people get more exited when there is a competitor. Anne positioned Mary as her competitor and the goal is Anne should be the winner.

And Anne is not stupid, she armed herself with such good things to increase her quality as a women. Here Gregory tries to say that there are some good things from being ambitious. In Anne’s case for example, to get what she wants she completed herself with good things to make it easier to her to fulfill her ambition.

People tend to armed themselves when they are going to go to a battle field. It is all about preparation. Mostly losers become a loser because they are lack of preparation. Skill is taking a part, but without a preparation it will just taken apart. When people are full of preparation, then they are ready to compete. And Anne Boleyn is more than ready to compete with her sister Mary.

She met his look with her quiet confidence. “I was reared in the most fashionable court in the world,” she said. “And I was not idle. I watched everything, and I learned all there was to see. I know what is needed here.” (TOBG p, 29)

Anne is smart girl though. She knows what is she doing, and she knows how to get what she wants. She knows how to make her family believe on her, and she really knows how to make other people attracted on her. This is all because Anne is really confidence with herself. Moreover her ambition pushes her to be very confidence which in some people point of view this is called pride.

“Why should I not do that?” I demanded passionately.” What makes you think that you could hold him and I could not?”

Anne looked at me with her perfectly beautiful face as lovely as if it carved from ice. “Because the woman who manages him will be one who never stops fro a moment remembering that she is there for strategy. You are all ready for pleasures for bed and board. But the woman who manages Henry will know that her pleasure must be in managing his thoughts, every minutes of the day. It would not marriage of sensual lust at all, though Henry would think that was what he was getting. It would be affair of unending skill.” (TOBG p, 53-54)

From the quotation above it can get a clear understanding that Anne purpose to marry with Henry is not because she loves her. It is all because Henry is a king, and Anne thinks that if she marries with Henry she might control his thoughts as well as the future of England. Although she knows that it is so hard to winning the king and becoming the queen of England. Moreover because her aim is just for power and no love, she already prepared herself for no joy during the marriage with the. It is all just about obsession, power and how to make it comes true.

Anne paused before opening he door. “You don’t marry a king for joy.” (TOBG p, 199)

Anne already desires Henry since the beginning of The Other Boleyn Girl novel, but it is not that clear. Gregory tries to make it as a color of grey to make it

more interesting. But still it shown and still from the very beginning Anne’s purpose is not love, but power to control and manage the king. In this very beginning of the novel Anne still tries to represents her family to get her ambition. It means that she tried to say that it is not hers but family’s ambition.

“I’m surprised you don’t try for him yourself.”

“I thought of it,” she said honestly.” Any woman in England today would be bound to think of it.”

“What matters is that one of us catching the king. It hardly matters which one. If his taste is for Mary and she has his acknowledgement son then my family becomes the first in the kingdom. Without rival. And we can do it. We can manage the king.” (TOBG p, 59)

For some people being labeled with ambitious person is not a good thing. But for Anne, she no longer cares. She already deaf, blind, and stone hearted because of her ambition. Ambition brings such a sense of human degradation in Anne’s life. It is slowly corrupted a human side of Anne such as shame.

She turned her head away. “If he’d been a proper man he’d have gone on loving me,” she said, her voice harsh. “If I had been the other way round I’d never have married while my lover was free. He gave in, he let me go. I’ll never forgive him. He’s dead for me. I can be dead for him. All I want o do is to get out of his grave and get back to the court. All that there is left for me is ambition.” (TOBG p, 168)

The first person who feels Anne’s ambition is Mary. She is the one who Anne tries to defeat. Her ambition raises a feeling of hate in Mary’s heart. Mary already in love with the king, and then Anne come along with her ambition to get the king away from Mary’s hand. There is no doubt why this all of ambitious things ended with a hate in Mary’s heart.

“I hate her.” I said simply. “I could happily watch her die of her ambition.” (TOBG p, 234)

This is a very strong statement shows how Mary’s feeling about Anne. She feels betrayed by her own sister. She feels so hurtful and tries to change her kindness to Anne into hate. Anne’s ambition brings misery not just for Mary but also for herself. How does it feels to be hated by your own sister and that’s what Anne feels now. Mary’s behavior changes rapidly to Anne. She no longer gives a kindness nor a

respect to her. She left Anne with her own ambition and loneliness. While actually Anne really needs her at her side. She uses to be very arrogant to confess that she needs Mary, but her condition asked her to confess.

“Where are you going?”

“Hever. Uncle Howard says I can.” “But what about me?” She demanded.

At the desperate one in her voice I looked at her more closely. “What about you? You have everything. What in God’s name do you wan more?” (TOBG p, 272)

“Mary!” Anne’s voice was sharp

“I heard you,” I said, not turning my head. “Look at me!”

I glance up at her

“You have to come back with me, I can’t manage without you.” “I don’t see why---“(TOBG p, 306)

From the quotation above, Mary coldness brings misery to Anne. She feels abandoned, and alone. But with what she did to Mary, seems like it is worth it. Anne’s ambition already brings her a misery at the first place. She abandoned by people that she love and use to be used. Loneliness always comes to her, and slowly it is killing her inside.

Anne’s ambition is not just making Mary as a victim, but also George. When George tries to tell Anne who he really are, Anne’s respond is very disappointed him. This is happened when George confessed that he felt in love with a man.

But her advice was not for his benefit. “You endanger me.” She said. “The king’ll never marry me if you bring shame to us.”

“Is that it?” he demanded, in sudden rage. “Is that all that matters? Not that I am in love and tumbled like a fool into sin. Not that I can never be happy, married to a snake and in love with a heartbreaker, but only, only, that Mistress Anne Boleyn’s reputation must be without blemish? (TOBG p, 295)

Anne’s ambition makes her forgot how exactly to behave. George as her brother needs her in order to give such a care and attention to what is he facing now. In the 16th century, being a gay is a very hard sin and can bring a hard punishment to whoever had it in their life. George is a gay, he is still fragile of it, unconfidence and afraid, he hopes that his sister especially Anne, can give her such a suggestion about his problem. But in fact Anne is just thinking about her own goods.

Anne Boleyn’s ambition again brings misery to her life. She no longer cares about other person’s life even it is her own brother. She becomes very selfish and self centered. Whatever brings good to her she will cares and whatever will brings bad to her in order to fulfill her ambition, she will tries to solve it and make it never appear. Anne’s first thought after getting the queen and becomes a queen of England is she

will very happy. Everything will be under her control, even the king himself. She thought that her family will be untouched as the most powerful family in the United Kingdom. Unfortunately she is wrong.

After getting Henry on her arms and becomes the queen of England, everything starts harder. Anne has to pay more attention and give more efforts to make her still catching Henry’s attention. It is also to prevent Henry from seeking to other girl. And it makes her exhausted.

She quivered in his grip and then the anger went out of her and her shoulders slumped. “I’m so tired,” she whispered. (TOBG p, 286)

Anne is almost gives up to everything. Moreover people at the court know that Anne’s plan and ambition is no longer works. They already knew that Anne already tried so hard to get the king. And the worse are they know that King Henry looses his desires to Anne, and this derives Anne crazy.

Everywhere else we were on unending public show. Everyone watched Anne for the slightest clue that the king was loosing interest, or he had finally had her. (TOBG p, 286)

Social judgment also happens to Anne. People in the court an outside the court never agree that she is their queen. They think that she is a witch and a whore at the same time.

But Anne and the Boleyn’s ambition had opened a great crack in that unity and now everyone could see in to the void. And the king was married to a woman who knew desire, ambition, and greed and longed fro satisfaction. (TOBG p, 527)

“They would be saying that se must have some sin on her soul, some dealing with the devil or some witchcraft,” he said flatly. (TOBG p, 549)

Even the women at the dockside shouted “Whore!” at Anne during Queen Katherine’s trial. (TOBG p, 652)

In the The Other Boleyn Girl, the setting of the 16th century shows very clear that divorced is can not allowed. England has a very strong relationship to Rome and to Catholic Church. In Catholic divorce is not allowed, and by what happened to King Henry and Queen Katherine’s marriage, people think that Anne Boleyn is a whore and

a witch at the same time. How come Henry divorces his wife and turns into Anne and said that his marriage with Katherine is consummated. They blame Anne for this they blame Anne for everything.

Henry’s beloved citizens can not accept what Anne did to Henry and to their lovely queen, Katherine. In their mind there is only one queen and she is Queen Katherine. Anne is a witch and a whore and she can not be accepted to be a Queen of England.

The people would never forgive. Queen Katherine maybe all but prisoner in the cold marshes of Huntingdonshire, but she was not forgotten. (TOBG p, 527)

Anne feels very disrespectful, and it’s not just come from the society but also from the king himself. King Henry also thinks that the woman whom he married with is a whore and he regrets his marriage with Anne. He feels that he already being fooled by Anne with so many tricks Anne used to use to have him with her. Moreover Anne’s ambition to keep Henry still with her, leads her to a position where she can not manage her temper and it makes Henry sick of it all.

“No,” he said coldly. “If I had a horse as bad tempered-as you I would feed it to the dogs.” (TOBG p, 579)

“It is you who are a whore, not her!” he shouted. “Don’t think I have forgotten what you will do to get into a king’s lap. Jane Seymour will never know half the tricks you used on me, madam! French tricks! Whore tricks. They no longer enchant me, but I don’t forget them. (TOBG p, 584)

Off course these denial, hate, and mocking brings stress to Anne. She feels very lonely like nobody on earth cares to her. At this moment Gregory portrays the very sharp and bright scene in her novel that Anne’s ambition already shows its impact to her personal life. She becomes very lonely, careless and hatred.

….In truth, at the moment, she is the loneliest woman on

“Do I have to be always alone?” Anne demanded. “Walk alone, pray alone, bed alone?”(TOBG p, 581)

Even if Anne tries to ask for a help to her family, they already turns back and no longer see her. They knew that Anne ambition is jut her ambition, not them. They use to think that she is doing her ambition in the name of the family. Bu they get it all wrong. She walks alone, she just making her family as her tools to fulfill her ambition. Here Gregory tries to emphasize that ambitious person is always working for himself, and considering other people as his tools to get what he wants.

I turned my head and looked out the window. I knew I looked sullen. “And where do you think Anne will take you?” I burst out. “She won’t work for the good for the family, she won’t do as she is bid. She’ll go for her own profits and her own land and her own titles.” (TOBG p, 248)

This is the worse part of being abandoned because of ambition. Anne firstly hated by her own sister, and then her society and by the King, and the last is by her family. Anne already knows that it is all because her own fault. But she is too pride to ask forgiveness. She is the queen of England, and she is not going to ask for an apologize. Her ambition corrupts another part of human’s side in Anne’s life, humble. But actually Anne is too tired of all of this, and somehow she whispered to herself that she needs a death.

She did not open her eyes. “I shall sleep”. She whispered. “And I wish to God that I could never wake up.” (TOBG p, 547)

Anne already shows her hopelessness and becomes so weak. In desperateness of loosing people that she loves she still thinking how to manipulate the king and not loosing him. In order to be untouched she has to give an heir to Henry. No matter how

big Henry’s hate to her, as long as she gives him an heir she will be untouched. Nobody can argue her position as a queen. And this is the goal of her ambition.

Gregory tries to show in her novel that Anne’s ambition leads her to a very mad plan of her own. People who leads by ambition can do whatever it takes to make his dream comes true, and so does Anne. She loses her child so many times, while without a son her position becomes very fragile. Anne already tried to get laid with the king but Henry already lose his desires to Anne

“Some nights he cannot do it. Some nights he can not get hard at all. it’s disgusting. I have to lie underneath him while he haves around and sweats and grunts. And then he gets angry, and he is angry with me! As if I had nothing to do with it” (TOBG p, 535)

This situation leads Anne to make up a mad and a very risky plan. In order to get an heir Anne tries to search for another lover even she tries to have sex with her own brother George. Anne already loses her mind, her ambition leads her to something really terrible and far away from human’s habit. Anne losses her worth as a woman, as a human and as a Queen. And the source of it is because of her ambition.

This very mad plan at last unveiled by the King. And Anne ended her life by being beheaded. And the worse is, she is beheaded by her own husband. As a king it is Henry’s duty to give a statement to somebody. Without any sorry nor regret Henry asked Anne to be beheaded.

Behind her he executioner’s went up and up and up in the morning light. Even then, I look toward the watergate for Henry to come. And then the sword come like a flash of lightning, and then her head was off her body and the long rivalry between me and the other Boleyn girl was over. (TOBG p, 659)

Anne Boleyn tries so hard to get her ambition comes true. She is nothing but a woman who mastered by ambition of materialism in order to have power and rising her social class. Although she tries so hard to overcoming her dream all that she got just hatred from other people, loneliness, misery and death to herself.

Ambition also corrupts a sense of human in her life. He becomes very greedy, selfish, self-centered, shameless, too proud of herself and never think about other people’s life even it is her own family. Anne turns into beast which ready to use people as her dolls and tools to get what she wants. Bu until the end of her life she never ever feels the benefits of being ambitious and materialist. Although she become what she wants to be a Queen of England, but it never pleased her. All that she got is just misery and ended with death.

4.2. The Impact of Anne Boleyn’s Materialism to the Other Major Character (George Boleyn)

a. Incest

Every human is an economic creature. The goal of economic efforts is the satisfaction of human needs. Every human require at least a minimum of clothes, clothing and housing. All physical needs are basic and those things are materials. In the other word, every human is a materialistic creature since they need material as the essential for human survival. But most people prefer variety and many flavor in their food, a comfortable shelter and brand new clothes to wear. People start to concern with desire that go far away beyond the necessities for physical survival. Human start to behave and think based on material effort to get material success in their life to get happiness and satisfaction. That is the definition of material oriented.

to Anne, George and her family. And at last the interviewer come to Jane Parker who already disappointed with George since the very beginning because he always spent nights with Anne and that’s make her suspicious.

“Your wife will talk.” I warned him. “Already she says that you’re always here.” (TOBG p, 581)

And no wonder Jane’s disappointed to George bring devastation to George’s life. Jane confessed that George is always with Anne in her chamber. And that is more than enough to become evidence to under arrested George.

George, speaking on his sacred oath, fell silent: he could not deny it. The strongest evidence against him was a statement written by Jane Parker, the wife he had always despised. (TOBG p, 654)

This is the end of George Boleyn’s life. He is executed for being in love with his sister.

“Anne is being charged with seducing the king with sorcery. Your brother is said to have helped her. That is why their trials are to be done separately. Forgive me that I didn’t tell you it all at once. It’s not the sort of news I like to bring to my wife with her dinner. They are accused of being lovers, and of summoning the devil. They’re being tried separately not because they will be excused, but their crimes are too great to heard in one sitting.” (TOBG p, 647) He was accused, as the other man had been, of being her lover and plotting against the king. (TOBG p, 654)

Anne’s ambition of materialistic is not just leads her to a misery but also other people, in this case George. Anne Boleyn using the love which is given by her brother to fulfill her dream. What kind of person that can do such thing. Anne Boleyn uses everything to support her ambition, even if it is her own brother’s love. Materialism really corrupts human’s side of Anne; she is just like a human without a heart no

feeling. And what she got from all of it? Nothing but misery. But the worse part it is, she also make other people in to that misery. And poor George he ended with death.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion

Having analyzed the data of this analysis, it is concluded that materialism in the novel The Other Boleyn Girl by Phillipa Gregory bring the character to fail down. In the novel The Other Boleyn Girl, materialism is caused by several things such as family pressure, family ambition and self ambition. It directs the character to the never ending misery, start from being hated from people she use to loved and used until a death came after her. Materialism also corrupts sense of human in her life such as selfish, self centered, shameless, and would do anything in case of fulfilling her dream although it is a wrong way she chooses. This novel is based on true evens in the early of 16th century and a very sharp portrayal of how materialism can bring such devastation in that period.

Human needs always develop time to time. At the beginning, human uses material to survive in life. By the development of human civilization, human needs variety flavors of food, large convenient house and sophisticated vehicles. People never get enough, they always have something they want to and become greedy. They do anything to get the material success even they have to do things against moral values a human being, such as incest. It was a very big sin in the early of 16th. It shows how materialism brings dark side of human itself.

Gregory then added the good side of being materialistic and ambitious to get it, self preparation and ready to compete. Materialism leads the character to prepare herself to be much more bright and sharp in order to lose any kind of difficulties she might be face during the process.

It is ironic because material satisfaction is only empty happiness. Love and happiness still can not be bought even how much money people spent. Human thinks if they have material success, it will give them honor, popularity, achievement and respect from others so they can get happiness. In the novel The Other Boleyn Girl, Gregory shows a character who has already becomes what she wants but still she can not get any kind of happiness. Her life becomes very full of fear, because the way she reaches it is not in a proper way. She lives in misery, full of fear and emptiness. She lives in a very high social class, but in fact she is living a very low quality of live.

5.2 SUGGESTION

The novel The Other Boleyn Girl is a very interesting novel to study further. There are a lot of things can be observed from this novel. Thus, it is suggested to those who are interested in studying literature and interest of novel to make other analysis of the novel The Other Boleyn Girl by Phillipa Gregory such as symbols and psychological characters like Anne Boleyn or George Boleyn.. It is also suggested for those who are interested to theme materialism to analyze more about materialism in other novel such as another novel Phillipa Gregory The Boleyn In heritage or The Confession of A Shopaholic by Sophie Kinsella.

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