26
2.5 Translation Methods
Molina and Albir in Silalahi 2012:55 define translation method as awaytranslation processis donein relation to theobjectivestranslator. Translationmethodis
aglobaloptionthat affectsthe entire text. Basically themethod oftranslationis firstlydeterminedbythe translatorbefore shedoesthe translation process.
Newmark 1988:45 introducesadiagramwhichhe describesas
aDiagramVtoshowtwodifferent polesof thetranslationmethod. The firstpolar is very concerned
aboutthe systemandculture ofthe source language, while the othergreatlyappreciatesthe systemandthe culture of targetlanguage.
SL Emphasis TL Emphasis
Word-for-word translation Adaptation
Literal translation Free translation
Faithful translation Idiomatic translation
Semantic translation Communicative translation Diagram 3: Diagram V of Translation Method by Newmark 1988:45
2.5.1 SL Emphasis Method
Newmark divides SL Emphasis method into four types; word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, and semantic translation.
1. Word-for-word Translation
27 Theword-for-word translationis verydependenton the level ofwords. In
applyingthismethod oftranslation, the translator is just looking forthe equivalent ofthe SLin the TL, andthe equivalent of wordsare notassociatedwith thecontext. The
translatordoes notalterthe wordingof theSL in the product oftranslation. In other words, the arrangement ofwordsinthe TLsentence is exactly the same as the arrangement
ofwordsinthe SL. The examples belowillustrate thetranslations
producedusingthismethod.
a. SL : Look, little girl, you-all shouldn’t be doing that.
TL :
Lihat, kecil anak perempuan, kamu semua harus tidak melakukan itu.
Based on the translation product, the TL sounds ambiguous and awkward because the structure of ‘kecil anak perempuan’ is not acceptable in the structure of
Indonesian Language and the meaning of ‘harus tidak’ is less precise. They are supposed to be ‘gadis kecil’ and ‘seharusnya tidak’. Therefore, the better translation
would be ‘Lihat, gadis kecil, kamu seharusnya tidak melakukan itu.’ b.
SL : I like that smart student.
TL : Saya menyukai itu anak pintar.
The translation product is not acceptable in TL by reason of the right grammatical structure is ‘anak pintar itu’ instead of ‘itu pintar anak’. Therefore, the
most appropriate translation is ‘Saya menyukai anak pintar itu.’
2. Literal Translation
28 Thistranslation methodhas something in common witha word-for-
wordtranslationand free translation thatthe equivalency of wordsis alwaysout of context. In the process of translation, the translatorseeksto find thegrammaticalconstruction
ofSLintothe grammaticalconstructions of TL. In applying this method, the translator seems to apply word-for-word translation, but then theyadjust the grammatical structure
according to the grammatical structure of TL as showninthe examplebelow: a. SL :
It’s raining cats and dogs. TL :
Hujan kucing dan anjing .
b. SL : His heart in the right place.
TL : Hatinya berada di tempat yang benar
. c. SL :
The sooner or the later the weather will change. TL :
Lebih cepat atau lebih lambat cuaca akan berubah .
Based on translation product, some of the words that are translated literally still sounded awkward, for instance, the sentence a is better to be translated as ‘hujan deras’
instead of ‘hujan kucing dan anjing’. Sentence b is supposed to be translated as ‘hatinya tenteram’
instead of ‘hatinya berada di tempat yang benar’ because those are what the real meanings are. Likewise, sentence c is better to be translated as ‘cepat atau lambat
cuacanya akan berubah.’
3. Faithful translation
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