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the correct sentence. Meanwhile, formal grammar deals with the analysis of a text which only concentrates on English syntactical structure as in the formation of
words, phrases, and clauses. On the other hand, SFL as the new invention from traditional and formal grammar does not focus either the use of language structure
or the ways to make better sentence, but it becomes a tool of language users to explain implicit meaning based on the language used. Furthermore, SFL more
stresses on clauses analysis.
2.2 Metafunctions
According to M.A.K Halliday 2004, SFL has three components in analysing a text based on its functions. They have very strong linkages in order to provide
meaning in a passage. All of the components are called as “metafunctions”. Three metafunctions that become crucial part in doing this analysis are Ideational,
Interpersonal, and Textual meaning. Ideational metafunction is the language metafunction in which the speaker
writer conveys idea, concept and also experience to the listeners. Ideational metafunction conducts two things, experience, and logic. Experience reveals the
real meaning of an event, whereas the logic expresses logical meaning which brings together the various events occurred. In ideational metafunction, there is a
transitivity system that represents these functions in every clause. The second metafunction is interpersonal meaning. It reveals the intention drawn from the
interaction between participants who use the language in their communication. In interpersonal function, there is a modality system mood system that represents
these functions. Mood has a close relationship with the Tenor of Discourse. It
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refers to those included in the text news; the nature of these people, their position and role Gerot and Wignell, 1994:13. In interpersonal metafunction,
there are two types of significations, transactional and interactional. Transactional meaning expresses language as a tool of sending information. If people enact
language to have interaction each other and build intimacy among fellow users of language, the kind of meaning used is interactional. Then, textual meaning is a
language metafunction as a message former that connects ideational function and interpersonal function into a text. In the context of textual or tematic structure,
textual meaning examines theme and rheme. It associates with the mode of discourse. It refers to the part of the language that is being played in the situation,
either in oral or written text. There are three sections that pertained to the theme. They’re topical ideational, textual and interpersonal theme Halliday, 2004: 29-
30. Due to the fact that this research focuses on ideational meaning analysis,
the writer uses the theory of transitivity system as the main device of ideational meaning analysis.
2.3 Transitivity System
