Research Design RESEARCH METHODS

39

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter presents a description of research methods. It contains several parts. They are research design, object of the study, role of the researcher, type of data, procedures of collecting data, and procedures of analyzing data.

3.1 Research Design

Since this study deals with analysis of the content of the textbook especially in the form of document book, the researcher implemented descriptive qualitative content analysis as her research design. As stated by Moleong 2005, “Qualitative research is a research which has purpose to understand phenomena about what is happen to the research subject, for instance behaviour, perception, motivation, act, etc., holistically, in descriptive way in forms of words and languages, in natural and specific context use various natural method. ” This research was conducted by using content analysis because the data that were collected came from the textbooks. According to Krippendorff 2004:37, “Content analysis is a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from texts printed matter, recorded speech, visual communications, works of art, artifacts or other meaningful matter to the contexts of their use”. Palmquist in Al-Ghazo and Smadi 2013:347 asserted that content analysis is a research tool focused on the actual content and internal features of media. It is used to determine the presence of certain words, concepts, themes, phrases, characters, or sentences within texts or sets of texts and to quantify this presence in an objective manner. Texts can be defined broadly as books, book chapters, essays, discussions, newspaper headlines and articles, historical documents, speeches, conversations, advertising, theatre, informal conversation, or really any occurrence of communicative language. To conduct a content analysis on a text, the text is broken down, into manageable categories on a variety of levels word, word sense, phrase, sentence, or theme and then examined using one of content analysis basic methods: conceptual analysis or relational analysis. The results are then used to make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writers, the audience, and even the culture and time of which these are a part. In this research, I used book as my research object and did the analysis by broke down the materials in the book into two categories, Cognitive and Psychomotor domains and examined them by relational analysis to Core and Basic competences of 2013 curriculum.

3.2 Object of the Study