The Analysis Of Conjunctions Found In The Reader’s Digest’s Article “The Faith Dealer”

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THE ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTIONS FOUND IN THE

READER’S DIGEST’S ARTICLE “THE FAITH DEALER”

A PAPER

BY

FAHRUNISA

REG. NO. 102202052

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

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It has been proved by

Supervisor,

NIP.19490423197412 2 001 Dr.Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma (D-III) in English

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP.19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, MA

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera as a paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination

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Accepted by:

The Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma III (D-III) of English Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on July 2013

Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera

Dean,

NIP.19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.

Board of Examiners Signature

1. Dr. MAtius C.ASembiring, MA (Head of ESP) 2. Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum (Supervisor) 3. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Tran.,M.Hum (Reader)

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, Fahrunisa, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : Fahrunisa

Title of Paper : The Analysis of Conjunction Found in the Reader’s Digest’s Magazine

Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Cultural Science USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

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ABSTRACT

This paper entitled “The Analysis of Conjunctions Found in the Reader’s Digest Article “The Faith Dealer” ” is about the conjunctions used in the sentences of Reader’s Digest Magazine. Data source is taken from one of the articles entitled “The Faith Dealer”. The purpose of this study is to find out how the journalist of the magazine used the conjunctions in his writings. In writing this paper, the writer uses the library research that is by collecting books, papers, and thesis related to this paper. The writer also uses descriptive quantitative method to find out what the dominant conjunction used in writing the article in a magazine, in this case is Reader’s Digest Magazine which is published monthly. From the analysis, there are 91 conjunctions found in the one article “Faith Dealer”. They are 69 coordinating conjunctions or 75,88%and 22 subordinating conjunctions or 24,12% . Coordinating conjunction “and” is the most dominant type, they are 42 or 46,15% and coordinating conjunction “but” are the second dominant type, they are 11 or about 12,08%. While the least dominant types are coordinating conjunctions “as well as” and “while”, only 1 or about 1,09%. Subordinating conjunctions “that” is the most dominant type, they are 10 or about 10,98% and the least types of subordinating conjunctions are “after”, “when”, and “as”, only 1 or about 1,09%.

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ABSTRAK

Kertas karya yang berjudul “ The Analysis of Conjunctions Found in the Reader’s Digest’s Article “ The Faith Dealer” “ ini membahas tentang penggunaan conjunction dalam kalimat yang terdapat pada majalah Reader’s Digest. Penelitian ini mengambil satu artikel sebagai bahan penelitiannya. Tujuan dari pemilihan topik kertas karya ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang sejauh mana para jurnalis dari majalah tersebut menggunakan conjunction dalam tulisan-tulisan yang mereka hasilkan. Dalam mengerjakan kertas karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yakni dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku, kertas karya-kertas karya, dan skripsi-skripsi yang terkait dengan kertas karya ini. Penulis juga menggunakan metode descriptive quantitative untuk mengetahui kata sambung apa yang paling banyak digunakan dalam penulisan sebuah artikel pada sebuah majalah, dalam hal ini majalah Reader’s Digest yang terbit setiap bulan. Dari hasil analisa, terdapat 91 conjunctions dari artikel yang berjudul “Faith Dealer”. Coordinating conjunctions sebanyak 69 atau 75,88% dan subordinating conjunctions sebanyak 22 atau 24,12%. Kata sambung “and” merupakan kata sambung terbanyak dari coordinating conjunctions yaitu sebanyak 42 atau 46,15% dan kata sambung “but” merupakan kata sambung terbanyak kedua dari coordinating conjunctions yaitu sebanyak 11 atau 12,08%. Sedangkan kata sambung “while” dan “as well as” merupakan kata sambung paling sedikit dari coordinating conjunctions yaitu masing-masing sebanyak 1 atau 1,09%. Kata sambung “that” merupakan kata sambung terbanyak dari subordinating conjunctions yaitu sebanyak 10 atau 10,98% dan kata sambung “after”, “when”, dan “as” merupakan kata sambung paling sedikit dari subordinating conjunctions yaitu masing-masing sebanyak 1 atau 1,09%.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmaanirrahim.

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Department Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera.

Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

• My beloved parents, Bapak Fachruddin Siregar and Ibu Silvia Magdalena. Thank you for all your motivation, advice, prays and loves. I present this paper for you.

• My beloved sister and brother, Kiki Fasilia Siregar and M. Iqbal Ramadhan Siregar, I really thank for your support and love.

• Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.

• Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as my supervisor and Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Tran., M.Hum as my reader who give me the valuable time in giving and constructive criticism in completing this paper.

• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera.

• All lecturers in Diploma III English Study Program for giving me advice and knowledges.

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• My beloved friends: Selli Napitupulu, Labora Simamora, and Yeni Sembiring. Thank you for your supports, cares, and other things that help me to complete this paper. Thank you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be missing the days we spent together.

• All my friends in Class B Diploma III English Study Program/ SOLIDAS 2010. Thank you for your supports that help me to complete this paper. I will be missing you all.

Finally, I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Theref0re, I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestions towards this paper.

Medan, July 2013

The writer,

Fahrunisa

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ABSTRACT ... iii

ABSTRAK ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study ... 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 3

1.4 Scope of the Study ... 4

1.5 Significance of the Study ... 4

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Grammar ... 5

2.2 Conjunction ... 5

2.2.1 The Definition of Conjunction ... 5

2.2.2 The Types of Conjunction ... 6

3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method ... 15

3.2 Data and Data Sources ... 15

3.3 Data Collecting Method ... 15

3.4 Data Analysis Method ... 16

4. CONJUNCTION ANALYSIS ... 17

5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 29

5.2 Suggestion ... 30

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study

Language is a medium of communication. It is an important thing in human life, since without language, we cannot make interaction. By using language someone could make statements, explain or report something and keep social relations among the other person. Many ways are used to report something such as by radio, television, newspaper and magazine. Language in magazine is called journalism language. According to Anwar (1991:1), “Bahasa pers adalah salah satu ragam bahasa yang memiliki sifat-sifat khas yaitu: singkat, padat, sederhana, lancar, jelas, lugas, dan menarik. Bahasa Jurnalistik harus didasarkan pada bahasa baku”. ( The language of the press is one of variety of languages that have specific characteristic: short, dense, smooth, clear, simple, straightforward, and interesting. The language of journalism must be established on a standard language).

So, to make good sentences in magazine which are established on a standard language, the grammar is needed. Grammar (Hancock, 2005:6) is the natural, inherent, meaning making system of the language, and a system that governs the ways word come together to form meanings. Grammar is also the study of that system, the various theories or perspectives that attempt to understand and describe it.

According to Frank (1990:1), “Traditionally, word can be classified into eight parts of speech such as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection”.

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Conjunction as one of the parts of speech is very important in writing, because it is used to join words, phrases or clauses. It is divided into two types: coordinating and subordinating conjunction. The coordinate conjunctions (Woods, 2010:61) give equal emphasis to the elements they join (for, but, yet, so, nor, and, and or).

Woods (2010:64) says, “The conjunctions joining independent clause and subordinate clause give some information about the relationship between the two ideas are called subordinate conjunctions. They are while, because, although, since, when, where, if, whether, before, until, than, as, as if, in order that, so that, whenever, and wherever.”

Conjunctions are used dominantly in Reader’s Digest Magazine. Reader’s Digest Magazine is one of the English magazines in Indonesia which is published monthly. Reader’s Digest magazine contains of various articles, such as advertisement, adventure, humor, healthy, kitchen, and animals. In this magazine, the writer chooses article about adventure because in this article the writer finds out a lot of conjunctions used. For examples:

1. Ben and Jildou in no rush to return to Australia after their year-long teaching contract ended.

2. Jim, an Australian geologist who discovered the human ancestor Mungo man

and Mungo woman in New Shout Wales.

3. I learned that charity is a pillar of Islam.

4. Men of all ages would stay in temple for a few days or even months. 5. We couldn’t have been treated any better if we were royalty.

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From the sentences above, the coordinating conjunctions are “and” used to join the compound subjects and the two objects phrases in sentence (1) and (2), “or” used to join two objects phrases in sentence (4). While the subordinating conjunctions are “after” used to combine two clauses in sentence (1), “who” used to link independent clause and dependent clause in sentence (2). “that” used to join two clauses in sentence (3), and “if” used to combine two clauses in sentence (5).

Based on the above explanation, the writer is interested in analyzing the conjunction used in Reader’s Digest magazine that is published in March 2013 as the data source in this study. Besides, sentences (Wishon and Burks, 1980:134) that are related to each other in meaning may be combined by using connectors that indicate the relationship between two sentences.

1.2 Problem of the Study

The problems of this study are:

1. What types of conjunction are found in the article “The Faith Dealer”?

2. What type of conjunction is dominantly used in the article “The Faith Dealer”? 1.3 Purpose of the Study

The purposes of the study are:

1. To find out the types of conjunction used in the article “The Faith Dealer”. 2. To find out the dominant type of conjunctions used in the article “ The Faith

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1.4 Scope of Study

This study is focused on conjunctions, especially coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions used in the Reader’s Digest’s article “The Faith Dealer”.

1.5 Significance of the Study

There are some significance of the study. Theoretically it will enrich knowledge in analyzing the grammar, especially the conjunctions. Practically it will be a reference for the next research who is interested in analyzing the conjunctions.

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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Grammar

Woods (2010:9-10) says,” Grammar also means a set of standard that you have to follow in order to speak and write better. Functional grammar guides you to the right expression- the one that fits what you’re trying to say-by ensuring that the sentence is correct.”

Hancock (2005:6) says, “ Grammar is the natural, inherent, meaning making system of the language, a system that governs the ways word come together to form meanings; grammar is also the study of that system, the various theories or perspectives that attempt to understand and describe it.”

Frank (1990:1) says, “Traditionally, word can be classified into eight parts of speech such as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunctions, preposition, and interjection.”

2.2 Conjunctions

Conjunction as one of the parts of speech is very important in writing. To make it clear, the writer serves some definitions of conjunctions.

2.2.1 The Definition of Conjunctions

Suryadi and Junaida (2007:167) define that conjunction is a word connector used to join words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence.

Arnold (2003:114) says that conjunctions are connectors that can perform small jobs such as joining simple words, or bigger tasks such as linking

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phrases. They also can take on heavy-duty assignment such as joining independent clauses or joining an independent clause to a dependent clause.

Conjunctions must be distinguished from preposition, relative pronouns, adjective clause or adverb that are also connecting words

Examples:

1. I left just as he entered. (conjunction) 2. Do as I say. (adverb)

3. He was chosen as chairman. (preposition)

4. This is a book that my sister bought. (relative pronoun)

5. The man that answered the phone was polite. (adjective clause) 2.2.2 The Types of Conjunctions

Suryadi and Junaida (2007:167) states that there are two types of conjunction, they are coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. 1. Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunction is word is used to join element of sentence which is equal.

Based on this idea, coordinating conjunction can be classified to four types, they are:

1. Cumulative

Cumulative conjunctions merely add one statement to another. They are: and, as well as, no less than, not only…but also, and both…and.

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Examples:

1. He as well as you is guilty. 2. He no less than her is honest. 3. He was both degraded and expelled. 4. She is not only beautiful but also clever. 5. He gives me some chip.

2. Alternative

Alternative, conjunctions which present a choise between two alternatives. They are: or, either…or, neither…nor, otherwise, and else.

Examples:

1. You must be diligent otherwise you will fail. 2. They work hard every day else they will be poor. 3. I will either go for a walk or read a book.

4. He was neither mad nor innocent. 5. You want to go now or wait him. 3. Advertise

Advertise conjunctions express contrast between two statements. They are: but, yet, while, however, still, nevertheless, and whereas.

Examples:

1. He is poor but honest.

2. He studied hard, however he failed.

3. It is a long way to the beach, still it is a fine day to go swimming. 4. Echa is a vegetarian, yet she eats chicken.

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5. The orange is sweet, while the mango is sour. 6. They are proud, nevertheless I like them.

7. Whereas sports make our body health, I hate to do that.

4. Illative

Illative conjunctions express something inferred from another statement or fact. They are: therefore, so, then, so that, and for.

Examples:

1. I study English so that I can get along with other people in the world. 2. I borrow your new book then I lend you my book.

3. Today is Sunday therefore the students don’t go to school. 4. The students failed, for he was very ill this year.

5. The book were cheap, so I bought all of them. 2. Subordinating conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction is connector which is used to join subordinate clause and main clause in complex sentence.

Subordinating conjunctions perform the grammatical function of subordinator. The following italicized conjunctions are examples of subordinating conjunctions:

1. I don’t know whose car that is. (noun clause)

2. The boys who ate the last cookies is my son. (adjective clause) 3. Please wash your hands after you pet the cat. (adverb clause) There are ten types of subordinating conjunctions, they are:

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1. Apposition

The apposition’s conjunction is that. Examples:

1. He made a promise that he would return soon. 2. I know that she is your sister.

3. I feel that you love me. 2. Cause

The cause’s conjunctions are because, since, as, and because of. Examples:

1. He is weak because he is ill.

2. He is famous because of his generosity. 3. They live on the street as they are homeless. 4. Since I meet you, I always get lucky.

3. Comparison

The comparison’s conjunctions are than, more…than, and as…as. Examples:

1. The sea is deeper than the mountain’s height. 2. The house more expensive than the car. 3. I as beautiful as my mother.

4. She is more cleaver than you. 5. I love you than my sister.

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4. Contrast

The contrast’s conjunctions are although, even though, though, however, nevertheless, yet, still, but, whereas, despite, and despite of.

Examples:

1. He went on a picnic in spite of the cool weather. 2. He worked hard even though he was tired. 3. However hot the sun is, we must go.

4. Although he never likes her, he doesn’t show it.

5. I know it’s hard but I’ll never stop trying . 6. His clothes is not expensive yet it is clean. 7. We enjoyed our holiday despite the rain.

8. There was little hope of success, nevertheless they decide to perform the operation.

9. He is very wealthy, still very unhappy.

10. Tom is ambitious, whereas his brother is quite he reverses. 5. Condition

The condition’s conjunctions are if, unless, whether…or, even if, in case, and otherwise.

Examples:

1. I’m going out even if it rains. 2. Take a sweater in case it gets cold.

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4. Unless you say the truth, I’ll hate you.

5. You must go far away from here, otherwise he’ll find you. 6. I wear a raincoat whether it is raining or snowing.

7. You must go if you love me. 6. Purpose

The purpose’s conjunctions are so that, in order that, and in order to. Examples:

1. He comes early so that he isn’t late.

2. They practiced hard in order that they could win the game. 3. I am here in order to meet you.

7. Place

The place’s conjunctions are where and wherever. Examples:

1. You may go wherever you like. 2. I searched where I was asked to. 8. Time

The time’s conjunctions are after, before, when, while, since, until, as, and as soon as.

Examples:

1. We went after you left.

2. While it was snowing, we played cards.

3. The boy was sleeping when his parents got home. 4. Before you told me, I had known it.

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5. Wait here until I return.

6. She called on her neighbor as the clock struck six. 7. I will go as soon as he comes.

8. I have been here since the sun rose. 9. She has been lived here since 1990. 10. He goes to school after he works. 9. Result

The result’s conjunctions are that, consequently, therefore, thus, as a result, and hence.

Examples:

1. He ran fast that he made himself tired.

2. You have disregarded my advice, therefore I will not help you again. 3. The road was wet and slippery, consequently there were many accidents. 4. There was little traffic, thus it took us only ten minuets to get there.

5. As a result, the surface temperature of the globe is around 85 degrees warmer

than it would be if there were no atmospheres. 10.Manner

The manner’s conjunctions are as if and as though. Examples:

1. She looks as if she had seen a ghost. 2. I felt as though I had been hit by a car.

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2.2.3 Previous Study

Conjunctions have been discussed by student of English Study Program D3 of Faculty of Cultural Science, University of North Sumatera. They are Nila Trisnawati (2011) and Sefriana (2009).

Trisnawati (2011) in her paper entitled The Analysis of Conjunctions Used in the Articles of Time Magazine uses library research and gets information from internet to support the description of conjunctions. In this case, she takes some articles from Time Magazine as the source of the data and the data are some sentences containing conjunctions. There are six articles of Time Magazine that are published on 2nd August 2010 and 27th September 2010.There are certain process of analysis in the completion of this paper such as reading, identifying, classifying, and analyzing articles of Time Magazine. The finding of research is conjunction “and” (31%) the dominant conjunction used, “that” (21,3%), “but” (11,6%), “than” and “as” (2,8%) and the least types are “both…and”, “yet”, “although”, “because”, “because of”, “even though”, “even if”, “as if”, “as soon as”, “as a result”, “thus”, and “hence” (0,3%).

Sefriana (2009) in her paper entitled A Brief Description of Conjunctions in Articles of The Jakarta Post Newspaper uses library research method. In this case, she takes some business articles from the Jakarta Post Newspaper as the source of the data and the data are some sentences containing conjunctions. There are ten business articles which are chosen randomly. She identifies and then categorizes conjunctions based on types in order to determine the dominant type of conjunction used in those articles. She just focused on the usage of and, or, but,

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because, before, and after conjunctions in ten business articles of The Jakarta Post Newspaper that are published on 9th June 2008, 29th January 2009, 30th January 2009, 11th February 2009 and 21st February 2009. The finding of research is conjunction “and” (68,2%) the most dominant conjunction used, “but”(12%), “or” (6,6%), “because” and “after” (5,5%) and the least dominant conjunction used is “before” (2,2%).

The writer chooses the conjunctions as her object of the paper because she is inspired from Trisnawati’s paper entitled The Analysis of Conjunctions Used in the Articles of Time Magazine and Sefriana’s paper entitled A Brief Description of Conjunctions in Articles of The Jakarta Post Newspaper. Whereas she analyzed the conjunctions found in the article of Reader’s Digest Magazine as the data source. As well as Nila and Sefriana, the writer has some purposes of writing this paper that is to show the types and the most dominant type of conjunctions used in the data source.

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3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method

In writing this paper, the writer uses library research. A library research contains an in-depth collection of materials on one or more subjects. A library research supports scholarly or scientific research and will generally include primary as well as secondary sources.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Research_libraries).The library is a great place to get materials and information relevant to be collected, read and review, recorded and use.

3.2 Data and Data Source

The data are sentences used conjunctions found in the Reader’s Digest’s article “The Faith Dealer” which is published in March 2013 as the source of the data. There are 91 conjunctions found in the “Faith Dealer” article of Reader’s Digest Magazine.

3.3 Data Collecting Method

In this paper, the writer used observation method as data collecting method. According to Nazir (2003:175), observation method is method of data acquisition by using eyes without any standard tools. In this case the writer observes use of the conjunctions in the article “Faith Dealer”. And the technique is record technique. The record technique is a technique with record data right in the study assessed the sustainability discourse analysis on a data

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(nanangwest.blogspot.com/2013/01/metodepenelitian.html+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=cl nk&client=firefox-a)

3.4 Data Analysis Method

In analyzing the data, the writer used descriptive method. Descriptive method of research is where the person doing the research presents it in a descriptive manner. The descriptive research designs enable researchers to describe or present the picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under investigation.(http://answer.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090320060605AAt 3ng9).

The steps or procedures in analyzing the data are: 1. Reading the article or Reader’s Digest Magazine. 2. Identifying the sentences contain conjunctions. 3. Classifying the conjunctions.

4. Analyzing the data by counting the dominant conjunctions and the frequency of each variable of conjunctions into percentages of their usage in the articles. To get the percentage the writer applies the Junaidi and Suwono’s formula (2004:40).

The Formula: X= �

� x 100%

X= Frequency of conjunctions

Y= Number of conjunctions obtained based on their types N= Total of conjunction

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4. ANALYSIS 4.1 The Data Analysis of Conjunctions Used

All the conjunctions are taken from “Faith Dealer” article of Reader’s Digest Magazine as the data source. There are two types of conjunction. They are coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. In this article, the writer found 91 conjunctions consist of 69 (75,88%) coordinating conjunctions and 22 (24,12%) subordinating conjunctions.

4.2 Kinds of Conjunction

There are some kinds of conjunctions, namely coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction.

4.2.1 Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunction is word is used to join element of sentence which is equal.

Based on this idea, coordinating conjunction can be classified to four types, they are:

a. Cumulative

Cumulative, conjunctions merely add one statement to another. They are: and, as well as, no less than, not only…but also, and both…and. There are some data which show cumulative conjunctions.

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1. Cumulative conjunction of and.

1. Ben Bowler likes to quote Gandhi and Martin Luther King.

2. Ben 39, has created a unique series of spiritual travel programs “Monk for a month” and “Moslem for a month”.

3. We should do a “Moslem for a month” course-9/11 had led to vicious circle of ignorance and contempt (about Islam)…..

4. …Blood foundation, to fund English and other courses for Burmese refugees…

5. “I’ve always been interested in different races, cultures, foods, and religion,” says Terry Goldsmith…

6. Charity is a pillar of Islam and Major part of Muslim life.

7. Ghandi (a Hindu) famously said: I’m also a Christian, a Muslim, a Buddhist and a Jews.”…

8. …they were teaching Burmese youngsters English in Northern Thailand-and quickly fell in love with the country and its culture.

In sentences above, conjunctions and are word used to join nouns Gandhi and Martin Luther King (1), “Monk for a month” and “Moslem for a month” (2), to vicious circle of ignorance and contempt (about Islam) (3), to fund English and other courses for Burmese refugees (4), different races, cultures, foods, and religion (5), a pillar of Islam and Major part of Muslim life (6), I’m also a Christian, a Muslim, a Buddhist and a Jews (7), Burmese youngsters English in Northern Thailand-and quickly fell in love with the country (8), that function as object.

1. Plus mystic poets, the Dalai Lama and obscure Christian thinkers. His brain is a veritable spiritual anthropology.

In sentence above, conjunction and is word used to join noun and noun phrase Dalai Lama and obscure Christian thinkers (1), that function as subject.

1. My dad (Jim, an Australian geologist who discovered the human ancestor Mungo man and Mungo woman in New South Wales)…

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In sentence above, conjunction and is word used to join noun phrase and noun phrase Mungo man and Mungo woman (1), that function as object.

1. I went to straight off to ring my wife Jildou and I said ‘We’ve got to go’. 2. They were going to build a house and Jildou had been looking at

doorknobs…

3. Ben had been teaching some young monks in Fang Valley and the local about was open to the idea of helping tourists experience his religion.

4. A light went on in my head and I registered the URL the next day.

5. There was significant opposition on the internet and segments of the travel industry still refuse to promote it.

6. They can continue their work, and Ben remains sanguine about his own future.

7. We’ve got a couple of kids and the money is always tight. 8. Humanity is a big, crazy family, and it’s all our heritage.

9. He’s now planning a “Sikh for a Month “ program in the Punjab, and he is in discussion to run a “ Christian for a Month” course off the Scottish coast at a monastic community that dates back to the 6th century.

In sentences above, conjunctions and are word used to join two clauses.

1. …following complaints from quarters that he was profiteering from an experience that Thais undertook for free. And the new Islamic program soon proved controversial, too.

2. Westerns could benefit from something similar, he reckoned. And with Ben and Jildou in no rush to return to Australia after their year-long teaching contract ended, the thought occurred to Ben wouldn’t it be fun to bring in foreigner to live in the temple, too?

In sentences above, conjunction “and” is word used to change another idea in a paragraph.

1. I sat up there for an hour and a half…

In sentence above, conjunction “and” is word used to join two nouns, an hour and a half (1). It functions as adverb of time.

1. I sat up there for an hour and a half and just watched.

2. …Jildou had been looking at doorknobs and blinds when Ben rang

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Northern Thailand-and quickly fell in love with the country…

4. …men of all ages would stay in temple for a few days or even months to learn about Buddhist teaching and hopefully grow as people.

5. People are yearning to understand (the world) at the deeper level and experience something in an authentic setting.

6. Again, guest stayed with local families, learned about Koran and how to pray like a Muslim, visited holy site and even carried out one-day fast. 7. The women took off their headscarves and swung their hips to the music,

putting us stiff Westerners to shame.

8. People may not agree with what we’re doing and may be opposed to unifying values…

9. As well as living in the temple and learning Buddhist teachings and meditation, guests would stay in local homes and go on yak safaris.

10. Spending time with Muslim families is a powerful way to break down prejudice and to correct distorted perceptions

In sentences above, conjunctions and are word used to join two verbs sat up and just watched (1), Jildou had been looking and blinds (2), they were teaching and quickly fell in love with the country (3), men of all ages would stay in temple and hopefully grow as people (4), people are yearning and experience something in an authentic setting (5), guest stayed with local families, learned about Koran and how to pray like a Muslim (6), visited holy site and even carried out one-day fast (7), the women took off their headscarves and swung their hips to the music (8), people may not agree and may be opposed to unifying values, as well as living in the temple and learning Buddhist teachings and meditation (9), guests would stay in local homes and go on yak safaris (10), Spending time with Muslim families is a powerful way to break down prejudice and to correct distorted perceptions (11).

1. …Ben and Jildou in rush to return to Australia after year teaching contract ended…

2. Soon people from all over the world – particularly Britain and United States – and many different backgrounds were flying to Bangkok…

3. Guest and hosts alike say that the program has left them transformed.

4. “I’ve always been interested in different races, cultures, foods, and religions,” says Terry Goldsmith,53, a postman and Christian from Bury,

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near Manchester ,England.

5. …so Ben and Jildou continue to self-fund the Blood Foundation, now incorporated into the wider world weaver charity…

In sentences above, conjunction and are word used to join nouns, Ben and Jildou (1), Britain and United States – and many different backgrounds (2), Guest and hosts (3), a postman and Christian from Bury (4), that function as subject.

1. But with administrative and advertising costs, the venture didn’t make a profit…

2. …several schools for refugees and hill tribes along the Thai-Burmese border.

In sentences above, conjunction and are word used to join noun and noun phrase, with administrative and advertising costs (1), for refugees and hill tribes along (2), that function as object of preposition.

2. Cumulative conjunction of both…and.

1. He’s also starting interfaith tours in both Istanbul and India

In sentence above, conjunction both…and is word used to join nouns in prepositional phrase that functions as adverb of place.

1. The (courses were) fascinating,” says 28-years-old former horse trainer Caro Doyle, from Devon, who’s been on both the Muslim and the Buddhist month –long programs.

In sentence above, conjunction both…and is word used to join nouns that function as object of prepositional phrase.

3. Cumulative conjunction of as well as.

1. As well as living in the temple and learning Buddhist teachings and

meditation, guests would stay in local homes and go on yak safaris. In sentence above, conjunction as well as is word used to join two clauses.

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b. Alternative

Alternative conjunctions which present a choose between two alternatives. They are: or, either…or, neither…nor, otherwise, and else. There are some data which show alternative conjunction.

1. Alternative conjunction of or 1. I was probably nine or ten.

In sentence above, conjunction or is word used to choose between two nouns that function as object.

1. Men of all ages would stay in temple for a few days or even months.

In sentence above, conjunction or is word used to choose two noun phrases in prepositional phrase that function as adverb of time.

1. These women were not ‘repressed or ‘put down’.

2. We need to get the message outs if you’re upset or passionate about something.

In sentences above, conjunctions or are word used to choose between two verbs, ‘repressed or ‘put down’(1), and two adjectives, you’re upset or passionate about something (2).

1. Last August, Ben launched a radical 28-day exploration of Tibetan Buddhism, with guests living among exiled monk or nuns in the Indian Himalayas.

In sentence above, conjunction or is word used to choose between two nouns in the prepositional phrase that function as object.

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c. Advertise

Advertise conjunctions express contrast between two statements. They are: but, yet, while, however, still, nevertheless, and whereas. There are some data which show advertise conjunction.

1. Advertise conjunction of but.

1. I was probably nine or ten but I sat up there for an hour and a half and just watched.

2. I learned that charity is a pillar of Islam and major part of Muslim life, but that’s ignored by the British press.

3. I could lie on the beach and have a holiday, but it’s empty, boring.

4. People may not agree with what we’re doing and may be opposed to unifying values, but I don’t think they want the world to get along. I aim to change that.

5. Ben contacted Dr.Ahmet Muharrem Atlig-a theologian who’d been an imam a mosque in Peckham , London, but how lived in Turkey- to run the program in and around Istanbul

6. Like its predecessor which has had more than 300 participants. Muslim for a Month was soon a hit. But, Ben had to stop Monk for a Month temporarily in 2010…

7. There was significant opposition on the internet, and segments of the travel industry still refuse to promote it. But, says Ben, “Spending time with Muslim families is a powerful way to break down prejudice and to correct distorted perceptions.

8. That’s where Muslim for a Month falls into perspective. Seen as a stand – alone program, it probably looks kind of odd. But, seen as part of a larger framework, we believe that these religions, in a way, belong to all of us. 9. We’ve got a couple of kids and the money is always tight. But, I’ve realized

that if you really want to make change, you can’t hang or to those sort of worries.

In sentences above, conjunctions but are word used to contrast between two clauses.

1. But with administrative and advertising costs, the venture didn’t make a profit, so Ben had to fund it through his Australian renovation firm

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1. Ben took an interest in New Age philosophies, but after working in Britain…

In sentence above, conjunction but is word used to contrast between two verbs phrases.

2. Advertise conjunction of while.

1. On one occasion, my dad was sitting down with some elders while I climbed a tree

In sentence above, conjunction while is word used to contrast between two clauses.

d. Illative

Illative conjunctions express something inferred from another statement or fact. They are: therefore, so, then, so that, and for. There are some data which show illative conjunction.

1. Illative conjunction of so.

1. Ben had been teaching some young monks in Fang Valley, and the local about was open to the idea of helping tourists experience his religion. So, Ben set up the “Monk for a Month“ program, promoting it online.

2. …the venture didn’t make a profit, so Ben had to fund it through his Australian renovation firm.

3. The courses have yet to generate any profit, so Ben and Jildou continue to self-fund the Blood Foundation…

4. The couples have now returned to Australia-travelling back to Thailand frequently-to build up a marketing business so they can continue their work…

In sentences above, conjunctions so are word used to infer something from two clauses.

2. Illative conjunction of then.

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it would be recipient if Monk for a Month did ever make money. Then, in mid-2010, he decided to take things further.

2. Soon people from all over the world – particularly Britain and United States – and many different backgrounds were flying to Bangkok, thenmaking the three-hour bus ride to the sleepy valley.

In sentence above, conjunction then is word used to infer something from two clauses.

1.2.2 Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction is connector which is used to join subordinate clause and main clause in complex sentence. They are five types found in the article.

a. Apposition

The conjunction is that. There are some data which show apposition conjunction.

1. Apposition conjunction of that.

1. It wasn’t until 2006 that Uluru experience would seriously affect his life. 2. A Christian guy who was doing our monk website said, half –jokingly, that

we should do a “Muslim for a Month “ course

3. Ben had to stop Monk for a Month temporarily in 2010, following complaints from quarters that he was profiteering from an experience that Thais undertook for free

4. Guest and hosts alike say that the program has left them transformed 5. I learned that charity is a pillar of Islam

6. It struck me that these women were not ‘repressed or ‘put down’ 7. We believe that these religions, in a way, belong to all of us

8. I’ve realized that if you really want to make change, you can’t hang or to those sort of worries.

9. There’s one thing that sets the charismatic Irish-Australian entrepreneur. In sentences above, conjunctions that are word used to join two clauses.

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b. Cause

The conjunctions are because, since, as, and because of. There are some data which show cause conjunction.

1. Cause conjunction of as.

1. …men of all ages would stay in temple for a few days or even months to learn about Buddhist teaching and hopefully grow as people.

2. I’ve seen Western women in nightclubs wearing next to nothing not looking half as happy.

3. But, seen as part of a larger framework, we believe that these religions, in a way, belong to all of us.

4. Ben 39, has created a unique series of spiritual travel programs “Monk for month” and “Moslem for a month “-that have seen him heralded, as a trailblazer for a new kind of tourism.

In sentences above, conjunctions as are word used to join clause and noun.

c. Place

The conjunctions are where and wherever. There are some data which show place conjunction.

1. Place conjunction of where.

1. The couples were two days away from completing on a piece of land where they were going to build a house.

2. Ben became fascinated by local Buddhist tradition, particularly a rite of passage where men of all ages would stay in temple for a few days or even months to learn about Buddhist teaching and hopefully grow as people. In sentence above, conjunctions where are word used to join two clauses.

1. That’s where Muslim for a Month falls into perspective

In sentence above, conjunction where is word used to join noun and clause, that function as subject.

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d. Time

The conjunctions are after, before, when, while, since, until, as, and as soon as. There are some data which show time conjunction.

1. Time conjunction of after.

1. Ben and Jildou in no rush to return to Australia after their year-long teaching contract ended…

In sentence above, conjunction after is word used to join two clauses. 2. Time conjunction of then.

1. Jildou had been looking at doorknobs and blinds when Ben rang. In sentence above, conjunction when is word used to join two clauses. 3. Time conjunction of as.

1. As he grew up, Ben took an interest in New Age philosophies. In sentence above, conjunction as is word used to join two clauses. e. Condition

The conjunctions are if, unless, whether..or, even if, in case, and otherwise. There are some data which show condition conjunction.

1. Condition conjunction of if.

1. It would be recipient if Monk for a Month did ever make money 2. We couldn’t have been treated any better if we were royalty. In sentences above, conjunctions if are word used to join two clauses. 4.3 Findings

After analyzing the data, the writer found 91 conjunctions in the “Faith Dealer” article. The most dominant types of conjunction used in the article is coordinating conjunction (75,88%), and the least dominant types of conjunction

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used in the article is subordinating conjunction (24,12%). As illustrated in the table of conjunction below.

Types of Conjunction Element Occurrences Percentage Total

Coordinating Conjunction

And Both…and As well as Or But While So Then 42 2 1 6 11 1 4 2 46,15% 2,19% 1,09% 6,59% 12,08% 1,09% 4,39% 2,19% 75,88% Subordinating Conjunction That As Where After When As If 10 4 3 1 1 1 2 10,98% 4,39% 3,29% 1,09% 1,09% 1,09% 2,19% 24,12%

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5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the conjunctions used in the articles of Reader’s Digest Magazine the writer can be concluded that:

1. There are 91 conjunctions found in the “Faith Dealer” article of Reader’s Digest Magazine. Coordinating conjunctions are 69 or about 75,88% and subordinating conjunctions are 18 or about 24,22%. So coordinating conjunction is the most dominant type. Subordinating conjunction is the least dominant type used in the article.

2. Coordinating conjunction and (42 or 46,15%) is the most dominant type used in the article, followed by but (11 are or 12,08%), or (6 or 6,59%), so (4 or 4,39%), both...and (2 or 2,19%), then (2 or 2,19%), as well as (1 or 1,09%), and while (1 or 1,09%).

3. Subordinating conjunction is that (10 or 10,98%), as (4 or 4,39%), where (3 or 3,26%), if (2 or 2,19%), after (1 or 1,09%), as (1 or 1,09%), and when (1 or 1,09%).

4. In this article, the writer didn’t find some conjunctions such as, no less than, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, otherwise, else, yet, however, still, nevertheless, whereas, therefore, so that, for, because, since, although, even though, though, however, nevertheless, yet, still, but, whereas, despite, despite of, consequently, thus, as a result, and hence.

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5. Conjunctions which are found in the “Faith Dealer” article of Reader’s Digest Magazine are used to relate phrases, clauses, and the sentences in paragraphs of articles.

6. There are many conjunctions and found in the article to join their words, phrases, and clauses. The article is talking about religion, so, the writer of an article uses conjunction and in order to give clear explaining about it.

7. The study of conjunctions shows how one word or clauses is related to another, thus, it helps us to understand the unity of the sentences in each article and get the information easier.

5.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusion, there are some suggestions for all the people who are interested in reading on writing, especially the readers, writers, and students:

1. The students should learn and understand about conjunction and preposition because most conjunctions are historically derived from other parts of speech, particularly from preposition.

2. For the writers and journalist, they should use conjunctions in their writings properly and clearly.

3. I hope this paper can be useful for everyone in improving their knowledge about the conjunctions and in producing a good writing.

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REFERENCES

Anwar , H. Rosihan. 1991. Bahasa Jurnalistik dan Komposisi Cetakan Keempat. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.

Arnold, George T. 2003. Media Writer’s Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. Durrance, Joan C. and Karen E. Fisher. 2005. How Libraries and Librarians

Help: A Guide to Identifying User- Centered Outcome. Chicago: American Library Association.

Ehrilch, Eugene. 2004. Schaun’s Outline English Grammar Third Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Halliday, M.A.K. 2002. On Grammar . New York: Continuum.

Hancock, Craig. 2005. Meaning-Centered Grammar. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd.

Junaidi, S. and Suwono, Eko. 2004. Matematika SMP Kelas 3. Surabaya: Esis/Erlangga.

Nazir, Moh.2003. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Sembiring, Matius.C.A. 2013.Buku Pedoman Program D-3 Studi Bahasa Inggris. Medan: Unpublished.

Suryadi and Junaida.2007. Complete English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Wishon, George E. and Burks, Julia M. 1980. Let’s Write English Revised Edition. New York: Litton Educational Publishing International. Woods, Geraldine. 2010. English Grammar for Dummies. USA: Wiley

(1)

b. Cause

The conjunctions are because, since, as, and because of. There are some data which show cause conjunction.

1. Cause conjunction of as.

1. …men of all ages would stay in temple for a few days or even months to learn about Buddhist teaching and hopefully grow as people.

2. I’ve seen Western women in nightclubs wearing next to nothing not looking half as happy.

3. But, seen as part of a larger framework, we believe that these religions, in a way, belong to all of us.

4. Ben 39, has created a unique series of spiritual travel programs “Monk for month” and “Moslem for a month “-that have seen him heralded, as a trailblazer for a new kind of tourism.

In sentences above, conjunctions as are word used to join clause and noun.

c. Place

The conjunctions are where and wherever. There are some data which show place conjunction.

1. Place conjunction of where.

1. The couples were two days away from completing on a piece of land where they were going to build a house.

1. That’s where Muslim for a Month falls into perspective

In sentence above, conjunction where is word used to join noun and clause, that function as subject.

(2)

d. Time

The conjunctions are after, before, when, while, since, until, as, and as soon as. There are some data which show time conjunction.

1. Time conjunction of after.

1. Ben and Jildou in no rush to return to Australia after their year-long teaching contract ended…

In sentence above, conjunction after is word used to join two clauses. 2. Time conjunction of then.

1. Jildou had been looking at doorknobs and blinds when Ben rang. In sentence above, conjunction when is word used to join two clauses. 3. Time conjunction of as.

1. As he grew up, Ben took an interest in New Age philosophies. In sentence above, conjunction as is word used to join two clauses.

e. Condition

The conjunctions are if, unless, whether..or, even if, in case, and otherwise. There are some data which show condition conjunction.

1. Condition conjunction of if.

4.3 Findings

After analyzing the data, the writer found 91 conjunctions in the “Faith Dealer” article. The most dominant types of conjunction used in the article is

(3)

used in the article is subordinating conjunction (24,12%). As illustrated in the table of conjunction below.

Types of Conjunction Element Occurrences Percentage Total

Coordinating Conjunction

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5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the conjunctions used in the articles of Reader’s Digest Magazine the writer can be concluded that:

3. Subordinating conjunction is that (10 or 10,98%), as (4 or 4,39%), where (3 or 3,26%), if (2 or 2,19%), after (1 or 1,09%), as (1 or 1,09%), and when (1 or 1,09%).

(5)

5. Conjunctions which are found in the “Faith Dealer” article of Reader’s Digest Magazine are used to relate phrases, clauses, and the sentences in paragraphs of articles.

7. The study of conjunctions shows how one word or clauses is related to another, thus, it helps us to understand the unity of the sentences in each article and get the information easier.

5.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusion, there are some suggestions for all the people who are interested in reading on writing, especially the readers, writers, and students:

1. The students should learn and understand about conjunction and preposition because most conjunctions are historically derived from other parts of speech, particularly from preposition.

2. For the writers and journalist, they should use conjunctions in their writings properly and clearly.

3. I hope this paper can be useful for everyone in improving their knowledge about the conjunctions and in producing a good writing.

(6)

REFERENCES

Anwar , H. Rosihan. 1991. Bahasa Jurnalistik dan Komposisi Cetakan Keempat. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.

Arnold, George T. 2003. Media Writer’s Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. Durrance, Joan C. and Karen E. Fisher. 2005. How Libraries and Librarians

Help: A Guide to Identifying User- Centered Outcome. Chicago: American Library Association.

Ehrilch, Eugene. 2004. Schaun’s Outline English Grammar Third Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Halliday, M.A.K. 2002. On Grammar . New York: Continuum.

Hancock, Craig. 2005. Meaning-Centered Grammar. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd.

Junaidi, S. and Suwono, Eko. 2004. Matematika SMP Kelas 3. Surabaya: Esis/Erlangga.

Nazir, Moh.2003. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Sembiring, Matius.C.A. 2013.Buku Pedoman Program D-3 Studi Bahasa Inggris. Medan: Unpublished.

Suryadi and Junaida.2007. Complete English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

The Analysis Of Conjunctions Found In The Reader’s Digest’s Article “The Faith Dealer”