Outline of the Thesis

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literacy Approach Offered by KTSP

At the first time, literacy is known as just the ability to read and write. According to Kern 2000: 2 A focus on literacy, by considering reading and writing in our social contexts of use, frames reading and writing as complementary dimensions of written communication, rather than as utterly distinct linguistic and cognitive processes. Beside that Grand 1986: 9 also asserts literacy is the ability to read, write and spell correctly. Even though, we cannot develop to express our literacy without ability to speak. Therefore, at this time literacy is known as the ability oracy and literacy. In English Education KTSP, literacy education has to develop communicative competence with create many texts using genre. By literacy, we obtain a lot of abilities to communicate with each other. The English teachers should know the principals of literacy. According to Kern 2000:16 literacy has seven principals as follows: Interpretation, collaboration, convention, cultural knowledge, problem solving, reflection and self reflection and language use. The teachers should combine and apply all of them in the classroom in order to obtain a good teaching. Kern 2000:141 suggests that models of teaching-learning cycle can be divided into four cycles. They are Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. The teachers must teach their students using four styles with their ideas. In sum, the 9 writer concludes that literacy approach is the ability oracy and literacy using teaching learning cycles in order to achieve what we want to need. The teachers must combine four cycles to teach their students. Listening and speaking is used to explain something. To know the further information, we can read such as, book, magazine or newspaper. Beside that, to express our idea, we will write texts based on the genres. The teachers also need scaffolding talk. It is teachers’ talk in class to explain lesson to their students in speaking, writing, listening and reading. Listening Speaking Reading Writing Figure 1: Diagram of teaching learning cycles

2.1.1 Senior High School Literacy Level To achieve

In addition, Model of literacy level has four levels that must be involved and a text analyst. They are Performative, Functional, Informational, and Epistemic. The students of Senior High School use the third level of literacy. It is informational level. This level learns about information that is needed by the students to greet the world. Not only information in the past but also in the future. The students can explore their ideas to give opinion and refuse something according the lesson that they learn. So, the teachers need special training to teach at this challenging level.