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writing, and reading abilities. So, the teachers should need this teaching groups assignments style. They are: 1 Teacher questioning, discussing and editing
whole class construction, then scribing onto board or OHP. 2 Skeleton texts 3 Jigsaw and information gap activities 4 Small group construction of texts. 5
Self-assessment and peer assessment activities. Therefore, in this JCOT stage: 1 Students begin to contribute to the
construction of the whole examples of the text-type. 2 The teacher gradually reduces the contribution to text construction, as the students move closer to able to
control the text-type independently.
2.4.4 ICOT Independent Construction of Text
The teachers ask the students to create a text to obtain a social function. Generally, independent construction occurs only after group or pair construction
has shown that the students have gained control of the field and the mode. According to the needs of the students, it may be necessary to recycle some of the
tasks and activities at earlier stages. Technology in the Language Classroom is presented below:
1 Commercially produced audiotapes.
Libraries and instructional resource centers may be able to provide a surprising variety of audiocassette tapes with a listening exercises,
b lectures, c stories, and d other authentic samples of native- speaker texts.
2 Commercially produced videotapes.
Most institutions now have substantial video libraries that offer a documentaries on special topics, b movies, films, and news media,
c programs designed specifically to instruct the students on certain aspects of English. An option that some have found useful is the use of
close-captioned video to offer the students written language input simultaneously with oral.
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3 Self-made videotapes.
With the ready availability and affordability of an audiocassette recorder, you should not shrink from creating your own supporting
materials in the form of audiotapes. Now that video cameras and recorder are also accessible if not your own, check with your media
resource center.
4 Overhead projection.
Many classrooms around the world provide an overhead transparency projector as standard equipment. Your own charts, lists, graphics, and
other visually presented material can be easily reproduced through most photocopying equipment or your computer printer and offer
stimulating visual input for students.
Moreover, ICOT activities include: 1 listening task e.g. comprehension
activities in response to live or recorded material such as performing a task, sequencing pictures, numbering, ticking or underlining material on a worksheet,
answering questions. 2 speaking tasks e.g. spoken presentation to class, community organization, workplace etc. 3 listening and speaking tasks e.g. role
plays, simulated dialogues. 4 reading tasks e.g. comprehension activities in response to written material such as performing a task, sequencing pictures,
numbering, ticking or underlining material on a worksheet, answering questions. 5 Writing tasks which demand that students draft and present whole texts.
Therefore, in ICOT stage: 1 Students work independently with the text. 2 Learner performance is used for achievement assessment
2.5 Textbook
The most obvious and most common from material support for language instruction comes through textbooks. In English teaching, the teachers always use
a textbook because it is easy to buy, to carry, and to study. In fact, a book is an
