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and a sense of competence. Students with high self-esteem are happier with their lives, have fewer interpersonal problems, achieve at a higher and more
consistent level, are less susceptible to social pressure, and are more capable of forming satisfying love relationship. In contrast, students with low self-
esteem are less likely to try to make themselves feel better when they experience negative moods in response to perceived failures in their lives.
They are more prone to psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, to physical illness, and to poor social relationships, and
underachievement.
B. Rationale
1. The Difference Between Teams-Games-Tournament and Lecture The Teaching method applied by teachers is one of the important
factors influencing students’ reading skill. Therefore, a teacher must give a wise decision in choosing the appropriate teaching method in order to teach
reading successfully. As stated before, the methods compared in this study are lecture and Teams-Games-Tournament.
Lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information to teach students about particular subject. The activity in lecture is teacher-
centered. Lecture encourages one-way communication. Students just become the followers and depend on the teacher during the teaching-learning process.
Lecture is supposed not to motivate students and make them passive in joining the learning process. The information tends to be forgotten quickly when
students are passive. M eanwhile, Teams-Games-Tournament requires different way in
teaching learning process. It makes the students work cooperatively which will develop their ability in their social and human relation. In Teams-Games-
Tournament, students not only learn and receive whatever the teacher teaches in the teaching and learning process, but also learn from other students . In
other words, they are more active in joining the learning process.
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In short, Teams-Games-Tournament is supposed to be more effective than lecture.
2. The Difference Between the Students Who Have High Self -esteem and the Students Who Have Low Self-esteem.
The students having high level of self-esteem expect to do well in their accomplishments, try hard and try to be successful. They are inclined to
attribute their success to their abilities, and to make due allowance for circumstances in interpreting their failures. As a result, students with high
self-esteem generally enjoy a great deal of self-confidence and have a realistic assessment of their strengths and weaknesses.
On the other hand, the students having low self-esteem tend to expect the worst, exert less effort on their tasks, especially challenging, demanding
ones, and achieve less success. Even, when students having low self-esteem achieve success, they are less apt to attribute their success to their abilities or
to enjoy it. Therefore, the students who have high self-esteem are supposed to
have better reading skill than the students who have low self-esteem.
3. Interaction Between Teaching Method and Student’ Self-esteem
It is undeniable that teaching method which is used by the teacher in the class gives a big influence for the success of the teaching and learning
process. Unlike lecture, which places the students in a passive learning role, Teams-Games-Tournament requires the students to be more active in
acquiring the academic content without neglecting their social and human relation with others unconsciously. The teacher not only concerns with
teaching academic content, but also considers making the students develop their social and human relation with others.
Self-esteem is quite important factor to acquire reading skill because understanding of the text requires self-esteem. The students having high level
of self-esteem expect to do well in their accomplishments, try hard and try to
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be successful. In the teaching-learning process, they usually have better attitudes. They have high desire to pay attention to the teacher. They are active
in joining the teaching-learning process. They like demanding activities in the teaching-learning process. Therefore, TGT is supposed to be more effective
for students having high self-esteem. Lecture seems to be suitable for students having low self-esteem
since it possesses characteristics which make t he students passive during the activity. In lecture, the students usually get knowledge only from their teacher.
They are not demanded to elaborate their ideas, thoughts, and feelings. It means that they don’t need to be active. In fact, students having low level of
self-esteem tend to exert less effort in learning. In other words, they prefer being passive in the teaching-learning process. That is why, lecture is
supposed to be more effective for students having low self-esteem.
Therefore, Teams-Games-Tournament and self-esteem are supposed to have interaction effect toward students’ reading skill.
C. Hypothesis
