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CHAPTER III RES EARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Place and Time of the S tudy
The research is held at SM P Batik Surakarta, located at Jl. Slamet Riyadi number 447 Surakarta in the academic year of 20092010.
Table 1. The Time Schedule for the Research
Activities
Oct 2009
Nov 2009
Des 2009
Jan 2010
Feb 2010
March 2010
April 2010
May 2010
June 2010
July 2010
Proposal Reviewing
Literatures Developing
Instruments Doing Treatment
Collecting and
Analyzing the
Data Writing
the Report
Submitting the
Document
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B. The Method of Research
The research method used in this study is experimental study. Experimental study is the kind of studies in which the researcher is interested
in learning about the effects of certain conditions independent variables on other conditions dependent variables in controlled study M ason and
Bramble, 1997: 93. Experimental study can be defined as the technique, which attempt to ferret out cause and effect relationships. Through
experimentations, cause and effect relationship can be isolated Christensen, 2007: 39.
The research design used for the research is a simple factorial design 2x2. It can be seen in the following figure:
Teaching M ethod
Self-Esteem Teams-Games-
Tournament Lecture
High
Low
Figure 2. Factorial Design 2x2
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C. The S ubject of the Research
1. Population Population is a group of individuals who comprises the same
characteristics Creswell, 2008: 644. The population of the research is the seventh grade students of SM P Batik Surakarta in the academic year of
20092010. It consists of 9 classes. In order to make the teaching learning run as usual, the writer uses two classes which she teaches.
2. Sample Sample is a subgroup of the target population that the researcher
plans to study for the purpose of making generalizations about the target population Creswell, 2008: 646. In this study, the writer takes two classes of
the population as the sample.
3. Sampling Sampling is the process of drawing a sample from a population
Johnson and Christensen, 2000: 156. To draw a sample from a population, the writer uses cluster random sampling because it has some advantages, such
as: it can be used when it is difficult or impossible to select a random sample of individuals, it is often far easier to implement in schools, and it is
frequently less time consuming Fraenkel and Wallen, 2000: 139.
Each class is divided into two groups, students who have high self- esteem and those who have low self-esteem. One of the two classes is taught
by using Teams-Games-Tournament and another class is taught by using lecture. Therefore, there are four groups: 1 students having high self-esteem
who are taught by using Teams-Games-Tournament; 2 students having high self-esteem who are taught by using lecture; 3 students having low self-
esteem who are taught by using Teams-Games-Tournament; 4 students having low self-esteem who are taught by using lecture.
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D. Technique of Collecting the Data
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