Table 3 . Analytical Construct
No. Category
Description Indicators
1. Need water
Human beings
depend on not salty water.
The Ghalas-at tribe collect the rain water for survive.
Sometimes they make the water from the liquid of the stems of
the plants for drinking. 2.
Need food The Ghalas-at need
food especially from the sea.
They fish abalones, shellfish, a school of bass, otter.
3. Use Coral
Cove and
pool Coral
Cove and
Headland function as the place for home in
the stormy wind or hurricane
Sea animal sometimes lay ashore and need human help to
be protected from killer whale. Pool was used as the
preservation for otter when they are hurted by whale.
G. Trustworthiness of the Data
The trustworthiness of the data were conducted using four criteria. Those criteria, according to Moleong 2005: 103, are namely credibility, transferability,
dependability and confirm ability. Credibility is the concept of internal validity. The researcher performed the detailed and deep observation of the data in order to make
this research credible enough. In addition, she also put the data on the theoretical concept of “interdependence towards nature and human beings shown in Island of
the Blue Dolphins ”, so that the reliability and validity of the data could be attained.
In addition, she was helped by her first and second supervisors who are very kind and helpful in doing the researcher’s research. Furthermore, the researcher conducts
the peer debriefing, a discussion to gain the input for the criticism related to the research. Transferability is the concept of external validity. This aspect focused on
how the researcher transfers the data to the readers. Conformability aims to measure how far the finding and the interpretation of the data are truly based on the data. For
obtaining the degree of conformability, the researcher provided all data and asked the peer reviewers to give suggestion and opinion about the analysis.
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CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents two major parts, namely the research findings and the discussion. The first part is broken down into two big sections which are
essential to answer the research questions: what are the natural problems that Karana faces in O’Dell’s Island of Blue Dolphins and how are interdependence
between nature and human being shown in the novel. Meanwhile, the second part, which is the discussion, is very essential to explain the further implication of these
research findings in O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins. The further explanation can be found in the following.
A. Research Findings
1. The Natural Problems Faced by Karana
In in O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins, the researcher finds various data related to natural problems faced by Karana. Natural problems are the symbol of
the way nature and human beings are interdependence one to another. Moreover, the natural problems brings major influences on humans and humans take a
crucial part in making and worsening natural destructions. These problems found in the novel are broken down into four categories, namely animal threat, disaster,
scarcity and bad weather. These findings are explained in the following.
a. Animal Threat
The existence of animals cannot be separated from human life. They may live in the forest, deep sea, ravine and other places. In this novel, these animals are
portrayed in wilderness or the Island of the Blue Dolphins. Most of those animals are not tame. Karana, a twelve-year-old girl who lives alone in the island is
presented facing natural problems which come from the animals. In fact, there are many animals found in the Island of the Blue Dolphins but there are two kinds of
them which make Karana face difficulties. Those animals are wild dogs and red foxes.
The existence of wild dogs can lead Karana into some problems because they try to attack her. One of the problems is presented in this quotation.
I thought that it was a sound made by the wind, but when we came closer I saw dozens of wild dogs scurrying around through the huts
. O’Dell, 1960: 41
These wild dogs try to steal foods like abalones and fish from humans. Their existences always become a problem for Galas-at people. In addition, when
people move to another island, the dogs have limited foods. Thus, they become fierce and be able to attack human or others. It can be proven where the wild dogs
are able to kill Karana’s brother, Ramo. Therefore, the wild dogs become the menace for Karana who lives alone in the island. That is why she lives on the
headland which is far from the bushes in order to stay away from the wild dogs. Thus, these wild dogs will find difficulties since there were cliff and ravine that
were difficult to be reached by them as what is stated in the quotation below.
