Discussion FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

automatically fall into Karana or Ulape or Ramo, but the tribe plants the democracy to its dwellers. 44

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS

The researcher finds that O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins contains the portrayal of human-nature interdependence. The human-nature interdependence is broken down into two classifications in line with the research objectives: the natural problems faced by Karana and the interdependence between humans and nature. The first finding is that Karana faces many problems in the novel which are classified into four categories: animal threat, disaster, scarcity and bad weather. Animal threat mostly comes from wild dogs and red foxes. Disaster is in the form of earthquake. Meanwhile, the scarcity happens by lack of foods, trees and water. In addition, bad weather happens on the land and in the sea. Thus, this kind of novel represents children with numerous natural problems. The second one is that there are two major classifications to show the interdependence between humans and nature found in the novel. The first classification is that human needs nature. The way human needs nature found in the novel exists in three ways namely needing food, shelter and protection; and natural materials to make life necessities. The second classification is that nature needs human. The way nature needs human found in the novel in two means namely needing human to recover from life-threatening conditions and human’s awareness toward nature existence and its preservation. Thus, human and nature are corellated one to another. These findings are able to prove that this novel, O’Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins is capable to provide the amazing story which combine literature and environment. Thus, this novel can place a child which can show the appreciation and acknowledgement toward nature and wilderness. Karana becomes the one who loves nature and befriends with animals. It shows that humans need and depend on nature for every single need and activity. Humans should not forget to nurture the nature. Thus, this novel can be a perfect example for great literature with eco- criticism. . 46 REFERENCES PRINTED SOURCES Apriati, Tatik. 2013. An Analysis of Human-Nature Relationship in Children Book Julie by Jean Craighead George An Ecocritical Study. Barry, Peter. 2002. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Second Edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Coupe, Laurence. “Kenneth Burke: Pioneer of Ecocriticism”. Journal of American Studies, 3, XXXV. Page 413-431. Garrard, Greg. 2004. Ecocriticism. New York: Routledge. Glotfelty, Cheryll and Harold Fromm. 1999. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens and London: The Universityof Georgia. Luckens, J. Rebbeca. 1999. A Critical Handbook of Children’s Literature. Sixth Edition. New York : Longman. Moleong, Lexy J. 2005. Metodologi Penelitian Qualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. O’Dell, Scott. 1960. Island of the Blue Dolphins. New York: Yearling Book. Roberts, Edgar V. 2003. Writing about Literature. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Stewig, John Warren. 1980. Children and Literature. United States of America: Rand McNally College Publishing Copany. Vanderstoep, Scott W, and Johnston, Deidre D. 2009. Research Methods for Everyday Life. United States of America: Jossey Bass Wiley. Widiastuti, Wiwiek. 2012. Karana’s Struggles for Survival in Scott O’ Dell’s Island of the Blue Dolphins. ELECTRONIC SOURCES Oswell, Adam. 2015. Environmental Problems in Australia. Issues with no end in sight. Retrieved on Thursday, March 24th, 2016, at 22.14 p. m from http:wwf.panda.orgwho_we_arewwf_officesaustraliaenvironmental_problems_i n_australia United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2014. Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved on Sunday, 27 th of March 2016, at 10.49 a. m from unfccc.intKyoto_protocolitems2830.php. 47 APPENDIX I THE PLOT SUMMARY OF ISLAND OF THE BLUE DOLPHINS Island of the Blue Dolphins is an island that dwelled by Ghalas-at tribe that the White men found in 2000 B.C. It is called the Blue Dolphins since the shape is similar with the Blue Dolphins. They live happily on the Island where they get food such as roots, fish, abalones, shellfish, school of bass and sometimes otter. Everything is going to be all right until the arrival of Russian hunters and Aleut tribe. The Russian under the authority of Captain Orlov asks for the otter to Chief Chowig, the leader of Ghalas- at tribe, and also Karana’s father. Captain Orlov asks the share 2: 1, where two for Russian and one for Ghalas-at tribe. Yet, Chief Chowig shakes his head as a sign of disagreement. Later on, Captain Orlov offers the things that are interesting for women, such as bracelet, the necklace and earrings with the good materials. Most of the women were so excited, but still Chief Chowig refuses it. He keeps his stance and wants the same sharing. One by one, day by day, Russian and Alleut have tents along the seashore. They take the otter with no permission. They slaughter the otter in exaggerate manner and massively so that the water is colored by red —the color of blood. One by one the Ghalas-at men spy the action of them. Until then when Ulape —Karana’s sister who looks for roots hear the strange voice. She assumes that it is only a trivial thing but when she looks at it, it is astonishing. The school of bass is ashore for protecting themselves from killer whale. 48 The rising problem is when the delegation from Russian hunter asks for the otter and bass. Chief Chowig answers that it was only enough for Ghalas-as tribe. The delegation from Russian urging Chief Chowig until then the Chief Chowig say it is their responsibility that they are hunter and the expert about the sea, so they can do the fishing by themselves. The other raising problem occurs since there is a battle between Aleut, Russian and Ghalas- at tribe. In this battle, K arana’s father—Captain Chowig—is dead. After that there is a status quo in the parley or “little government” system. No longer after that, Kimki —a good and wise old person substitutes Chief Chowig. He asks all the Ghallas-at to train themselves to make spears, string, bow, and arrow. This skill or action also do by the women for protecting themselves from wild dogs, Alleut and Russian attack. Later on, Kimki states that he would go to the place named Santa Catalina for asking help and for rescuing the Ghalas-at into the safer dwelling. But unfortunately, day per day, week per week, season per season, he does not come back. The Ghalas-at tribe begin to feel anxious and think that he already passed away. Again —for the stability of Ghalas-at, they choose Matasaip as their chief. Everything is going all right, till the rescue ship from the white who is messaged by Kimki to save the Ghalas- at anchored. All women and men are in hurry to load their goods. Everybody of Ghalas- at do it. Until then in her awareness, Karana asks about Ramo’s existence. She asks Ulape; and she points to the Blue Dolphins Island. Karana becomes so panic to know it. She begs Chief Matasaip to stop the ship for awhile, but he refuses. He says to Karana that there are huts to stay,