The Analysis of the Data

analysis and description above, the writer concluded that this passage is a procedure text because it has all characteristics of it such as social function, generic structure, and grammatical feature. 2. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 2 The following table shows the result of the analysis of reading passage which has the title “Let’s Make a Monster with Bright Eyes”. Table 4.3 The Conformity of Characteristic of Genre in Reading Passage 2 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Let’s Make a Monster with Bright Eyes To provide instructions to make a monster with bright eyes Goal : Let’s make a monster with bright eyes Materials : 2 bulbs in bulb holder, 3 wires… Steps : Attach a wire to each of the screws on one bulb holder… See appendix 2 on page 61  Use of imperative : attach a wire to …  Use of present tense : watch the eyes glow  Use of time wordnumber : 1, 2, 3 ….  Use of technical termlanguage : screws, battery ….  Use of adverb: ‒ See appendix 2 on page 62 From the analysis above, it can be seen that the reading passage mentions all characteristics of genre includes social function, generic structure, and grammatical features. The social function of the passage is to provide instructions to make a monster with bright eyes. It is evidenced with the steps in generic structure that mention some steps in making a monster with bright eyes. This reading passage also states the goal, the materials needed, and steps in making a monster with bright eyes. For grammatical features, four items that includes on them are showed on the passage such as use of imperative, use of present tense, use of time wordnumber, and use of technical termlanguage. For the use of adverb, the reading passage does not mention it. From the analysis and description of the characteristics of the passage, the writer states that the passage is a procedure text. 3. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 6 The following table shows the result of analysis of the reading passage which has the title “Beneficial Magnets”. Table 4.4 The Conformity of Characteristics of Genre in Reading Passage 6 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Beneficial Magnets To provide instructions in making beneficial magnets Goal : Beneficial Magnets Materials : A bowl, clean, dry sand, a drinking straw …. Steps : Fill the bowl with sand to make a desert island …. See appendix 6 on page 69  Use of imperative : Fill the bowl…  Use of present tense :  Use of time wordnumber : 1, 2, 3…  Use of technical termlanguage : iron …  Use of adverb: Bury the treasure firmly … See appendix 6 on page 70 As like another analyzed reading passage, this reading passage also corresponds the characteristics of a genre. To know what kind of genre it is, the writer describes firstly the social function of this passage. Its purpose is to provide instructions in making beneficial magnets. The generic structure of this passage is goal that is stated as the title, materials, and some steps in making something. This passage also has grammatical features such as use of imperative, use of time wordnumber, use of technical termlanguage, and use of adverb. However, it does not mention the use of present tense. So, it can be concluded that this reading passage is a procedure text. 4. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 7 The following table shows the result of the analysis of the reading passage which has the title “Germinating Petunia Seeds”. Table 4.5 The Conformity of Characteristics of Genre in Reading Passage 7 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Germinating Petunia Seeds To provide instructions in germinating petunia seeds Goal : Germinating Petunia Seeds Materials : A packet of petunia seeds, a seed tray or small pots…. Steps : Fill seed tray with soil, incorporate fertilizer into soil… See appendix 7 on page 71  Use of imperative : Fill seed, incorporate fertilizer, scatter seeds…  Use of present tense : …seeds are germinating …  Use of time wordnumber : 1, 2, 3…  Use of technical termlanguage : fertilizer, moist …  Use of adverb: press firmly …watering gently … See appendix 7 on page 72 From the table above, the reading passage has all characteristics of a genre those are social function, generic structure, and grammatical features. The social function of this passage is to provide instructions in germinating petunia seeds. It is showed on the generic structure of this passage that the goal of this passage is germinating petunia seeds which is followed by the materials needed and the steps on how to do it. All items of the grammatical features are also mentioned in the passage such as use of imperative, use of present tense, use of time wordnumber, use of technical termlanguage that related to the subject, and use of adverb that shows how the action should be performed. After analyzing the passage, the writer determined that the passage is a procedure text.

b. Report Text

After analyzing all reading passages in “English in Focus” textbook, the writer found that there are five report texts in the reading passages, those are number 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11. 5. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 3 The following table shows the result of analysis of reading passage which has the title “Rock Music”. Table 4.6 The Conformity of Characteristic of Genre in Reading Passage 3 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Rock Music To classify and to describe using facts about development of rock music General Classification : Rock music is part of popular music today Description 1 : Rock and roll was the name given to the music that developed in the early 1950’s Description 2 : In 1955, records of a young singer from Tennessee, Elvis Presley, were heard across the US Description 3 : The 1970’s were the time of big developments in the rock industry. Conclusion: ‒ optional See appendix 3 on page 63  Use of general noun : music, sound …  Use of timeless present tense : rock music is part….  Use of technical termlanguage : disk jockey, beat … See appendix 3 on page 64 This reading passage has all characteristic of genre such as social function, generic structure, and grammatical features. The social function of the passage is to classify and to describe using facts about development of rock music. It can be seen from the generic structure that it has general classification and description about rock music with some facts. The generic structure of this kind of passage is general classification and description. The writer found the general classification in the first paragraph and it is followed by the series of description about the subject. This passage does not have a conclusion to be the signal of the ended of this passage because it is an optional to be stated in the text. It means that the authors can mention it or not in the text. The grammatical features of this passage have three items; those are use of general noun, use of timeless present tense, and use of technical termlanguage. And this passage has all items of grammatical features. From the analysis and description above, the writer concludes that this reading passage is a report text. 6. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 4 The following table shows the result of analysis of reading passage which has the title “The Chinese Influence in Indonesian Visual Art”. Table 4.7 The Conformity of Characteristic of Genre in Reading Passage 4 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features The Chinese Influence in Indonesian Visual Art To classify and to describe using facts about the Chinese influence in Indonesian visual art General classification : Chinese culture played a truly significant role in the development of visual art in Indonesia Description : The architectural elements in some temples. The Chinese-style roofing on the palace. China designs were copied  Use of general noun : culture …  Use of timeless present tense : It is identical…  Use of technical termlanguage : expression, textile … See appendix 4 on page 66 by local ceramics and paintings Conclusion: ‒ optional See appendix 4 on page 65 From the table above, it can be described that this reading passage has all characteristics of a genre those are social function, generic structure, and grammatical features. For the social function, this passage purposes to classify and to describe using facts about the Chinese influence in Indonesian visual art. The generic structure of this passage is the general classification about the Chinese influence in Indonesian visual art and the description about it. For the conclusion, the passage does not mention it because it is an optional to be stated in the reading passage. This passage has also all items in grammatical features such as use of general noun, use of timeless present tense, and use of technical termlanguage. From the analysis and description of the characteristics of the passage, the writer concludes that this passage is a report text. 7. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 5 The following table shows the result of analysis of the reading passage which has the title “Woodcraft”. Table 4.8 The Conformity of Characteristic of Genre in Reading Passage 5 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Woodcraft To classify and to describe using facts about the development of the form and design of the woodcraft General Classification : The developing of wood in Indonesia from earliest times provided the people with the raw materials to produce functional and artistic artifacts. Description : Introduction of Islam  Use of general noun : wood..  Use of timeless present tense : …are influenced most religious style, woodcarving is an old art…  Use of in the 21th century made some of the designs were lost. Climatic condition problem have eliminated some remain of wooden artifacts. Conclusion : So, we have known now that woodcarving is an old art and keep developing into many form and designs. See appendix 5 on page 67 technical termlanguage : artifacts, woodcarving … See appendix 5 on page 68 The reading passage above was analyzed in the term of the characteristics of genre to be determined what kind of genre it is. It can be seen that this reading passage mentions all characteristics of a genre involves social function, generic structure, and grammatical features. The social function of this passage is to classify and to describe using facts about the development of the form and design of the woodcraft. The generic structure of this passage is general classification, description, and conclusion. The general classification is an introduction of the subject that is going to talk about. It is followed by the description about the subject. In this passage, it was found a conclusion of the information and it can be the signal of the end. The conclusion is an optional. For the grammatical features, it has all items such as use of general noun, use of timeless present tense, and use of technical termlanguage. From the analysis and description above, it can be concluded that the reading passage is a report text because it has all characteristics of it. 8. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 10 The following table shows the result of the analysis of the reading passage which has the title “Postal Matters”. Table 4.9 The Conformity of Characteristics of Genre in Reading Passage 10 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Postal Matters To classify and to describe using facts about postal matters in connecting people in the world General classification : The mail box can be your doorway to the world. Description : The duty of postal service to see that your mail gets to its destination. Much of the world’s business depends upon the postal service. Mail is handled in the same way in almost every country. Conclusion: ‒ optional See appendix 10 on page 77  Use of general noun : mail box, mail …  Use of timeless present tense : Because they connect each country, it is the duty…  Use of technical termlanguag e : postage stamp, letter, document, postcard, package … See appendix 10 on page 78 From the analysis above, it can be seen that the social function of the passage is to classify and to describe using facts about postal matters in connecting people in the world. The generic structure of the passage includes the general classification which is the introduction of the subject that is going to be told. It is also followed by the description about the subject. In this passage, there is no conclusion to be the signal to the end of the passage because it is an optional to be stated in the passage. There are three items found in the passage, those are use of general noun, use of timeless present tense, and use of technical termlanguage. From the analysis above, the passage has all characteristics of report text. 9. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 11 The following table is the result of analysis of reading passage which has the title “Hotels”. Table 4.10 The Conformity of Characteristics of Genre in Reading Passage 11 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features Hotels To classify and to describe using facts about hotel General classification : People sometimes need hotels if they travel far from homes. Description : Hotels are places that provide lodging and usually meals and various personal services for the public. Downtown hotels survive and prosper because of two important factors. As the pace of jet travel grows, hotel springs up near airports. Conclusion: ‒ optional See appendix 11 on page 79  Use of general noun : meals, rooms …  Use of timeless present tense : they sometimes need hotels, …the airport is close to the hotels….  Use of technical termlanguag e : personal service, travel, business …. See appendix 11 on page 80 The analysis of reading passage “Hotels” shows the characteristics of a genre involves social function, generic structure, and grammatical features. A kind of passages has always a social function for what the passage is written. For this passage, its purpose is to classify and to describe using facts about hotels. The generic structure is also an important thing in constructing a passage. The general classification which is followed by more detail of the description builds this passage. Because it is optional in presenting the conclusion in the end of the passage, the author does not mention it. The grammatical features found in the passage are use of general noun, use of timeless present tense, and use of technical termlanguage. So, this passage is a report text because it has all characteristics of this kind of genre.

c. Narrative Text

After analyzing all reading passages in “English in Focus” textbook, the writer found that there are only two narrative texts in the reading passages, those are number 8 and 9. 10. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 8 The following table shows the result of the analysis of the passage which has the title “The Legend of Mount Wayang”. Table 4.11 The Conformity of Characteristics of Genre in Reading Passage 8 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features The Legend of Mount Wayang To provide entertainment and to make audience think about an issue, teach them a lesson, or excite their emotions with the legend of mount Wayang Orientation : Long ago, when the Gods and Goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of mortals, a small kingdom on the slope of mount wayang in West Java, Teja Nirmala wasn’t married. Complication : The wicked fairy, princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan. Sequence of events : Raden Begawan saw sang Prabu who was searching a man for a man.  Focus on specific participant and specific place : Teja Nirmala, a small kingdom on the slope of mount wayang in West Java  Use of time word : After that …  Use of action word : Sang Prabu was searching, she killed …  Use of adjective The fairy killed Raden Begawan. Teja Nirmala was very sad. Resolution : A nice fairy took Teja Nirmala to the Kahyangan. Coda: ‒ See appendix 8 on page 73 character and place: wicked fairy, small kingdom…  Use of past tense: Raden Begawan saw him, she was very sad… See appendix 8 on page 74 After analyzing the social function, generic structure, and the grammatical features of the passage, it is known that this passage has different features from the previous passage. For the social function, this passage has a purpose to provide entertainment and to make audience think about an issue, teach them a lesson, or excite their emotions with the legend of mount Wayang. In constructing the passage, it has an orientation in the first paragraph that shows subject, time, place, and what is going on. Then, a complication follows the orientation in the form of a new paragraph. The orientation tells the problem arose in the text. After the problem was found, then the sequence of events occurs to react to the complication. The story of the passage is ended in the resolution in which the problem is resolved. There is no coda in this passage. Coda is the moral value or the message that can be learned from the story. The grammatical features of the passage was also found such as focus on specific participant and specific place, use of time word, use of action word, use of adjective, and also use of past tense. After analyzing the characteristics of the passage, it can be concluded that this passage is a narrative text. 11. The Characteristic of Reading Passage 9 The following table is the result of analysis of the passage which has the title “The Legend of Lake Batur”. Table 4.12 The Conformity of Characteristics of Genre in Reading Passage 9 Title of Reading Passages Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Features The Legend of Lake Batur To provide entertainment and to make audience think about an issue, teach them a lesson, or excite their emotions with the legend of Lake Batur Orientation : A long time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant like creature named Kbo Iwo. He was satisfied with the meal…. Complication : The barns were almost empty and the new harvest was still a long way off. This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. Sequence of events : Kbo Iwo destroyed all the houses and even all the temples. The Balinese turn to rage. They came together to plan steps so oppose this powerful giant by using stupidity… Resolution : The villagers throw the limestone they had collected before into the hell in which Kbo Iwo fell asleep. Kbo Iwo was buried alive. Coda: ‒ See appendix 9 on page 75  Use of specific character and place : Kbo Iwo on the island of Bali  Use of time word : one day, then …  Use of action word : he destroyed, the oldest man in the village gave a sign…  Use of adjective character and place: powerful giant, new harvest…  Use of past tense : difficulties arose, Kbo Iwo was buried alive … See appendix 9 on page 76 The social function from the passage above is known to provide entertainment and to make audience think about an issue, teach them a lesson or excite their emotion by the legend of Lake Batur. It is an entertainment because the passage provides the story about the legend; in this passage it also provides a lesson for the reader. The generic structure in constructing the passage is the orientation which tells who, when, where, and what is going on. The next paragraph after orientation is the complication which tells the problem that happened. The sequence of events and the resolution of the problem are also mentioned in the passage. In this reading passage, it does not state the coda as like the previous reading passage. This passage mentions all items in the grammatical features such as use of specific character and place, use of time word, use of action word, use of adjective, and also use of past tense. From the table above, it shows the characteristics of narrative text. 12. Genres of Reading Passage in the Textbook After all passages are analyzed based on the characteristics that a text should have in the term of social function, generic structure, and grammatical features, the writer determined the genre of each passage. The writer presented the genre of analyzed reading passage in the form of table. Table 4.13 Genre of Reading Passages in the Textbook Reading Passage Number Chapter Title of Reading Passages Genre 1 1 Let’s Make Your Own Aquarium Ecosystem Procedure 2 1 Let’s Make a Monster with Bright Eyes Procedure 3 2 Rock Music Report 4 2 The Chinese Influence in Indonesian Visual Art Report 5 2 Woodcraft Report 6 3 Beneficial Magnets Procedure 7 3 Germinating Petunia Seeds Procedure 8 4 The Legend of Mount Wayang Narrative 9 4 The Legend of Lake Batur Narrative 10 5 Postal Matters Report 11 5 Hotels Report On the table above, it can be seen that there are three genres of reading passage which is mentioned in the textbook those are procedure, report, and narrative. They are presented in each chapter in the textbook with one genre of each chapter. In the first chapter, it is found two procedure texts which have the title Let’s Make Your Own Aquarium Ecosystem and Le’s Make a Monster with Bright Eyes. For the second chapter, three report text found here, the title of texts are Rock Music, the Chinese Influence in Indonesian Visual Art, and Woodcraft. Two procedure texts are found in the chapter 3 with the title Beneficial Magnets and Germinating Petunia Seeds. In the chapter 4, the reading passage found here is narrative text. There are two narrative texts those are the Legend of Mount Wayang and the Legend of Lake Batur. And the last chapter, it is found report text with the title Postal Matters and Hotels. So, there are 11 eleven reading passages in the textbook which are distributed in each chapter. 13. Comparison Genres in the Textbook to Genres in the Curriculum

4.14 The Conformity of Genre in the Textbook No.

Genres in the Curriculum Conformity Reading Passage 1. Procedure √ 1, 2, 6, and 7 2. Report √ 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11 3. Narrative √ 8 and 9 From the table above, it shows that all genres in the textbook corresponds the demands of genres in the curriculum. There are three genres mentioned in the curriculum those are procedure, report, and narrative. Firstly, the procedure text, there are four procedure texts presented in the textbook with two procedure texts in chapter one and two procedure texts in chapter 3. Another genre of text, report text, is also presented in this textbook. It is distributed in chapter two with three report texts and in chapter five with two report texts. The last kind of genre that is mentioned in the curriculum is narrative text. The English in Focus textbook presents two narrative texts in chapter 4. In determining the genre of all reading passages, the researcher firstly analyzed the characteristics of each genre. After analyzing, the researcher found that there are some reading passages which do not have one or more characteristics of a genre. The following table is the unconformity of characteristics of genre in all reading passage. Table 4.15 The Unconformity of the Characteristics of Genre Genre Social Function Generic Structure Grammatical Feature Procedure - - - Use of adverb reading passage number 2 - Use of present tense reading passage number 6 Report - - Conclusion reading passage number 3, 4, 10, and 11 - Narrative - - Coda reading passage number 8 and 9 - From the table above, it can be seen that there are some characteristics which is not mentioned in some reading passages. In procedure text, it does not mention the use of adverb in reading passage number 2 and the use of present tense in reading passage number 6. The conclusion which is in the generic structure of report text is also not stated in all reading passages, there is only one reading passage which state it that is reading passage number 5. The last is narrative text, the coda is also not stated in all reading passage.

C. Discussion

According to the analysis of English in Focus above , all reading passages in the textbook are developed based on the demand of the School-Based Curriculum. There are three kinds of genre of reading passage mentioned in the English in Focus textbook; those are procedure, report, and narrative. All genres that have been mentioned in the textbook are also found in the curriculum. So, the textbook is in line with the School-Based Curriculum in presenting genres of reading passage. Through the analysis, the writer found social function, generic structure and grammatical features of each passage. For procedure text, all items of generic structure which consist of goal, materials and steps have been mentioned in all reading passage. The grammatical features of procedure text which are use present tense, use of imperative, use of time wordnumber, use of precise terms and technical language, and use of adverbs, does not developed well in all passages. One of procedure texts that has the title Let’s Make a Monster with Bright Eyes does not mention the use of adverb and one another doesn’t mention the use of present tense that is Beneficial Magnets, The second genre is report text. There are three items in generic structure of this genre that Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson propose those are general classification, description, and conclusion. Conclusion is an optional, it means that it is not a must. From five report texts which are in the textbook, there is only one reading passage that mentions the conclusion, it has the title Woodcraft. Besides, the grammatical features of report text consist of general noun, present tense, and technical language. And all report texts in the textbook have all items in grammatical features. The last genre mentioned in the textbook is narrative. It also has generic structure and grammatical features as its characteristics. The generic structure of narrative text consists of orientation, complication, sequence of event, resolution, and coda. Two narrative texts written in the textbook has four items of generic structure, but they do not have coda as the message that can be learned from the text. In the side of grammatical features, the two narrative texts which have the title The Legend of Mount Wayang and The Legend of Lake Batur mention whole items in grammatical features which involve the use of specific participant and place, use of time words, use of action words, use of adjectives, and use of past tense. So, in presenting the characteristics of genre based on the theory of Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, the English in Focus textbook have developed all characteristics of each genre, but the distribution of some characteristics does not spread up in all reading passages in the term of generic structure: the conclusion in the report text and the coda in the narrative text, and also in the term of grammatical features: use of present tense and use of adverb in the procedure text. Thus, the interpretation of reading passages in the English in Focus textbook is that the genre of reading passages are in line with the School-Based Curriculum KTSP and the characteristics of genre are also in line with the theory of Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson.