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F. Definition of Terms
There are some terms mentioned in this study that need to be defined in order to avoid misunderstanding and to lead readers to a better understanding on
the topic being discussed.
1. Errors
Since ‘errors’ and ‘mistakes’ are often used synonymously, in this study, it is needed to define the meaning of errors. Brown 1987: 170 points out that a
mistake can be a random guess or a slip reflecting a performance error. Besides, he adds that as a direct manifestation of learners’ operated system, error is an
obvious deviation from the grammar of an adult native speaker. According to Harmer 2007: 96, while slips can be corrected by the ones making mistakes,
errors cannot be corrected by themselves. Although errors and mistakes have been clearly defined, differentiating
between errors and mistakes has not always been simple and, therefore, needs careful analysis. Hence, in this study, errors refer to all deviant forms in English
question formations produced by Microteaching class students when they practiced teaching.
2. Question
Another key word of this research is ‘question’. A question, as defined by Webster’s New Explorer Dictionary and Thesaurus 1999
, is an interrogative expression or query. Quirk and Greenbaum 1973:191 also define questions as
sentences marked by one or more of the following criteria:
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a. The placing of the operator immediately in front of the subject:
Will John speak to the boss today? b.
The initial positioning of an interrogative or wh-element: Who will you speak to?
c. Rising intonation:
You will speak to the BóSS? In this study, questions refer to interrogative sentences which bear the a,
b, and c criteria as written previously. Since questions can be either in spoken form or in written form, it is important to specify that questions in this research
are those which are spoken.
3 .
Microteaching Class
In this study, Microteaching class refers to a class or subject offered to sixth semester students of English Language Education Study Program ELESP of
Sanata Dharma University. This class prepares the students to teach, especially before they carry out the teaching practice in junior or senior high schools through
Program Pengalaman Lapangan PPL. There are two kinds of teaching practice
done in this class. The first one is peer teaching in the Microteaching laboratory and the second one is teaching the lower semester students.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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