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CHAPTER II THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
2.1 Previous Research
A previous research by Wahyu Dwi discussed “Ideational Meaning and Thematic Analysis on Children’s Songs in Barney “Dancing and Singing”
Series” in 2010. It tried to identify the ideational meaning of children’s songs, and analyze the thematic development. To the knowledge of writer, not many studies
have been done on mood and transitivity Therefore, unlike the earlier research, this study is focused on the
identification of mood and transitivity in the tourism brochures. It tries to look at the types of mood and transitivity used in the tourism brochure and the
relationship between mood and transitivity in the tourism brochure.
2.2 An Overview of Functional Grammar
Functional grammar is a grammar that was developed by experts such as the founder of modern linguistics, Michael Halliday. In his famous book,
Introduction to Functional Grammar , Halliday 1994:xx explains, “The fact that
this is a ‘functional’ grammar means that it is based on meaning; but the fact that is a ‘grammar’ means that it is an interpretation of linguistic forms
.” Halliday 1994:19 also states, “The grammatical structure is being explained by reference
to the meaning. ” From both Halliday’s statements above, it can be said that a
functional grammar describes the structure of a language based on meaning
because language is a system of meaning that has a structure. In other words, the meaning can be studied and understood through the structure of language.
Therefore, it can be concluded that in the functional grammar, the meaning and structure of a language are the two elements that cannot be separated, which is
similar to what Halliday 1994: xx states, “the meaning is encoded in the wording as an integrated whole
.” Eggins 1994:38 supports the theory above by stating that “Functional
Grammar asks how does each constituent relate functionally to the whole?” Next,
Thompson 1996: 3 states, “In functional approaches to grammar, we essentially equate meaning with function.
” Both views above refer to a conclusion that functional grammar describes the relationships between grammatical structure and
meaning: how the relationship of these elements can produce a particular meaning.
Then, Gerot and Wignell 1995:6 give the following definition of functional grammar:
“Functional grammars view language as a resource for making meaning. These grammars attempt to describe language in actual use and so focus
on texts and their contexts. They are concerned not only with the structures but also with how those structures construct meaning.
Functional grammars start with the question, “how are the meanings of this text realized
?” According to Gerot and Wignel, a functional grammar views language as a means
to convey meaning. It is trying to describe the language in actual use and also focuses on the text and context. It relates not only to structure but also with how
the structure is used to form meaning. It begins with the question how the meaning of a text is realized in the form of the structure?
2.3 Clause as Exchange
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