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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Chapter two presents the discussion of theories and research related to the study in this thesis. The purpose of this chapter is to provide information of
theories used in answering the questions of this research. In this chapter, there are two major areas of concern. The first part is the theoretical description and the
second part is theoretical framework.
2.1 Theoretical Description
In this part, the researcher disscusses the theories related to the use songs in teaching English pronunciation. This chapter will also discuss young learners,
teaching media, and children songs.
2.1.1 Young Learners
According to Philips 1993, young learners are children from the first year of formal schooling five or six years old to eleven or twelve years of age p.
5. Children, especially young learners, have many unique characteristics that make us interesting to discuss them. According to Scott and Ytlberg, young
learners are able to work with others and learn from others Scott Ytlberg, 1990, pp. 2-4. Young learners can learn from their friends, teachers, parents, etc.
Young learners are very active and also love to play Scott Ytlberg, 1990, pp. 2-4. From Donaldson’s opinion in Cameron 2001, p. 4, “The child tries to make
9 sense of the world”. They will do something if their condition is good and they are
happy in doing it. Based on the experts’ findings, the enthusiasm of the students is one of the
most important things. The teachers have to know the characteristics of the students which really love to play. Moreover, the teachers need to use any
interesting media and teaching materials to support the teaching and learning process.
2.1.2 Pronunciation
In communicating to other people, the way how to pronounce words is really important. If the pronunciation is unclear, it may cause ambiguity in
understanding the meaning. According to Kenworthy 1997, in pronouncing the words, intelligibility is really important to avoid ambiguity in communication.
Intelligibility means “being understood by a listener at a given time in a given situation” p. 13.
In teaching and learning activities, the teachers have to be good models for the students in pronouncing English correctly and clearly. The teachers need to
know and understand the problem faced by the students, so that the teachers can give the best solution related with the problem. Most of students are not
accustomed to speaking English in their daily life. As a result, they feel less confident to make mistake when they speak in English.
The teachers need to use the appropriate teaching materials to teach the students. In pronunciation, Kenworthy 1997, p. 4 suggests that it would be better
10 if the teaching materials contain the native language as they give clear example of
native language and the students would imitate the sounds precisely.
2.1.3 Teaching Media
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