18 Those three studies proved that songs can be use in teaching and learning
activities. The children who had been taught through songs obtain the positive effects on their pronunciation, vocabulary mastery, and other aspects of language.
Moreover, the students’ interest to learn language was also increased. In line with those three studies, in this research the researcher conducted a study through
songs. The researcher focussed to find the effect on the students’ pronunciation when the students obtained the treatments through songs.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
In learning language, there are four skills that need to be developed. Those skills are speaking, listening, reading and writing. The teachers have to teach
those skills to make the students understand clearly about the language. One of the important skills in mastering the language is speaking. Ability to speak fluently
and clearly are really needed to avoid miscomunication. The stundents also have to pay attention on their pronunciation. If the pronunciation is unclear, it may
cause ambiguity in understanding the meaning. According to Kenworthy 1997, in pronouncing the words, intelligibility is really important to avoid ambiguity in
communication. Intelligibility means “being understood by a listener at a given time in a given situation” p. 13. From the expert’s explanation, we can
understand that speaking with the good pronunciation is really important. In teaching English to the children, the teachers need to know the
children’s characteristics due to the appropriate teaching materials that will be used. Scott and Ytleberg 1990 explain that the students love to play and they
19 have a great motivation to learn what they like. The elementary students will be
enthusiactic in learning something which attract their attention. Based on Scott and Ytleberg’s explanation, we can understand that the teachers need to use the
appropriate teaching materials to be taught. The teachers have to choose the teaching materials which can attract the students’ attention so that the students
will enjoy to join the teaching-learning activities. In this research, the researcher focused on the teaching pronunciation to
young learners. The researcher found that the fifth graders of SD Nanggulan 1 had a problem in pronunciation. They pronounced English words incorrectly and some
of words were influenced by Javanese accent. One of the problems that made the young learners felt difficult to improve their speaking ability, especially in their
pronunciation was because the students were not accustomed to practice English. The teachers needed to use the appropriate media and teaching materials to make
the students more active in speaking activities. The researcher offered the use of songs as the teaching materials to attract
the students to learn English pronunciation. The reason why the researcher used songs in teaching pronunciation was because basically the students love songs,
rhymes and chants. According to Brewster, Ellis, and Girard 2002, “Children love songs, rhymes and chants and their repetitive nature and rhythm make them
an ideal vehicle for language learning” p.162. Moreover, the use of songs in teaching pronunciation will improve the students’ linguistic aspect, especially on
their pronunciation Brewster, Ellis, Girard, 2002, p. 162.
20 In addition, Philip 1993 explains that music and rhythm are an essential
part of language learning for young learners p. 100. Based on a journal named “The Value of Songs and Chants for Young Learners” by Forster 2006, pp. 63-
68, using songs in teaching-learning for the children can increase their English pronunciation. Based on the experts’ explanation, the researcher inferred that
songs, musics and rhythm could be used in teaching and learning activities, especially in language learning. Songs, music and rhythm would motivate and
encourage the students to learn language.
21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses several things such as research method, research setting, research participants, instuments and data gathering technique, data
analysis technique, and research procedure. Those things are very important for the researcher in conducting the study and obtaining the empirical data as the
results of the study.
3.1 Research Method
The researcher used the analysis of results from an experimental research to answer the research problem of this thesis. Experimental research has long been
employed by linguists and educational researchers to discover whether one teaching or learning technique or other variables is more effective than another
when applied to one or two groups of participants. According to Gay 1992, p. 298, in conducting experimental research, the researcher will have to manipulate
at least one independent variable, control over relevant variables, and observe the effect on one or more dependent variables.
According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 , “Experimental research is the only type of research that directly attempts to influence a particular variable,
and when properly applied, it is the best type for testing hypotheses about cause- and-effect relationships” p. 261. The independent variable in experimental
research is also frequently referred to the treatment, and the dependent variable
