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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses several things such as research method, research setting, research participants, instuments and data gathering technique, data
analysis technique, and research procedure. Those things are very important for the researcher in conducting the study and obtaining the empirical data as the
results of the study.
3.1 Research Method
The researcher used the analysis of results from an experimental research to answer the research problem of this thesis. Experimental research has long been
employed by linguists and educational researchers to discover whether one teaching or learning technique or other variables is more effective than another
when applied to one or two groups of participants. According to Gay 1992, p. 298, in conducting experimental research, the researcher will have to manipulate
at least one independent variable, control over relevant variables, and observe the effect on one or more dependent variables.
According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 , “Experimental research is the only type of research that directly attempts to influence a particular variable,
and when properly applied, it is the best type for testing hypotheses about cause- and-effect relationships” p. 261. The independent variable in experimental
research is also frequently referred to the treatment, and the dependent variable
22 known as the outcomes of the study Fraenkel Wallen, 2009, p. 261.
Moreover, Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 explain that the researchers can manipulate the independent variable p. 261. In other words, the researchers who
conducts an experimental research decides what will happen to the subjects. The researchers can manipulate the methods if instruction, type of assignment,
learning materials, rewards given to students, and types of questions asked by teachers. At the end of the research, the researcher observe or measure the groups
receiving differents treatments. The researchers will see whether the treatment made a difference or not Fraenkel Wallen, 2009, pp. 261-262.
In an experimental research, three variables must be taken into account. The first one was the starting point, the second was the treatment, and the last
was the outcome. After that, the researcher would compare between the starting point and the result point to see the effect after the researcher gave the treatment
to the samples. Commonly, an experimental research has two or more groups of samples to be compared, although having only one group is possible Fraenkel
Wallen, 2009. In this research, the researcher wanted to know the effect of using songs
in the classroom activities to the students’ pronunciation. That was the reason the researcher used the experimental method to answer the research problem.
Through the experimental research, the researcher would find out the difference between the students who were given the treatment by using songs and those who
were not given any treatment.
23 In this reseach, the researcher used static-group pretest-posttest design.
According to Fraenkel and Wallen 2009, p. 266, the static-group pre test-post test design is a design that involves at least two nonequivalent groups. The groups
which will be compared are already formed. There will be a pretest for those two groups. Moreover, one group will receive a treatment and the other one will not.
The result of pre test and post test from those two groups will be analyzed to see the difference FraenkelWallen,2009, p. 266.
The Static-Group Pre test-Post test Design
Treatment group O
X O
Control group O
O Fraenkel Wallen, 2009, p. 266.
In this research, the research put the class into two groups, namely experimental group and control group. Both of groups being measured or
observed twice. The first measurement was the pre test, the second was the post test. The measurements were collected at the same time for both groups. In the
pre test, the researcher asked both of groups did the pre test by reading aloud the pre-test paper. Then, the researcher analyzed the result of the pre test. After that,
the researcher gave the treatment by using songs for the experimental group. On the other hand, the researcher did not give any treatment for the control group.
After the treatment was given, the researcher conducted post test for both of groups. Then, the researcher compared the result between pre test and post test
for those two groups and analyzed whether the treatment made a difference or
not.
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3.2 Research Setting
Kategori