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3.2 Research Setting
The experimental research of this study was conducted in SD Nanggulan 1, Jatisarono, Nanggulan, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The condition of the school
was fairly quite and condusive to conduct a research. The researcher chose the fifth graders of SD Nanggulan 1. The class was quite condusive and it supported
for the process of study.
3.3 Research Participants
The participants of the study were the fifth graders of SD Nanggulan 1 in the academic year 20122013. There were 32 students. It consisted of 15 males
and 17 females. They were around 10-11 years old. Moreover, they had learnt English since they were in the fourth grade. Most of the students faced difficulties
on pronouncing some English words.
3.4 Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
An instrument plays an important role in a study in the sense that the reliability of the instrument will influence the reliability of data obtained. The
instrument used in this experiment was intended to measure the students’ achievement in English pronunciation. Therefore, the instrument used in this
study is test.
3.4.1 Test
Test is valuable measuring in a research. As Ary wrote 1979 “a test is a set of stimuli presented to an individual in order to elicit responses on the basic of
which a numerical score can be assigned” p. 179. Therefore, tests are very important in a research. In this study the test is used to measure the students’
25 achievement in mastering English pronunciation through songs. The songs which
were used in this tests were “Beautiful Day” and “Promise”. In choosing the songs, the researcher referred to the theories from Hubbard, et al. 1983 and
Tassoni, et al. 2002. According to the explanation from Hubbard, et al. 1983 and Tassoni, et al. 2002, there are some considerations in choosing children
songs see chapter 2, p. 12. In using songs as the teaching materials, the songs must be suitable for the language level and the age of the students Hubbard, et
al., 1983. “Beautiful Day” and “Promise” contained words which were common for the children. The children already known those words from their English
teacher and English books. The songs which are used as the teaching materials should be more
appealing to the students Hubbard, et al., 1983. Moreover, the teachers need to choose songs which are fun and easy to learn Tassoni, et al., 2002. Both of
songs which were used by the researchers were easy to learn and fun. Furthermore, the lyrics of “Beautiful Day” and “Promise” contained words which
were related to the children’s environment. In line with the theory from Tassoni, et al. 2002, the songs which are used in the teaching and learning activities
should have a relevance to the children environment. In this research, the researcher conducted pre test and post test. The
result of the achievement tests were used to indicate the students’ progress of English pronunciation by using English children songs. In the pre test, the
researcher asked the students to read aloud the lyrics of “Beautiful Day” and “Promise”. Before doing the pre-test, the students had been taught to read the
26 lyrics. It refered to the Basic Competence of reading aspect for the fifth graders of
Elementary School: “Reading aloud words, phrases, simple sentences and texts using the appropriate pronunciation, stress, intonation”. Based on the basic
competence, the lyrics of those two songs contained simple sentences which appropriate with their level. All of the students came forward one by one to read
the lyrics of those two songs. The researcher recorded their voice to analyze their pronunciation in pronouncing those words.
As it had been explained previously, the researcher put the class into two groups, named experimental group and control group. The next four activities
were teaching pronunciation to the students in experimental group using children songs. The last activity was a post test. The post test was to know the progression
of the students in English pronunciation before and after getting a treatment by using English children songs.
In the post test, the researcher asked all of the students in the experimental group to came forward one by one to sing the songs. Due to the
control group was not given any treatment through songs, in this post test all of the students in control group just read aloud the lyrics of those two songs. The
researcher recorded their voice to analyze their pronunciation in pronouncing those words.
In line with the objectives of experimental research, the researcher used T test to make comparison of the mean between pre test and post test. Based on
the result of T test, the researcher would understand whether the treatment made a
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difference or not. The result of the T test would support in answering the research
problem of this study. The T test formula was described as follows.
d =
∑
Sd =
∑ ∑
t = d - µd Sd√n
Source: Fraenk, Wallen, and Hyun 2012
3.5 Data Analysis Technique
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