2. Class
Followers of the sociologist Max Weber tend to say
class
when they‘re talking about the amount of money you have and the kind of leverage it
gives you; they say
status
when they mean your social prestige in relation to your audience; and they say
party
when they‘re measuring how much political power you have, that is, how much built-in resistance you have to
being pushed around by shits. By
class
I mean all three, with perhaps extra emphasis on
status
. Fussell, 1992: 24 The definition of class, according to Fussell, refers the money, prestige
how they are seen and regarded by the society, and party to show in what kind of a group they belong to. The class is also emphasized by status, which refers to
hisher occupation in society to show hisher influence towards others.
3. Gender
Gender is a social construction which is related to one‘s sex. In a similar vein, Stoller
used the term ‗gender‘ to signal the complexities of those ‗tremendous areas of behavior, feelings, thoughts, and fantasies
that are related to the sexes and yet do not have primarily biological connotations‘. Glover and Kaplan, 2000: xx
Gender divides the role between male and female and determines what
should each sex does based on their sex yet has no specific biological relationship with their sex.
4. Gender Oppression
―Gender oppression is the individual acts of abuse and violence, patterns of power and control, and systems of abuse and violence perpetrated against
wome n and girls due to their gender‖ INCITE Women of Color Against
Violence, 2005. Based on the definition, gender oppression is an oppression done
by a man towards a woman because of her gender. In patriarchal society, a man is supposed to be the superior in order to be masculine. Thus, he can use abuse and
violence as symbols of his power towards a woman to prove his masculinity.
5. Class Oppression
The oppression of the working class is, in essence, its exclusion from political, economic and social power. In order for there to be a
ruling
class, there must be an
oppressed
class. Class is about power: the power to shape our world and our lives. Muldoon, 2015
Class oppression does not focus only on the division in economic system, but it also focuses on the power of a certain class towards the other. The power is
the ruling class‘ ability to maintain their position and interest by making the working class see that they deserve the oppression because they are excluded from
political, economic, and social power. Thus, the working class see the oppression is something normal for them.
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
Fifty Shades of Grey
is the first book of the Fifty Shades trilogy written by E.L James. Her very first book of the Fifty Shades trilogy is a best-seller book
despite of its controversy of containing an erotic roman ce story. James‘
Fifty Shades of Grey
is an interesting book for it tells a man who uses a woman‘s body as a tool to please his sexual needs and uses punishment to make her scared of
resisting him and keep her in his hands. In this part, the writer gives three reviews of related studies which have
been done by other people. The first is from ―The Objectification of Women as Seen through Anastasia Steele in
Fifty Shades of Grey
by E.L James‖ by F.X Natanael Nonon Erta Putri Intan Permatasari. The second is f
rom ―Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele‘s Sexual Abnormality in E.L James‘
Fifty Shades of Grey
” by Dewa Made Pinta Bilyarta. The third is an article entitled ―A Heated Debate:
Theoretical Perspectives of Sexual Exploitation and Sex Work‖ by Lara Gerassi. The first is from Permatasari‘s study which finds that there is an
objectification of women seen in the Novel
Fifty Shades of Grey.
In her study, she explains that the objectification of women exists because of the patriarchal
system. The system makes women to be used as tools for men, especially to give them
sexual pleasure
or to
fulfill their
sexual needs.
This
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