Revisiting Gender Perspective Review of Related Theories

usually from some attractive, if slight, work,…‖ Fussell, 1992: 31. The upper class people, though they are rich-born, they still have to work to earn money to maintain their life. Their jobs are varied, such as controlling banks and historic corporations, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Foreign Policy Association, and the Senate Fussell, 1992: 31. They have high positions, often considered the prestigious ones because they occupy the highest place and have control towards others. Their presence is visible because their presence can be seen from their houses. Upper class people‘s houses are big and have a lot of bedrooms, showing their social status as the upper class which easily recognized by the society. Upper-middle class refers to those who may inherit money, but suffers from a bourgeois sense of shame that live on the earnings of others is not quite nice Russell, 1992: 33. It means that upper-middle class is one level lower than upper class. Their jobs have more dependency on others, they participate in some fields like, law, medicine, oil, or selling and buying artworks, but still they earn money a lot. Middle-class refers to those working with specific skills and education background in certain company. They are people working according to their skills and education background, such as the geologist, the computer programmer, or the aeronautical engineer. They earn money from their salary which is much more than the workers. The high proles refers to those working with specific skills and require them to work professionaly. ―The high proles are the skilled workers, craftsmen, like printers‖ Fussell, 1992: 45. Meanwhile, the mid-proles refers to those working as the employee, like bus driver and operator, but they are also afraid of losing their jobs. Usually, their salary is relatively small. The last categorized prole is low proles, refers to those with unskilled labor. Both of mid-proles and low proles are supervised by their supervisor. ―These are the people who feel bitter about their work, often because they are closely, supervised and regulated and generally treated like wayward children‖ Fussell, 1992: 47. It means that both of mid-proles and low proles receive demands more often from their supervisor and are controlled by the supervisors. They have less power because they cannot control the production process and request the amount of their salary.

4. Revisiting Class and Gender Oppression Relation

In the society, there are two oppressed groups; they are women and the lower working class people. Women are related to gender system and working class people are related to classism. However, there is intersection between women oppression and class oppression. Firstly, women are oppressed to be obedient and to be dependent on men. They are oppressed to do domestic jobs, like cooking, washing, rising and taking care of children, and serving their husbands. A research about the expectation of boys and girls conducted by Ruth Hartley proves that gender division at work does happen. From the research, it is proved that young male respondents argue that women‘s ability to work is indeed limited to domestic jobs. ―Women do things like cooking and washing and sewing because that‘s all they can do‖ Weitzman, 1984: 167. This statement emphasizes the idea of men regarding women to be less valuable than them in patriarchal society and it makes women are risky of domestic violence done by their husbands. Secondly, those who are from the top three upper class group control the production process, the government, and other important fields in society. They have money and position which make them powerful. The upper class can oppress the lower working class in order to gain their own interest, to take benefit, and to maintain their positions in society. Thirdly, the intersection between women oppression and class oppression happens because women, from whichever class they are from, are always considered to be the second ones because of their sex. Then, the oppression is interconnected. In patriarchal society, women from every class are oppressed because they have to follow the rules set by men in society. Men are placed to be the leader and women are the followers. However, lower working class women experience more oppression because they are oppressed because of their gender and their social class.

C. Review of Related Backgrounds

This sub-part discusses the review of the biographical background of the author in writing Fifty Shades of Grey. As the author, E.L. James writes the story of Fifty Shades of Grey because of being inspired by Twilight. Fifty Shades of Grey was firstly published on James‘ private website and was not entitled as Fifty Shades of Grey . It was firstly published as a fan fiction and entitled Masters of the Universe .