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3.5 Research Procedure
Data obtained was used to answer the two research questions mentioned in Chapter I. Content analysis was defined as a systematic, replicable technique for
compressing many words of text into fewer content categories based on explicit rules of coding. In addition, Holsti 1969, p. 14 offers a brOAD definition of
content analysis as, any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages. It could be a
useful technique for allowing people to discover and describe the focus of the individual, group, institutional, or social attention. Weber 1990 says that the
content analysis is also useful for examining trends and patterns in documents. The content analysis extends far beyond simple word counts, however. What
makes the technique particularly rich and meaningful is its reliance on coding and categorizing of the data.
The writer decided to apply the content analysis as the data analysis technique since this research also had the main focus in examining the social
factors to decide the slang’s communicative functions. The elaboration of morphology and semantic theories were used to answer the first question. To
analyze the meaning formation the writer analyzed the slangs by using the word formation theory. The writer also justified the meanings of slang by using both
Oxford American Dictionary OAD and slang dictionaries. To answer the second research question which was related to the functions of slang in the society, the
writer used the sociolinguistic theory in order to find the communicative functions
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of the slang. However, the writer used all of the related theories to support the analysis and the research findings.
3.5.1 Meaning Analysis
Firstly, the writer used the Oxford American Dictionary OAD to determine the general meanings of the slang expressions found in the movie. To
define the particular meanings of slang expressions and to find the meanings which were suitable, the researcher used the NTC’s Dictionary of American Slang
and Colloquial Expressions 2000, and some slang dictionaries such as the Urban Dictionary 2015, the Alpha Dictionary 2015, and the Slangcity
Dictionary 2002. In order to analyze the slang meaning formation in the Freedom Writers
movie, the writer applied the word formation processes theory which proposed by O’ Grady and Guzman 1996. The writer also elaborated other experts’ views
which related to the word formation processes. Those experts were Katamba 1993, Hatch and Brown 1995, Yule 2006 and Wagner 2010. Some of the
word formation processes were compounding, borrowing, coinage, blending, clipping, back formation, derivation, inflection, reduplication and abbreviation.
The writer then decided the changes which influenced the slang formation. Some changes that usually found in slang words and phrases according Coleman 2012
are: 1 The change in meaning, 2 The change in function, 3 The change in form, 4 C The change in spelling, and 5 The change by abbreviation.
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3.5.2 Function Analysis
To answer the second research question, the writer used Holmes’ 2012 explanation. The explanation was related to the social factors in the
communication that might influence the functions of slang. Those social factors were ‘what, who, when, where, why and how’ factors.
There was an explanation which related to the reasons of using slang. The writer identified the reasons of using slang by analyzing the slang based on
context and examined all the relevant factors. Those relevant factors were based on explanation from Eric Patridge as he mentions in Coleman 2012. In the
function analysis, the writer also provided the context for further analysis of the slang’s communicative functions. The writer categorized the slang’s functions
using the idea of the communicative functions of a language as proposed by Leech 1981. Those functions are 1 Informational, 2 Expressive, 3 Directive, 4
Aesthetic, and 5 Phatic p.31.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results and findings which have been analyzed in ways justified in methodology. This section covers the data analysis which
consists of the meaning analysis, the function analysis and the summary of the research findings. In addition, it discusses the findings and interprets them in light
of the research questions. The presentation of the research results and findings are represented tightly to their links to the objectives, findings, as well as the
theoretical framework as discussed in the previous chapters.
4.1 Data Analysis
The data analysis consists of two major sections. Firstly, there will be an analysis on meanings of slang words and phrases. Secondly, it is going to discuss
the analysis of slang’s communicative functions based on the conversational context in the movie. The data is obtained from the Freedom Writers movie
released in 2007. The data analysis is explained as follow.
4.1.1 Meaning Analysis
The writer tries to analyze both the general and particular meanings of slangs which have been found in the movie. These steps have been done in order
to find the most suitable meanings for each slang word and phrase found in the Freedom Writers movie.
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