42
Altheide and Schneider 2013 explain some steps while conducting document analysis. Those steps are finding and gaining access to the documents,
collecting data, coding and organizing data, analyzing and reporting data. In this study the writer applied the document analysis as research procedure in order to
elaborate the data and answer the research questions. Some steps used in this study were:
1. Finding and gaining access to the documents
Firstly, the writer decided the Freedom Writers movie released in 2007 as the main object of the study. Next, the writer observed and determined the words
and phrases that were considered as the slang expressions by watching the Freedom Writers movie. Watching means the writer noticed and conceived slang
words uttered by actors and actresses in the movie. The writer observed their utterances carefully. Next, the writer decided which words and phrases that were
included as slang through observation.
2. Data collection
The writer listed or collected the slang expression from the movie. The listing process was divided into two steps. The first step was listing the slang
words. The second step was listing the slang phrases. This process helped the writer to analyze the data. The writer also searched the Freedom Writers movie
script to help her in re-checking the slang found from the movie with the slang written in the script. This process helped the writer to avoid mistakes in
determining the slang expressions.
43
3. Data coding and organization
After listing all of the slang expressions found in the movie, the writer did the coding process. Coding means to scrutinize each slang word and phrase into a
certain category. There were three categorizations: word, phrase and sentence in the conversational context which were intended to make the data analysis simpler
and more organized.
4. Data analysis
The writer explained the slang expressions using primary and secondary sources to define the meanings and functions of slang. The writer also tried to
relate all the theories to decide whether the words and phrases which had been collected were considered as slang. The writer was able to explain the meanings
of slangs and their communicative functions based on the Freedom Writers movie by using all the relevant theories. Some examples of those theories were the word
formation process theory in morphology, the theories of meaning in semantic and also the language communicative functions in sociolinguistic.
5. Report
