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Several types of the word formation processes that will be used for analyzing slang’s meanings are:
1. Compounding
O’Grady and Guzman 1996, p. 143 mention that compounding is a combination of some lexical categories such as adjectives, nouns, verbs, or
prepositions in purpose to construct a larger unit of a word. It means that a compound word is formed from two or more free forms. Compounding is the
process of putting words together to build a new word which does not denote two things, but denote one thing that is pronounced as one unit Winiewski, 2007.
At least there are four types of the compounding: endocentric, exocentric, copulative and appositional compounds Wagner, 2010. The endocentric
compounds happen when A modifier is added to B noun head. A and B are combined to become a special kind of B sea power. The exocentric compounds
mostly refer to the depreciative properties of people. In the exocentric compound, when A adds B, it becomes a compound with an unexpressed semantic head
paleface. In addition, the copulative compounds derived from A plus an additional B to become the ‘sum’ of what A and B denote bittersweet. The last
compound is called the appositional compounds. It becomes the appositional compound when A plus B refers to the different descriptions for a common
referent singer – songwriter.
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2. Borrowing
Borrowing is actually a general process in any languages since many of words are adapted from other languages. Mostly the borrowed nouns are later
changed to fit the verbal forms of the language in speech or writing Finegan 2007, p. 52. One of the examples of the borrowing process is a word ‘risk’ which
originated from Italia. It was actually a noun when borrowed, but later, in need of a verb, it was converted into ‘to risk’.
3. Coinage
Hatch and Brown 1995, p. 175 define coinage as a process when a new word is needed but there are no appropriate borrowed words and native words to
express it. A general example is the use of individual’s name in the scientific terms such as celcius and newton. Those words are derived from the inventor’s
own name, according to Yule 2006, p. 53 it is usually called ‘eponyms’. In the coinage process, the word is named with entirely new word. Yule 2006 explains
that trademark or products names are often adopted by the masses and they become “everyday words of language”. An example of the coinage process is the
word ‘googling’ which firstly used as the name of a product is now widely used by people to sign an action of browsing internet. Onomatopoeia is also considered
as the coinage process when people use sound to associate a thing such as bang, splash, boom which are often used in comic books in order to let the readers know
what kind of sound is accompanied to the actions Wagner, 2010, p. 7.
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4. Blending
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