33
B. Data Reduction
In data reduction, the researcher selected, simplified, abstracted and transformed the raw data found in the field. The researcher read the interview
transcript several times and decided to adapt the coding system offered by Biklen and Bogdan 2003 and generated them into themes based on the research
questions. The researcher used observation sheets in order to reduce the data from classroom activity video, teaching media and the specimen of the lesson plan.
In the data display process, the researcher organized and arranged the data in order to enable the conclusion drawing process. The data display process consisted
of generating the matrix of the coding system, generated theme and research questions Miles Huberman, 1992. In the conclusion drawing process, the
researcher conquered the meaning of the data gathered and drew the conclusions from it. The main purpose of this research was to answer the research questions in
order to describe the phenomena. The researcher generated the matrix of the coding system, theme and the research questions and produced logical conclusions from it
in order to describe the case studied.
C. Coding Strategy
In this research, the researcher adapted the coding system from Biklen and Bogdan’s coding family Bogdan Biklen, 2003 in order to organize the data
from the interview with the teacher of MFC 5. There were ten coding families
34 offered by Biklen and Bogdan, they were: settingcontext, definition of situation,
perspectives held by subjects, subject’s way of thinking about people and objects, process, activity, event, strategy, relationship and social structure, and narrative
codes Bogdan Biklen, 2003. Each of these codes could be used to sort the data according to its type and meaning to this study. The descriptions of each coding
family of Biklen and Bogdan were written below.
Table 1. The Bogdan and Biklens Coding System Matrix 2003 Coding Family
Description
SettingContext The general information of the setting,
topic or subjects Definition of Situation
The description of how the subject define the setting or particular topics
Perspectives Held by Subjects Shared rules, norms and general points of
view. Subjects’ Ways of Thinking about People
and Objects The subjects’ understandings of each
other, outsiders andor objects. Process Codes
Sequences of events, changes over time, or passages from one type or kind of status to
another.
Activity Codes Regularly occurring kinds of behavior.
Event Codes Specific activities occurred in the setting
or the lives of the subjects. Strategy Codes
Tactics, methods, techniques, maneuvers, ploys and other conscious way of people
to accomplish things. Relationship and Social Structure Codes
Regular patterns of behavior among people not officially defined by the
organizational chart.
Narrative Codes Described the structure of talk itself.
The researcher listened to the interview several times and transcribed it. The researcher then read the transcript several times in order to get the idea to code the
Way of Thinking
Strategy
Definition of Situation
Activity
data from the interview four coding families
strategy, definition of families did not significantly
contain the general terms interview transcript.
transcript. The interview transcript
in a database. The figure adapted from Biklen and
Biklen, 2003.
• The teachers perception toward teaching media for young learners
ay of nking
• The teachers strategies in prepari • The teachers strategies in teachi
learners
tegy
• The teachers descriptions of the students response toward classroom activi
• The teachers descriptions of the students vocabulary skill progress
nition of tuation
• The whole classroom activities • The pictures implementation in the cl
activities
Activity
the interview Bogdan Biklen, 2003. The researcher families in order to answer the research questions: way
definition of situation and activity. This was because the other not significantly occur in the transcript. The coding
the general terms in order to help the researcher reduce the transcript. The codes were the actual tags applied to
interview transcript had been coded into four different g figure below showed the code categories used in
Biklen and Bogdan’s and the data coded from the interview
Figure 1. The Coding System Matrix
35
oward pictures as earners
n preparing the pictures eaching young
of the students oom activities
of the students
ties on in the classroom
er decided to use : way of thinking,
because the other six coding coding families used
reduce the data from the applied to the interview
different groups and stored categories used in this research,
the interview Bogdan